The DOI matches its Crossref record; 167 of the 168 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Implementation intentions and goal achievement: a meta-analysis of effects and processes
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“Also, as reviewed by Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006), adapting specific implementation intentions (“if-then”-plans rather than overall goal intentions) may have a strong effect on goal attainment.”
From How Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations (2020) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006
In the citing paper
“For women with, or at risk of GDM, bridging this intention–behaviour gap is likely to require specific action planning alongside concise, credible and condition‐relevant guidance [53, 54].”
From Preconception Perceptions, Knowledge and Behaviours of Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Qualitative Study (2026) · cites this paper as [53]
In the citing paper
“One encourages people to form realistic, concrete plans for how to implement their new health-related goals in specific situations (Gollwitzer & Sheeran 2006).”
From The Psychology of Change: Self-Affirmation and Social Psychological Intervention (2014) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran 2006
In the citing paper
“Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006) found that implementation intentions had a positive effect on improving goal attainment in terms of achievements, relationships, and health, with a medium to large effect size [Cohen' d = 0.65 (95% CI = 0.6, 0.7)].”
From A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Mental Contrasting With Implementation Intentions on Goal Attainment (2021) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006)
In the citing paper
“Studies show that implementing study intentions and plans enhances self-regulation and performance (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006;Schwinger & Otterpohl, 2017).”
From The Potential of Exam Wrappers in Higher Education Assessment Practice: Fostering Self-Efficacy Through Guided Self-Reflection (2025) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006
In the citing paper
“we synthesized the evidence across these studies, as implementation intentions are considered a domain‐general self‐regulation strategy applicable to a wide range of goals.”
From The effectiveness of implementation intentions in children: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2026) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006
In the citing paper
“As recently reported in a meta-analysis, implementation intentions facilitate the attainment of all kinds of goals (e.g., academic, health, and interpersonal goals; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
From Implementation Intentions Facilitate Response Inhibition in Children with ADHD (2008) · cites this paper as Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006
Citations
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“Although accumulated research supports this idea (e.g., Armitage & Conner, 2001; Sheeran, 2002; Sutton, 1998), there is also contrary evidence that gives credence to the proverb that ‘‘the road to hell is paved with good intentions’’ (Orbell & Sheeran, 1998; Sheeran, 2002).”
ResultCohen, J. (1992) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037//0033-2909.112.1.155 · Cited by 8,771
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 3,241
Strategic automation of emotion regulation.
Gallo, I. S., Keil, A., McCulloch, K. C., Rockstroh, B., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013460 · Cited by 235
Self-citationDigital Behaviour Change Interventions to Break and Form Habits
Pinder, C., Vermeulen, J., Cowan, B. R., & Beale, R. (2018) · ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction · doi:10.1145/3196830 · Cited by 235
Chapter 3 Action‐Based Model of Dissonance
Harmon‐Jones, E., Amodio, D. M., & Harmon‐Jones, C. (2009) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0065-2601(08)00403-6 · Cited by 113
“When a person is in an action-oriented state, implementation of decisions is enhanced (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundStadler, G., Oettingen, G., & Gollwitzer, P. (2010) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018644 · Cited by 224
Self-citationWebb, T. L., Sheeran, P., & Łuszczyńska, A. (2008) · British Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1348/014466608x370591 · Cited by 234
Self-citationLuszczynska, A., Tryburcy, M., & Schwarzer, R. (2006) · Health Education Research · doi:10.1093/her/cyl133 · Cited by 231
“Forming plans facilitates goal attainment by increasing automatic responses to cues [13].”
BackgroundŁuszczyńska, A., Schwarzer, R., Lippke, S., & Mazurkiewicz, M. (2011) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2011.531571 · Cited by 262
“People remember their intentions better when they are specified in a when, where and how manner – see, for example, the extensive literature on the promotion of behaviour through implementation intention formation (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundTeamwork in sport: a theoretical and integrative review
McEwan, D., & Beauchamp, M. R. (2014) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/1750984x.2014.932423 · Cited by 229
“…intentions) consist of ‘if … then …’ statements whereby teams map out alternative strategies for goal attainment, in case the principal strategies do not prove to be effective (‘if situation X is encountered, then I/we will initiate goal-directed behavior Y’; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialConsumers' Purchase Intentions and their Behavior
Morwitz, V. G. (2014) · Foundations and Trends® in Marketing · doi:10.1561/1700000036 · Cited by 248
Lyngs, U., Lukoff, K., Slovák, P., Binns, R., Slack, A., Inzlicht, M., Kleek, M. G. V., & Shadbolt, N. (2019) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3290605.3300361 · Cited by 272
“e.g. from Reddit to Trello), and numerous tools implement similar functionality. Such apps seem to be automating ‘implementation intentions’ (if-when rules for linking a context to a desired response [66]), an intervention which digital behaviour change researchers have highlighted as a promising way to scaffold trans…”
MethodFriese, M., Hofmann, W., & Wiers, R. W. (2011) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2010.536417 · Cited by 220
“One way to achieve this goal is by establishing implementation intentions (Gollwitzer, 1999 ; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006 ).”
BackgroundŁuszczyńska, A., Sobczyk, A., & Abraham, C. (2007) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.26.4.507 · Cited by 219
Working toward gender diversity and inclusion in medicine: myths and solutions
Kang, S. K., & Kaplan, S. (2019) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(18)33138-6 · Cited by 227
May, J., Kavanagh, D. J., & Andrade, J. (2015) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.09.016 · Cited by 216
“Schlauch et al. (2013) drew on EI theory to advocate a greater focus on positive affect in craving and addiction research, while Gollwitzer & Sheeran (2006) recruited it to explain why desirable distractions can divert people from their intentions to achieve goals, arguing that motivated behaviour…”
BackgroundEffective regulation of affect: An action control perspective on emotion regulation
Webb, T. L., Schweiger Gallo, I., Miles, E., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Sheeran, P. (2012) · European Review of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/10463283.2012.718134 · Cited by 216
“Relatedly, although the mechanisms underlying the effects of forming implementation intentions on action control are well understood (review by Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006), the extent to which these mechanisms also pertain to the regulation of emotional outcomes by implementation intentions…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationRelationships between general self-efficacy, planning for the future, and life satisfaction
Azizli, N., Atkinson, B. E., Baughman, H. M., & Giammarco, E. A. (2015) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2015.03.006 · Cited by 215
Banishing the Control Homunculi in Studies of Action Control and Behavior Change
Verbruggen, F., McLaren, I. P. L., & Chambers, C. D. (2014) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691614526414 · Cited by 214
“This is consistent with findings in the implementation intention literature (Gollwitzer, 1999; Gollwitzer, Gawrilow, & Oettingen, 2010; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundResultHagger, M. S., Łuszczyńska, A., de Wit, J. B. F., Benyamini, Y., Burkert, S., Chamberland, P.-É., Chater, A., Dombrowski, S. U., van Dongen, A., French, D., et al. (2016) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2016.1146719 · Cited by 210
“As Gollwitzer and Sheeran (Gollwitzer, 1993, 1999; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006) pointed out, implementation intentions can be used to promote action initiation as well as to protect ongoing goal pursuit from intrusions (Gollwitzer, 1999).”
BackgroundSelf-citationSeparable brain systems supporting cued versus self-initiated realization of delayed intentions.
Gilbert, S. J., Gollwitzer, P. M., Cohen, A.-L., Oettingen, G., & Burgess, P. W. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/a0015535 · Cited by 211
“…cue-action links) may be less effective because they are more dependent on self-initiated behavior (Cohen, Bayer, Jaudas, & Gollwitzer, 2008; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; see also Achtziger, Gollwitzer, & Sheeran, 2008, for evidence that implementation intentions may in addition be triggered…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationFerguson, E. (2011) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2010.547985 · Cited by 220
“N may also reduce the possibility of being derailed (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006) from a gaol by minor threats.”
BackgroundScaling up behavioral science interventions in online education
Kizilcec, R. F., Reich, J., Yeomans, M., Dann, C., Brunskill, E., Lopez, G., Turkay, S., Williams, J. J., & Tingley, D. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1921417117 · Cited by 208
“The “mental contrasting with implementation intentions” (MCII) intervention prompts students to reflect on the benefits and barriers to achieving their goal (20) and then plan ahead for how to overcome obstacles (15).”
BackgroundSoll, J. B., Milkman, K. L., & Payne, J. W. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118468333.ch33 · Cited by 209
“When an individual is prompted to decide on the when, where, and how of an intended action, the newly formed plan represents a commitment that is both psychologically difficult to break and memorable (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundBayer, U. C., Achtziger, A., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Moskowitz, G. B. (2009) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.2009.27.2.183 · Cited by 207
“Numerous studies have shown that the attainment of goals strongly benefits from the formation of implementation intentions (for summaries, see Achtziger & Gollwitzer, 2008; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundSelf-citationAn Action-Based Model of Cognitive-Dissonance Processes
Harmon‐Jones, E., Harmon‐Jones, C., & Levy, N. (2015) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721414566449 · Cited by 231
“This approach-motivated state, which has been referred to as an implemental or actionoriented mind-set (Gollwitzer & Bayer, 1999), increases decision implementation and goal accomplishment (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundObesity and the four facets of impulsivity
Mobbs, O., Crépin, C., Thiéry, C., Golay, A., & der Linden, M. V. (2010) · Patient Education and Counseling · doi:10.1016/j.pec.2010.03.003 · Cited by 199
“Implementation intentions save people’s self-regulatory resources and allow them to simultaneously perform other activities [35–37].”
BackgroundScott-Sheldon, L. A. J., Carey, K. B., Elliott, J. C., Garey, L., & Carey, M. P. (2014) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0035192 · Cited by 198
“Consistent with previous research (e.g., (Gollwitzer, 1999; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006), our metaanalyses showed that generating harm prevention plans and/or goal setting significantly improved the efficacy of the intervention to reduce quantity and frequency of alcohol use.”
Liao, Q., Cowling, B. J., Lam, W., & Fielding, R. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017713 · Cited by 202
“A meta-analytic review showed that implementation of intention as planning consistently caused a medium-to-large effect on behavioural change [47].”
BackgroundDarker, C. D., French, D., Eves, F. F., & Sniehotta, F. F. (2009) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870440902893716 · Cited by 216
“Indeed there is considerable evidence showing that simple planning interventions are effective in increasing levels of physical activity in individuals motivated to change (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006 ).”
BackgroundAdriaanse, M. A., de Ridder, D. T. D., & de Wit, J. B. F. (2008) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167208325612 · Cited by 195
“If a person is familiar with his or her “situation-behavior profile” (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006) and thus knows which cues elicit the undesired response, this information can be used to tailor the formation of implementation intentions to these critical cues.”
InfluentialHow do we engage with activity trackers?
Gouveia, R. H. D. F., Karapanos, E., & Hassenzahl, M. (2015) · ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing (UbiComp) · doi:10.1145/2750858.2804290 · Cited by 211
“Research has repeatedly shown that setting concrete goals makes individuals more likely to accomplish them [16,26].”
BackgroundPlanning What Not to Eat: Ironic Effects of Implementation Intentions Negating Unhealthy Habits
Adriaanse, M. A., van Oosten, J. M. F., de Ridder, D. T. D., de Wit, J. B. F., & Evers, C. (2010) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167210390523 · Cited by 193
“Although habit strength has been found to moderate implementation intention effectiveness in previous work on implementation intentions (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Webb, Sheeran, & Luszczynska, 2009), this is the first time that its moderating role has been assessed in relation to negation…”
BackgroundResultA volitional help sheet to encourage smoking cessation: A randomized exploratory trial.
Armitage, C. J. (2008) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.27.5.557 · Cited by 193
Grimmer, M. R., & Miles, M. P. (2016) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.12290 · Cited by 192
Aschemann‐Witzel, J., & Aagaard, E. M. N. (2014) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.12115 · Cited by 192
The strength model of self-regulation failure and health-related behaviour
Hagger, M. S., Wood, C., Stiff, C., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. D. (2009) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437190903414387 · Cited by 207
“…behaviour relationship in experimental and randomised controlled trials in health-behaviour contexts (Armitage, 2007; Chapman et al., 2009; Chatzisarantis & Hagger, in press; Chatzisarantis, Hagger, & Wang, in press; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Hagger & Montasem, 2009; Sniehotta et al., 2005a).”
BackgroundAction crisis and cost–benefit thinking: A cognitive analysis of a goal-disengagement phase
Brandstätter, V., & Schüler, J. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2012.10.004 · Cited by 201
The Effects of Gamification in Online Learning Environments: A Systematic Literature Review
Antonaci, A., Klemke, R., & Specht, M. M. (2019) · Informatics · doi:10.3390/informatics6030032 · Cited by 237
“This theory shows that, if a person makes a precise plan (detailing the when , what and how of reaching her/his own goal), taking also into account what to do if an inconvenience occurs, the chance of reaching her/his goal/s will be higher compared with people that only have an intention [86].”
BackgroundConstrual Level and Procrastination
McCrea, S. M., Liberman, N., Yaacov Trope, B., & Sherman, S. J. (2008) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02240.x · Cited by 188
“Although past research has shown that more concrete construals of difficult tasks (Vallacher, Wegner, & Somoza, 1989) and more specific plans (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006) result in better task performance, it remains an open question whether more concrete representations of a task lead to earlier…”
ResultStadler, G., Oettingen, G., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2009) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2008.09.021 · Cited by 188
Self-citationPapies, E. K. (2016) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2016.1183506 · Cited by 188
“…to affect automatic responses to the speci fi ed cues as well as automatic evaluations (Hofmann, Deutsch, Lancaster, & Banaji, 2010) and behaviour (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006), by committing a vivid image of one ’ s planned behaviour in the speci-fi ed situation to memory (Papies, Aarts, & de…”
Divergent effects of activating thoughts of God on self-regulation.
Laurin, K., Kay, A. C., & Fitzsimons, G. M. (2012) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0025971 · Cited by 185
Is there utility in the transtheoretical model?
Armitage, C. J. (2008) · British Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1348/135910708x368991 · Cited by 203
Rhodes, R. E., Courneya, K. S., Blanchard, C. M., & Plotnikoff, R. C. (2007) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/1479-5868-4-51 · Cited by 184
Measuring the impact of online personalisation: Past, present and future
Zanker, M., Rook, L., & Jannach, D. (2019) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2019.06.006 · Cited by 213
Rhodes, R. E., & Dickau, L. (2012) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2011-090411 · Cited by 205
Propensity to plan, financial capability, and financial satisfaction
Xiao, J. J., & O’Neill, B. (2018) · International Journal of Consumer Studies · doi:10.1111/ijcs.12461 · Cited by 203
“Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006) studied a specific type of advance plan called an “implementation intention” (e.g., “If situation x arises, I will implement goal-directed response y ”) and found implementation intentions positively affect goal attainment.”
BackgroundSelf-regulation and self-control in exercise: the strength-energy model
Hagger, M. S., Wood, C., Stiff, C., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. D. (2010) · International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology · doi:10.1080/17509840903322815 · Cited by 186
“Implementation intentions are action plans that increase the likelihood of people carrying out their intended actions and are often framed as ‘if-then’ plans (Gollwitzer, 1999; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundHagger, M. S., Lonsdale, A. J., Koka, A., Hein, V., Pasi, H., Lintunen, T., & Chatzisarantis, N. L. D. (2011) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-011-9163-8 · Cited by 181
“ment in a variety of health-related behaviors [30, 31] including physical activity [32–34], dietary behaviors [35– 37], cancer screening and self-examination, [38–40], and”
BackgroundEffective Teacher Professional Development: New Theory and a Meta-Analytic Test
Sims, S., Fletcher-Wood, H., O’Mara-Eves, A., Cottingham, S., Stansfield, C., Goodrich, J., Herwegen, J. V., & Anders, J. (2023) · Review of Educational Research · doi:10.3102/00346543231217480 · Cited by 389
“This creates situational cues that help trigger new practice (Webb & Sheeran, 2008) and has been shown to help change practice in health, education, and lab settings (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
The Power of Goal-Directed Processes in the Causation of Emotional and Other Actions
Moors, A., Boddez, Y., & Houwer, J. D. (2017) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073916669595 · Cited by 199
“R] link is the formation of an implementation intention (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006) also called a prepared reflex (Hommel, 2000).”
BackgroundChapman, J., Armitage, C. J., & Norman, P. E. (2008) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870440701864538 · Cited by 179
“80 based on a small to medium effect size for implementation intentions (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006 ), the required sample size was 157.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialHow the Design of YouTube Influences User Sense of Agency
Lukoff, K., Lyngs, U., Zade, H., Liao, J. V., Choi, J., Fan, K., Munson, S. A., & Hiniker, A. (2021) · Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3411764.3445467 · Cited by 190
Parks–Stamm, E. J., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Oettingen, G. (2007) · Social Cognition · doi:10.1521/soco.2007.25.2.248 · Cited by 191
“Implementation intentions greatly improve the rate of goal attainment ( Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006 ).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationWorking for food you don’t desire. Cues interfere with goal-directed food-seeking
Watson, P., Wiers, R. W. H. J., Hommel, B., & de Wit, S. (2014) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2014.04.005 · Cited by 177
Polites, G. L., & Karahanna, E. (2013) · MIS Quarterly · doi:10.25300/misq/2013/37.1.10 · Cited by 174
“To break a habit, we must therefore break the link between the goal and its associated behavior (Gollwitzer and Sheeran 2006; Sheeran et al. 2005; Verplanken 2005).”
Optimizing Students’ Mental Health and Academic Performance: AI-Enhanced Life Crafting
Dekker, I., De Jong, E. M., Schippers, M. C., De Bruijn-Smolders, M., Alexiou, A., & Giesbers, B. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01063 · Cited by 176
“These are especially beneficial when they face obstacles or distractions and have a strong effect on goal achievement (Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundReeve, J., Cheon, S. H., & Jang, H. (2020) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101899 · Cited by 219
Gardner, B., Lally, P. J., & Rebar, A. L. (2020) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12553 · Cited by 200
Breaking Habits Using Implementation Intentions
Adriaanse, M. A., & Verhoeven, A. A. C. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-97529-0_10 · Cited by 167
Adriaanse, M. A., Oettingen, G., Gollwitzer, P. M., Hennes, E. P., de Ridder, D. T. D., & de Wit, J. B. F. (2010) · European Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1002/ejsp.730 · Cited by 247
Self-citationRozanski, A. (2014) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.03.047 · Cited by 168
Ogden, J. (2016) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2016.1190291 · Cited by 163
Intergroup Perception and Cognition
Kawakami, K., Amodio, D. M., & Hugenberg, K. (2017) · Advances in experimental social psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2016.10.001 · Cited by 186
“This kind of strategy has been shown to be effective in a range of selfcontrol contexts (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundPro-environmental habits: An underexplored research agenda in sustainability science
Linder, N., Giusti, M., Samuelsson, K., & Barthel, S. (2021) · AMBIO · doi:10.1007/s13280-021-01619-6 · Cited by 210
Knaüper, B., McCollam, A., Rosen-Brown, A., Lacaille, J., Kelso, E., & Roseman, M. (2011) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870441003703218 · Cited by 160
“Various challenges such as conflicting goals, adverse self-states, and a lack of time, skills and effort can hinder goal attainment (for a review, see Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006 ).”
BackgroundThe BASES Expert Statement on emotion regulation in sport
Lane, A. M., Beedie, C., Jones, M. V., Uphill, M. A., & Devonport, T. J. (2012) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2012.693621 · Cited by 161
“Research has found implementation-intentions to be a particularly effective intervention strategy (Achtziger, Gollwitzer, & Sheeran, 2008 ; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006 ).”
BackgroundMichie, S., Pilling, S., Garety, P., Whitty, P., Eccles, M. P., Johnston, M., & Simmons, J. (2007) · Implementation Science · doi:10.1186/1748-5908-2-8 · Cited by 161
Texting while driving on automatic: Considering the frequency-independent side of habit
Bayer, J., & Campbell, S. W. (2012) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2012.06.012 · Cited by 173
“…reconstruals (stimuli transformations), and ''self-distancing'' have shown promise in lowering reactivity and enhancing judgment across an array of behaviors (Ayduk & Kross, 2010; Fujita, 2011; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Hofmann, Deutsch, Lancaster, & Banaji, 2010; Kross & Grossman, 2011).”
BackgroundHow Study Environments Foster Academic Procrastination: Overview and Recommendations
Svartdal, F., Dahl, T. I., Gamst-Klaussen, T., Koppenborg, M., & Klingsieck, K. B. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.540910 · Cited by 159
Improving Outcome of Psychosocial Treatments by Enhancing Memory and Learning
Harvey, A. G., Lee, J., Williams, J. J., Hollon, S. D., Walker, M. P., Thompson, M. A., & Smith, R. (2014) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691614521781 · Cited by 169
Improving Cognitive Function in Older Adults: Nontraditional Approaches
Park, D. C., Gutchess, A. H., Meade, M. L., & Stine-Morrow, E. A. L. (2007) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/62.special_issue_1.45 · Cited by 159
“In a meta-analysis of the impact of implementation intentions on goal completion, Gollwitzer and Sheeran (2006) examined 94 effects and reported evidence for a medium to large effect size for the effect of implementation intentions, despite the inclusion of some unpublished studies (such inclusion would act to decreas…”
BackgroundHealthy Cognition: Processes of Self-Regulatory Success in Restrained Eating
Papies, E. K., Stroebe, W., & Aarts, H. (2008) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167208320063 · Cited by 159
“Evidence for the beneficial effect of the accessibility of the behavioral goal in intention–behavior relations stems mostly from research on implementation intentions (for a metaanalysis, see Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Sheeran, 2002).”
MethodCan implementation intentions and text messages promote brisk walking? A randomized trial.
Prestwich, A., Perugini, M., & Hurling, R. (2010) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0016993 · Cited by 158
Prestwich, A., Conner, M. T., Lawton, R., Ward, J. K., Ayres, K., & McEachan, R. (2012) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0027672 · Cited by 157
Head, K. J., & Noar, S. M. (2013) · Health Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/17437199.2013.778165 · Cited by 157
Gerlach, K. D., Spreng, R. N., Madore, K. P., & Schacter, D. L. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsu001 · Cited by 148
“…intentions’, where participants form an association between a cue and the desired behavior (‘If I encounter X, then I will perform Y’; Gollwitzer, 1999; Gollwitzer and Sheeran, 2006), implementation intentions that were accompanied by mental simulations of the future behavior rendered the goal…”
BackgroundFrom prediction to process: A self-regulation account of environmental behavior change
Nielsen, K. S. (2017) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jenvp.2017.04.002 · Cited by 166
Conner, M. T., Grogan, S., Simms‐Ellis, R., Flett, K., Sykes‐Muskett, B., Cowap, L., Lawton, R., Armitage, C. J., Meads, D. M., Torgerson, C. J., et al. (2017) · Tobacco Control · doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2016-053539 · Cited by 152
Sheeran, P., Aubrey, R., & Kellett, S. (2007) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.75.6.853 · Cited by 151
Self-citationThe Psychology of Entrepreneurship: Action and Process
Fresé, M., & Gielnik, M. M. (2022) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-120920-055646 · Cited by 184
Counterfactual thinking facilitates behavioral intentions
Smallman, R., & Roese, N. J. (2009) · Journal of Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2009.03.002 · Cited by 150
“Accordingly, research inspired by the theory of reasoned action and the theory of planned behavior have found that behavioral intentions have a moderate effect on behavior (e.g., Ajzen, 1991; Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Sheeran, 2002).”
BackgroundFerguson, E., France, C. R., Abraham, C., Ditto, B., & Sheeran, P. (2007) · Transfusion · doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01423.x · Cited by 152
“The successful application of this technique depends crucially on identifying critical subgoals that will facilitate performance.(4) For example, careful pilot work needs to be conducted with representative subsamples of donors at different stages of the donor career cycle(5) or who have experienced different types of…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationWieber, F., Thürmer, J. L., & Gollwitzer, P. M. (2015) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00395 · Cited by 119
Self-citationDuckworth, A. L., Kirby, T. A., Gollwitzer, A., & Oettingen, G. (2013) · Social Psychological and Personality Science · doi:10.1177/1948550613476307 · Cited by 171
“Attainment of goals benefits from planning how to overcome obstacles and executing goal-directed actions (Gollwitzer, 1999; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Oettingen et al., 2001, 2005).”
Godin, G., Sheeran, P., Conner, M. T., Delage, G., Germain, M., Bélanger‐Gravel, A., & Naccache, H. (2010) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0021131 · Cited by 148
“Implementation Intentions Evidence indicates that behavioral intentions are more likely to be translated into action if they have been supplemented with implementation intentions (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationSelf-Regulation of Priming Effects on Behavior
Gollwitzer, P. M., Sheeran, P., Trötschel, R., & Webb, T. L. (2011) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797611411586 · Cited by 147
“…indicated that, compared with forming mere goal intentions, forming implementation intentions enhances rates of goal attainment (d = 0.65; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006) by producing a heightened readiness both to detect the critical cue (e.g., Parks-Stamm, Gollwitzer, & Oettingen, 2007;…”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationChanging Behavior Using the Model of Action Phases
Keller, L., Gollwitzer, P. M., & Sheeran, P. (2020) · The Handbook of Behavior Change · doi:10.1017/9781108677318.006 · Cited by 147
Self-citationUsing Mental Imagery to Enhance the Effectiveness of Implementation Intentions
Knaüper, B., Roseman, M., Johnson, P. J., & Krantz, L. H. (2009) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-009-9055-0 · Cited by 146
“This should support the implementation intentioninherent process of automating the goal-directed response (cf. Gollwitzer and Sheeran 2006).”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialThe Evolving Understanding of Physical Activity Behavior
Rhodes, R. E. (2016) · Advances in motivation science · doi:10.1016/bs.adms.2016.11.001 · Cited by 162
An evaluation of a peer support intervention for student mental health
Byrom, N. (2018) · Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/09638237.2018.1437605 · Cited by 146
“Behaviour change was supported by explicit use of implementation intentions, to enhance goaldirected behaviour (e.g. Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
MethodPersistence and Disengagement in Personal Goal Pursuit
Brandstätter, V., & Bernecker, K. (2021) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-020821-110710 · Cited by 172
Fall, E., Izaute, M., & Chakroun, N. (2017) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2017.1401623 · Cited by 152
“Moreover, according to many research studies although an individual may have intended to behave in a certain way, that intention is not always translated into actual behaviour (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Webb & Sheeran, 2007).”
BackgroundSelf-efficacy Moderates the Mediation of Intentions Into Behavior via Plans
Lippke, S. (2009) · American Journal of Health Behavior · doi:10.5993/ajhb.33.5.5 · Cited by 144
Parke, M. R., Weinhardt, J. M., Brodsky, A., Tangirala, S., & DeVoe, S. E. (2017) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000278 · Cited by 160
de Bruin, M., Sheeran, P., Kok, G., Hiemstra, A., Prins, J. M., Hospers, H. J., & van Breukelen, G. (2012) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0027425 · Cited by 154
“…based on personal factors (rather than social norms), when people also plan how they will undertake the behavior (Godin, Conner, & Sheeran, 2005; Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Sheeran, Norman, & Orbell, 1999; Sheeran & Abraham, 2003; Sniehotta et al., 2005), and when the person possesses relevant…”
BackgroundSelf-citationvan Gelderen, M., Kautonen, T., Wincent, J., & Biniari, M. (2017) · Small Business Economics · doi:10.1007/s11187-017-9971-6 · Cited by 158
“…much of the research evidence on implementation intentions is produced by Gollwitzer and colleagues (Gollwitzer 1999; Gollwitzer and Oettingen 2015; Gollwitzer and Sheeran 2006), who require implementation intentions to be formulated in an if-then format that specifies situational cues (when and…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialSocial tie, social capital, and social behavior: Toward an integrative model of informal exchange
Li, P. P. (2007) · Asia Pacific Journal of Management · doi:10.1007/s10490-006-9031-2 · Cited by 142
“This is consistent with the structurationist perspective (Sydow, 1998), and the implementation intention perspective ( Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2004 ).”
ResultTime perspective in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking and body mass index.
Adams, J. M., & White, M. J. (2009) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.28.1.83 · Cited by 147
“…Association 2009, Vol. 28, No. 1, 83–90 0278-6133/09/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0278-6133.28.1.83 83 cilitates the formation of implementation intentions (Atance & O’Neill, 2001), increasingly recognized as the bridge linking behavioral intention and actual behavior (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006).”
BackgroundInfluentialChristiansen, S., Oettingen, G., Dahme, B., & Klinger, R. (2010) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2009.12.015 · Cited by 149
“All rights reserved.”
Dysregulation in level of goal and action identification across psychological disorders
Watkins, E. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.05.004 · Cited by 141
“First, forming concrete plans concerning the when, where, and how of pursuing a goal leads to earlier enactment of goal-directed behavior, quicker initiation of responses, and better goal completion (Gollwitzer & Sheeran, 2006; Webb & Sheeran, 2003).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Gollwitzer, P. M., & Sheeran, P.
- Affiliations
- University of Sheffield (GB)
- Venue
- Advances in Experimental Social Psychology
- Publisher
- Elsevier
- Published
- 2006
- Pages
- 69-119
- ISSN
- 0065-2601 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1818536883
- Cited by
- 3,236
- References
- 166
- Citations by year
- 2026: 142 · 2025: 150 · 2024: 192 · 2023: 251 · 2022: 178 · 2021: 196 · 2020: 256 · 2019: 177 · 2018: 185 · 2017: 168 · 2016: 189 · 2015: 188 · 2014: 174 · 2013: 161 · 2012: 144
- FWCI
- 243.46
- Type
- book chapter
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- nbn-resolving.de
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-nd
- Locations
- Advances in experimental social psychology (publishedVersion)
- KOPS (University of Konstanz) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Grit, Self-Efficacy, and Motivation
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Keywords
- implementation intentions, goal achievement, goal pursuit, self-regulation, goal-directed behavior
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