Cited by 511Stress Responses and CortisolAdrenal Hormones and DisordersPosttraumatic Stress Disorder Research

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Psychoneuroendocrinological contributions to the etiology of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and stress-related bodily disorders: the role of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis

Ehlert, Ulrike, Gaab, Jens, Heinrichs, Markus·2001·Biological Psychology

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Abstract

Following the assumption that stressors play an important part in the etiology and maintenance of psychiatric disorders, it is necessary to evaluate parameters reflecting stress-related physiological reactions. Results from these examinations may help to deepen the insight into the etiology of psychiatric disorders and to elucidate diagnostic uncertainties. One of the best-known stress-related endocrine reactions is the hormonal release of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Dysregulations of this axis are associated with several psychiatric disorders. Profound hyperactivity of the HPA-axis has been found in melancholic depression, alcoholism, and eating disorders. In contrast, posttraumatic stress disorder, stress-related bodily disorders like idiopathic pain syndromes, and chronic fatigue syndrome seem to be associated with diminished HPA activity (lowered activity of the adrenal gland). Hypotheses referring to (a) the psychophysiological meaning and (b) the development of these alterations are discussed.

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Authors: Ehlert, U., Gaab, J., & Heinrichs, M.
Affiliations: University of Zurich (CH)
Corresponding author: Ehlert, Ulrike
ORCID: Ehlert, Ulrike
Gaab, Jens
Heinrichs, Markus
Venue: Biological Psychology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2001-08
Volume: 57
Issue: 1-3
Pages: 141-152
ISSN: 0301-0511 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0301-0511(01)00092-8
OpenAlex: W2001420067
Cited by: 510
References: 94
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 29 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 22
FWCI: 5.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Biological Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Bank (Australian Catholic University) (submittedVersion)
Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Keywords: hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, depression, post-traumatic stress disorder, chronic fatigue syndrome, alcoholism, eating disorders, endogenous depression, HPA axis hyperactivity, stress hormones, psychoneuroendocrinology, etiology of mental disorders
MeSH terms: Arousal, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Somatoform Disorders, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic

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Psychoneuroendocrinological contributions to the etiology of depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, and stress-related bodily disorders: the role of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis

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