How does ascorbic acid prevent endothelial dysfunction?

May, James M

doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(00)00269-0

Cited by 260Nitric Oxide and Endothelin EffectsVitamin C and Antioxidants ResearchCardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention

How does ascorbic acid prevent endothelial dysfunction?

May, James M·2000·Free Radical Biology and Medicine

DOI 10.1016/s0891-5849(00)00269-0

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Abstract

Human coronary and peripheral arteries show endothelial dysfunction in a variety of conditions, including atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, smoking, and hypertension. This dysfunction manifests as a loss of endothelium-dependent vasodilation to acetylcholine infusion or sheer stress, and is typically associated with decreased generation of nitric oxide (NO) by the endothelium. Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, when acutely infused or chronically ingested, improves the defective endothelium-dependent vasodilation present in these clinical conditions. The mechanism of the ascorbic acid effect is unknown, although it has been attributed to an antioxidant function of the vitamin to enhance the synthesis or prevent the breakdown of NO. In this review, multiple mechanisms are considered that might account for the ability of ascorbate to preserve NO. These include ascorbate-induced decreases in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, scavenging of intracellular superoxide, release of NO from circulating or tissue S-nitrosothiols, direct reduction of nitrite to NO, and activation of either endothelial NO synthase or smooth muscle guanylate cyclase. The ability of ascorbic acid supplements to enhance defective endothelial function in human diseases provides a rationale for use of such supplements in these conditions. However, it is first necessary to determine which of the many plausible mechanisms account for the effect, and to ensure that undesirable toxic effects are not present.

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Ascorbate supports NO signalling by maintaining intracellular redox balance, promoting formation of S-nitrosothiols as NO reservoirs, and facilitating nitrite reduction under acidic conditions.
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Vitamins C and E reduce superoxide accumulation and lipid peroxidation, thereby preserving endothelial function.
“Vitamins C and E reduce superoxide accumulation and lipid peroxidation, thereby preserving endothelial function.”
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Role of Oxidative Modifications in Atherosclerosis
Stocker, R., & Keaney, J. F. (2004) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00047.2003 · Cited by 2,611 · see citing works
Measuring reactive species and oxidative damage in vivo and in cell culture: how should you do it and what do the results mean?
Halliwell, B., & Whiteman, M. (2004) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0705776 · Cited by 2,238 · see citing works
Invited review: Oxidation of biological systems: Oxidative stress phenomena, antioxidants, redox reactions, and methods for their quantification
Kohen, R., & Nyska, A. (2002) · Toxicologic Pathology · doi:10.1080/01926230290166724 · Cited by 2,178 · see citing works
Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity
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Vitamins C and E: Beneficial effects from a mechanistic perspective
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Impact of Oxidative Stress on the Heart and Vasculature
Münzel, T. F., Camici, G. G., Maack, C., Bonetti, N. R., Fuster, V., & Kovacic, J. C. (2017) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.05.035 · Cited by 623 · see citing works
Oxidative stress in vascular disease: causes, defense mechanisms and potential therapies
Förstermann, U. (2008) · Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine · doi:10.1038/ncpcardio1211 · Cited by 576 · see citing works
New developments and novel therapeutic perspectives for vitamin C
Li, Y., & Schellhorn, H. E. (2007) · The Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/137.10.2171 · Cited by 508 · see citing works
The paradox of nitric oxide in cirrhosis and portal hypertension: Too much, not enough
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The Antioxidants and Pro-Antioxidants Network: An Overview
Vertuani, S., Angusti, A., & Manfredini, S. (2004) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/1381612043384655 · Cited by 438 · see citing works
Oxidative stress and potential interventions to reduce oxidative stress in overweight and obesity
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Vitamin C Function and Status in Chronic Disease
Jacob, R. A., & Sotoudeh, G. (2002) · Nutrition in Clinical Care · doi:10.1046/j.1523-5408.2002.00005.x · Cited by 392 · see citing works
ReviewPart of the Series: From Dietary Antioxidants to Regulators in Cellular Signalling and Gene ExpressionReview: When is an antioxidant not an antioxidant? A review of novel actions and reactions of vitamin C
Duarte, T. L., & Lunec, J. (2005) · Free Radical Research · doi:10.1080/10715760500104025 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
Role of Vitamin C in the Function of the Vascular Endothelium
May, J. M., & Harrison, F. E. (2013) · Antioxidants & Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2013.5205 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
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Vitamin C revisited
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Effects of vitamin C supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Juraschek, S. P., Güallar, E., Appel, L. J., & Miller, E. R. (2012) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.3945/ajcn.111.027995 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Chitosan films and coatings prevent losses of fresh fruit nutritional quality: A review
Kerch, G. (2015) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2015.10.010 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Interactions Between Nitric Oxide and Lipid Oxidation Pathways: Implications for Vascular Disease
O’Donnell, V. B., & Freeman, B. A. (2001) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/01.res.88.1.12 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Ascorbic acid partly antagonizes resveratrol mediated heme oxygenase-1 but not paraoxonase-1 induction in cultured hepatocytes - role of the redox-regulated transcription factor Nrf2
Wagner, A. E., Boesch, C., Breckwoldt, D., Schrader, C., Schmelzer, C., Döring, F., Hashida, K., Hori, O., Matsugo, S., & Rimbach, G. H. (2011) · BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1186/1472-6882-11-1 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Vitamin C: An Antioxidant Agent
Pehlivan, F. E. (2017) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.69660 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Ascorbic Acid Reduces Blood Pressure and Arterial Stiffness in Type 2 Diabetes
Mullan, B. A., Young, I. S., Fee, H. J. P., & McCance, D. R. (2002) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000039961.13718.00 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Regulation of endothelial-type NO synthase expression in pathophysiology and in response to drugs
Li, H., Wallerath, T., Münzel, T. F., & Förstermann, U. (2002) · Nitric Oxide · doi:10.1016/s1089-8603(02)00111-8 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Interfering with Nitric Oxide Measurements
Zhang, X., Kim, W. S., Hatcher, N. G., Potgieter, K., Moroz, L. L., Gillette, R., & Sweedler, J. V. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m209130200 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Effect of vitamin C on endothelial function in health and disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Ashor, A. W., Lara, J., Mathers, J. C., & Siervo, M. (2014) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.04.004 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Regular ingestion of black tea improves brachial artery vasodilator function
Hodgson, J. M., Puddey, I. B., Burke, V., Watts, G. F., & Beilin, L. J. (2002) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20010120 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Oxidative stress and glaucoma: injury in the anterior segment of the eye
Saccà, S. C., & Izzotti, A. (2008) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(08)01127-8 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Fruit and Vegetables Consumption and Risk of Hypertension: A Meta‐Analysis
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The impact of reactive oxygen species in the development of cardiometabolic disorders: a review
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Tetrahydrobiopterin and Nitric Oxide: Mechanistic and Pharmacological Aspects
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Vitamin E beyond Its Antioxidant Label
Ungurianu, A., Zanfirescu, A., Nițulescu, G., & Margina, D. M. (2021) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox10050634 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Lack of effect of oral vitamin C on blood pressure, oxidative stress and endothelial function in Type II diabetes
Darko, D., Dornhorst, A., Kelly, F. J., Ritter, J. M., & Chowienczyk, P. (2002) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs1030339 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Inflammation in the vascular bed: Importance of vitamin C
Aguirre, R., & May, J. M. (2008) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.05.002 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
Self-citation
Modulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha in cultured primary cells by intracellular ascorbate
Vissers, M. C. M., Gunningham, S. P., Morrison, M. J., Dachs, G. U., & Currie, M. J. (2007) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.11.023 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Oxidative stress and abdominal aortic aneurysm: potential treatment targets
Emeto, T. I., Moxon, J. V., Au, M., & Golledge, J. (2016) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20150547 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Exercise-induced brachial artery vasodilation: role of free radicals
Richardson, R. S., Donato, A. J., Uberoi, A., Wray, D. W., Lawrenson, L., Nishiyama, S. K., & Bailey, D. M. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01045.2006 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Elevated Levels of S -Nitrosoalbumin in Preeclampsia Plasma
Tyurin, V. A., Liu, S.-X., Tyurina, Y. Y., Sussman, N. B., Hubel, C. A., Roberts, J. M., Taylor, R. N., & Kagan, V. E. (2001) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/hh1101.092179 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Influence of vitamin C and vitamin E on redox signaling: implications for exercise adaptations
Cobley, J. N., McHardy, H., Morton, J. P., Nikolaidis, M. G., & Close, G. L. (2015) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.018 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Dietary vitamin C deficiency depresses the growth, head kidney and spleen immunity and structural integrity by regulating NF-κB, TOR, Nrf2, apoptosis and MLCK signaling in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
Xu, H.-J., Jiang, W., Feng, L., Liu, Y., Wu, P., Jiang, J., Kuang, S., Tang, L., Tang, W., Zhang, Y., et al. (2016) · Fish & Shellfish Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.fsi.2016.02.033 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Lowering of oxidative stress improves endothelial function in healthy subjects with habitually low intake of fruit and vegetables: A randomized controlled trial of antioxidant- and polyphenol-rich blackcurrant juice
Khan, F., Ray, S., Craigie, A. M., Kennedy, G., Hill, A., Barton, K., Broughton, J., & Belch, J. J. F. (2014) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2014.04.006 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Rationale and impact of vitamin C in clinical nutrition
McGregor, G. P., & Biesalski, H. K. (2006) · Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care · doi:10.1097/01.mco.0000247478.79779.8f · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Vitamin C prevents hyperoxia-mediated vasoconstriction and impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilation
Mak, S. S., Egri, Z., Tanna, G., Colman, R., & Newton, G. E. (2002) · American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00947.2001 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Effect of vitamin C and vitamin E supplementation on endothelial function: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials
Ashor, A. W., Siervo, M., Lara, J., Oggioni, C., Afshar, S., & Mathers, J. C. (2015) · British Journal Of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114515000227 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Vitamins in human arteriosclerosis with emphasis on vitamin C and vitamin E
Abudu, N., Miller, J. J., Attaelmannan, M., & Levinson, S. S. (2003) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cccn.2003.09.018 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
The SLC23 family of ascorbate transporters: ensuring that you get and keep your daily dose of vitamin C
May, J. M. (2011) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01350.x · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Self-citation
The Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Effects of Camel Milk
Behrouz, S., Saadat, S., Memarzia, A., Sarir, H., Folkerts, G., & Boskabady, M. H. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.855342 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
An overview of ascorbic acid biochemistry
Hacışevki, A. (2009) · Ankara Universitesi Eczacilik Fakultesi Dergisi · doi:10.1501/eczfak_0000000528 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Ascorbate inhibits iNOS expression and preserves vasoconstrictor responsiveness in skeletal muscle of septic mice
Wu, F. Y., Wilson, J. X., & Tyml, K. (2003) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00564.2002 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Protective effect of ascorbic acid on cadmium-induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction in mice
Donpunha, W., Kukongviriyapan, U., Sompamit, K., Pakdeechote, P., Kukongviriyapan, V., & Pannangpetch, P. (2010) · BioMetals · doi:10.1007/s10534-010-9379-0 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Nitric Oxide Is Reduced to HNO by Proton-Coupled Nucleophilic Attack by Ascorbate, Tyrosine, and Other Alcohols. A New Route to HNO in Biological Media?
Suárez, S., Neuman, N. I., Muñoz, M., Álvarez, L., Bikiel, D. E., Brondino, C. D., Ivanović‐Burmazović, I., Miljković, J. L., Filipović, M. R., Marti, M. A., et al. (2015) · Journal of the American Chemical Society · doi:10.1021/ja512343w · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Ascorbic Acid Selectively Improves Large Elastic Artery Compliance in Postmenopausal Women
Moreau, K. L., Gavin, K. M., Plum, A. E., & Seals, D. R. (2005) · Hypertension · doi:10.1161/01.hyp.0000165678.63373.8c · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Ascorbate inhibits NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox expression in microvascular endothelial cells
Wu, F. Y., Schuster, D. P., Tyml, K., & Wilson, J. X. (2006) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2006.10.033 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Vitamin C matters: increased oxidative stress in cultured human aortic endothelial cells without supplemental ascorbic acid
SMITH, A. R. W., Visioli, F., & Hagen, T. M. (2002) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.01-0825fje · Cited by 91 · see citing works
The nitric oxide system in glucocorticoid-induced hypertension
Whitworth, J. A., Schyvens, C. G., Zhang, Y., Andrews, M. C., Mangos, G., & Kelly, J. J. (2002) · Journal of Hypertension · doi:10.1097/00004872-200206000-00003 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Septic impairment of capillary blood flow requires nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase but not nitric oxide synthase and is rapidly reversed by ascorbate through an endothelial nitric oxide synthase-dependent mechanism*
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(2004) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(03)00834-7
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How does ascorbate improve endothelial dysfunction?
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Authors: May, J. M.
Affiliations: Vanderbilt University (US)
Corresponding author: May, James M
ORCID: May, James M
Venue: Free Radical Biology and Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2000-05
Volume: 28
Issue: 9
Pages: 1421-1429
ISSN: 0891-5849 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(00)00269-0
OpenAlex: W2074030075
Cited by: 260
References: 119
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 2.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Free Radical Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK050435, DK-50435)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Vitamin C and Antioxidants Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
Keywords: vitamin C, endothelial dysfunction, nitric oxide, endothelium-dependent vasodilation, antioxidant defense, LDL oxidation, superoxide radical scavenging, S-nitrosothiols, nitrite reduction, endothelial nitric oxide synthase, guanylate cyclase, atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, smoking
MeSH terms: Animals, Antioxidants, Arteriosclerosis, Ascorbic Acid, Coronary Vessels, Endothelium, Vascular, Enzyme Activation, Guanylate Cyclase, Humans, Lipoproteins, LDL, Mercaptoethanol, Nitric Oxide, Nitrites, Nitroso Compounds, Oxidation-Reduction, Rabbits, Sulfhydryl Compounds, Superoxides, Vasodilation, Oxidative Stress, Nitric Oxide Synthase, S-Nitrosothiols, Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III

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How does ascorbic acid prevent endothelial dysfunction?

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