Parallel neural networks for learning sequential procedures
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that multiple brain areas contribute to different stages and aspects of procedural learning. On the basis of a series of studies using a sequence-learning task with trial-and-error, we propose a hypothetical scheme in which a sequential procedure is acquired independently by two cortical systems, one using spatial coordinates and the other using motor coordinates. They are active preferentially in the early and late stages of learning, respectively. Both of the two systems are supported by loop circuits formed with the basal ganglia and the cerebellum, the former for reward-based evaluation and the latter for processing of timing. The proposed neural architecture would operate in a flexible manner to acquire and execute multiple sequential procedures.
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Transfer over the course of experience from allocentric to egocentric reference frames of a sequence of manual button presses was proposed to depend on two separate cortical regions that both interact with the basal ganglia.
“The other parallel is with the transfer over the course of experience from allocentric to egocentric reference frames of a sequence of manual button presses (Hikosaka et al., 1999), although this was proposed to depend on two separate cortical regions that both interact with the basal ganglia.”
From Goals and Habits in the Brain (2013) · cites this paper as Hikosaka et al., 1999
Evidence indicates that frontal cortex and the basal ganglia are important for the expression and learning of motor sequences.
“This idea is consistent with evidence that frontal cortex and the basal ganglia—which are densely interconnected—are important for the expression and learning of motor sequences (Hikosaka et al., 1999; Tanji, 2001; Tanji & Hoshi, 2001).”
From DYNAMIC RESPONSE-BY-RESPONSE MODELS OF MATCHING BEHAVIOR IN RHESUS MONKEYS (2005) · cites this paper as Hikosaka et al., 1999
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- Authors
- Hikosaka, O., Nakahara, H., Rand, M. K., Sakai, K., Lu, X., Nakamura, K., Miyachi, S., & Doya, K.
- Affiliations
- Juntendo University (JP)
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science (JP)
- Arizona State University (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JP)
- Venue
- Trends in Neurosciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1999-10
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 464-471
- ISSN
- 0166-2236 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2017822265
- Cited by
- 799
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 35 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 43
- FWCI
- 2.18
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
- Japan Science and Technology Corporation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Motor Control and Adaptation
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Keywords
- procedural learning, sequential learning, parallel neural networks, basal ganglia, cerebellum, reward learning, timing, spatial coordinates, trial-and-error learning
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Basal Ganglia, Cerebellum, Motor Neurons, Movement, Neural Pathways, Neural Networks, Computer
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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