Inhibition of Candida auris Biofilm Formation on Medical and Environmental Surfaces by Silver Nanoparticles
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Candida auris is an emerging pathogenic fungus implicated in healthcare-associated outbreaks and causes bloodstream infections associated with high mortality rates. Biofilm formation represents one of the major pathogenetic traits associated with this microorganism. Unlike most other Candida species, C. auris has the ability to survive for weeks on different surfaces. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new effective control strategies to combat the threat of C. auris . Advances in nanotechnologies have emerged that carry significant potential impact against Candida biofilms. We obtained pure round silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) (1 to 3 nm in diameter) using a microwave-assisted synthetic approach. When tested against C. auris, our results indicated a potent inhibitory activity both on biofilm formation (half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) of 0.06 ppm) and against preformed biofilms (IC 50 of 0.48 ppm). Scanning electron microscopy images of AgNP-treated biofilms showed cell wall damage mostly by disruption and distortion of the outer surface of the fungal cell wall. In subsequent experiments AgNPs were used to functionalize medical and environmental surfaces. Silicone elastomers functionalized with AgNPs demonstrated biofilm inhibition (>50%) at relatively low concentrations (2.3 to 0.28 ppm). Bandage dressings loaded with AgNPs inhibited growth of C. auris biofilms by more than 80% (2.3 to 0.017 ppm). Also, to demonstrate long-lasting protection, dressings loaded with AgNPs (0.036 ppm) were washed thoroughly with phosphate-buffered saline, maintaining protection against the C. auris growth from cycles 1 to 3 (>80% inhibition) and from cycles 4 to 6 (>50% inhibition). Our results demonstrate the dose-dependent activity of AgNPs against biofilms formed by C. auris on both medical (silicone elastomer) and environmental (bandage fibers) surfaces. The AgNPs-functionalized fibers retain the fungicidal effect even after repeated thorough washes. Overall these results point to the utility of silver nanoparticles to prevent and control infections caused by this emerging pathogenic fungus.
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Initial experiments demonstrated increased activity of AgNPs against C. albicans, including preformed biofilms, and most recently this research has expanded to other Candida spp., particularly C. auris.
“While initial experiments demonstrated the increased activity of AgNPs against C. albicans, including preformed biofilms [76,77], most recently this research has also expanded to other Candida spp., and in particular C. auris [78,79].”
From Antifungal therapy of Candida biofilms: Past, present and future (2023) · cites this paper as [78]
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- [22]Lara HH; Romero-Urbina DG; Pierce C; Lopez-Ribot JL; Arellano-Jiménez MJ; Jose-Yacaman M Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Candida Albicans Biofilms: An Ultrastructural Study. J. Nanobiotechnology 2015, 13 (1), 91. 26666378 PMC4678641
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- Authors
- Lara, H. H., Ixtepan-Turrent, L., Jose Yacaman, M., & Lopez-Ribot, J.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas at San Antonio (US)
- University of Monterrey (MX)
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, Northern Arizona University, 700 South Osborne Drive, Flagstaff, Arizona 86011, United States
- Corresponding author
- Lara, Humberto H.
- Venue
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2020-01-16
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 19
- Pages
- 21183-21191
- ISSN
- 1944-8244 (ISSN-L)
- 1944-8252
- PMC
- PMC8243355
- OpenAlex
- W2999173262
- Cited by
- 116
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 13
- FWCI
- 2.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research (R01DE023510)
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI119554)
- Margaret Batts Tobin Foundation
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Keywords
- Candida auris, biofilm inhibition, silver nanoparticles, microwave-assisted synthesis, medical device surfaces, environmental surfaces, fungal cell wall damage, fungicidal activity, healthcare-associated fungal infections, surface functionalization
- MeSH terms
- Antifungal Agents, Bandages, Candida, Disinfectants, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Silicones, Silver, Textiles, Biofilms, Elastomers, Metal Nanoparticles
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