Does the brain shrink as the waist expands?

Willette, Auriel A.; Kapogiannis, Dimitrios

doi:10.1016/j.arr.2014.03.007

Cited by 162Dementia and Cognitive Impairment ResearchNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesCognitive Abilities and Testing

Does the brain shrink as the waist expands?

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Willette, Auriel A., Kapogiannis, Dimitrios·2015·Ageing Research Reviews

DOI 10.1016/j.arr.2014.03.007PMC PMC4538938

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Abstract

Recent studies suggest that being overweight or obese is related to worse cognitive performance, particularly executive function. Obesity may also increase the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Consequently, there has been increasing interest in whether adiposity is related to gray or white matter (GM, WM) atrophy. In this review, we identified and critically evaluated studies assessing obesity and GM or WM volumes either globally or in specific regions of interest (ROIs). Across all ages, higher adiposity was consistently associated with frontal GM atrophy, particularly in prefrontal cortex. In children and adults <40 years of age, most studies found no relationship between adiposity and occipital or parietal GM volumes, whereas findings for temporal lobe were mixed. In middle-aged and aged adults, a majority of studies found that higher adiposity is associated with parietal and temporal GM atrophy, whereas results for precuneus, posterior cingulate, and hippocampus were mixed. Higher adiposity had no clear association with global or regional WM in any age group. We conclude that higher adiposity may be associated with frontal GM atrophy across all ages and parietal and temporal GM atrophy in middle and old age.

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Increasing evidence links adiposity to impaired brain structure, with proof of frontal gray matter atrophy across all ages in patients with excessive body weight.
“Increasing evidence is linking adiposity to impaired brain structure, with proof of frontal gray matter atrophy across all ages in patients with excessive body weight [89,90].”
From Mediterranean diet nutrients to turn the tide against insulin resistance and related diseases (2020) · cites this paper as [89]

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Authors: Willette, A. A., & Kapogiannis, D.
Affiliations: National Institute on Aging (US)
Corresponding author: Kapogiannis, Dimitrios
ORCID: Willette, Auriel A.
Kapogiannis, Dimitrios
Venue: Ageing Research Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2015-03
Volume: 20
Pages: 86-97
ISSN: 1568-1637 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2014.03.007
PMC: PMC4538938
OpenAlex: W2017522259
Cited by: 162
References: 145
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 1
FWCI: 1.65
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Ageing Research Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute on Aging (ZIAAG000975)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Keywords: obesity, adiposity, brain atrophy, gray matter atrophy, white matter, frontal lobe, prefrontal cortex, parietal lobe, temporal lobe, hippocampus, precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex, cognitive aging, Alzheimer's disease risk, executive function, brain volume
MeSH terms: Alzheimer Disease, Atrophy, Brain, Humans, Obesity, Organ Size, Risk Factors, Age Distribution, Adiposity, Executive Function, Functional Neuroimaging

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