Rate of depurination of native deoxyribonucleic acid

Lindahl, Tomas, Nyberg, Barbro·1972·Biochemistry

Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRate of depurination of native deoxyribonucleic acidTomas Lindahl and Barbro NybergCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 19, 3610–3618Publication Date (Print):September 12, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 12 September 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00769a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views3830Altmetric-Citations1071LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1021/bi00769a018

Cites

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Instability and decay of the primary structure of DNA
Lindahl, T. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/362709a0 · Cited by 5,679
Self-citation
High diversity in DNA of soil bacteria
Torsvik, V, Goksøyr, J., & Daae, F. L. (1990) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.56.3.782-787.1990 · Cited by 1,740
Endogenous DNA damage as a source of genomic instability in cancer
Tubbs, A., & Nussenzweig, A. (2017) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2017.01.002 · Cited by 1,452
Desiccation tolerance of prokaryotes
Potts, M. (1994) · Microbiological Reviews · doi:10.1128/mr.58.4.755-805.1994 · Cited by 1,382
Surviving the Acid Test: Responses of Gram-Positive Bacteria to Low pH
Cotter, P. D., & Hill, C. (2003) · Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews · doi:10.1128/mmbr.67.3.429-453.2003 · Cited by 1,379
Genetic analyses from ancient DNA
Pääbo, S., Poinar, H., Serre, D., Jaenicke-Després, V., Hebler, J., Rohland, N., Kuch, M., Krause, J., Vigilant, L., & Hofreiter, M. (2004) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.genet.37.110801.143214 · Cited by 1,333
PCR amplification of up to 35-kb DNA with high fidelity and high yield from lambda bacteriophage templates.
Barnes, W. M. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.6.2216 · Cited by 1,034
MUTAGENESIS BY APURINIC/APYRIMIDINIC SITES
Loeb, L. A., & Preston, B. D. (1986) · Annual Review of Genetics · doi:10.1146/annurev.ge.20.120186.001221 · Cited by 901
Temperature dependence of metabolic rates for microbial growth, maintenance, and survival
Price, P. B., & Sowers, T. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0400522101 · Cited by 816
Second pathway for completion of human DNA base excision-repair: reconstitution with purified proteins and requirement for DNase IV (FEN1)
Klungland, A. (1997) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/16.11.3341 · Cited by 788
Robust Chemical Preservation of Digital Information on DNA in Silica with Error-Correcting Codes
Grass, R. N., Heckel, R., Puddu, M., Paunescu, D., & Stark, W. J. (2015) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201411378 · Cited by 754
Correlation Between Deoxyribonucleic Acid Excision-Repair and Life-Span in a Number of Mammalian Species
Hart, R. W., & Setlow, R. B. (1974) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.71.6.2169 · Cited by 739
Repair of Endogenous DNA Damage
LINDAHL, T., & BARNES, D. E. (2000) · Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology · doi:10.1101/sqb.2000.65.127 · Cited by 714
Self-citation
Interfaces Between the Detection, Signaling, and Repair of DNA Damage
Rouse, J., & Jackson, S. P. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1074740 · Cited by 694
Rate and molecular spectrum of spontaneous mutations in the bacterium Escherichia coli as determined by whole-genome sequencing
Lee, H., Popodi, E., Tang, H., & Foster, P. L. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1210309109 · Cited by 681
Stress responses in lactic acid bacteria
van de Guchte, M., Serror, P., Chervaux, C., Smokvina, T., Ehrlich, S. D., & Maguin, E. (2002) · Antonie van Leeuwenhoek · doi:10.1023/a:1020631532202 · Cited by 648
The half-life of DNA in bone: measuring decay kinetics in 158 dated fossils
Allentoft, M. E., Collins, M., Harker, D., Haile, J., Oskam, C. L., Hale, M. L., Campos, P. F., Samaniego, J. A., Gilbert, M. T. P., Willerslev, E., et al. (2012) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.1745 · Cited by 633
The contribution of endogenous sources of DNA damage to the multiple mutations in cancer
Jackson, A. L., & Loeb, L. A. (2001) · Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/s0027-5107(01)00091-4 · Cited by 630
Heat-induced deamination of cytosine residues in deoxyribonucleic acid
Lindahl, T., & Nyberg, B. (1974) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00713a035 · Cited by 613
Self-citation
Rate of chain breakage at apurinic sites in double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid
Lindahl, T., & Andersson, A. (1972) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00769a019 · Cited by 591
Self-citation
The molecular biology of cancer
Bertram, J. S. (2000) · Molecular Aspects of Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0098-2997(00)00007-8 · Cited by 585
Deoxycytidyl transferase activity of yeast REV1 protein
Nelson, J. R., Lawrence, C. W., & Hinkle, D. C. (1996) · Nature · doi:10.1038/382729a0 · Cited by 572
Sequence Artifacts in DNA from Formalin-Fixed Tissues: Causes and Strategies for Minimization
Do, H., & Dobrovic, A. (2015) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1373/clinchem.2014.223040 · Cited by 572
Ancient DNA Damage
Dabney, J., Meyer, M., & Paabo, S. (2013) · Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology · doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a012567 · Cited by 541
Cloning and expression of APE, the cDNA encoding the major human apurinic endonuclease: definition of a family of DNA repair enzymes.
Demple, B., Herman, T., & Chen, D. S. (1991) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.88.24.11450 · Cited by 537
Going APE over ref-1
Evans, A. R., Limp-Foster, M., & Kelley, M. R. (2000) · Mutation Research/DNA Repair · doi:10.1016/s0921-8777(00)00046-x · Cited by 532
Abasic sites in DNA: repair and biological consequences in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Boiteux, S., & Guillet, M. (2004) · DNA Repair · doi:10.1016/j.dnarep.2003.10.002 · Cited by 502
Mechanisms and Consequences of Double‐Strand DNA Break Formation in Chromatin
Cannan, W. J., & Pederson, D. S. (2016) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.25048 · Cited by 499
“Most of these endogenously-generated ROS are neutralized, but enough escape to generate roughly 10,000 oxidative base lesions and another 10,000 base loss events per cell per day (Lindahl and Nyberg, 1972; Fraga et al., 1990 and reviewed in Friedberg et al., 2005).”
Background
The dental plaque biofilm matrix
Jakubovics, N. S., Goodman, S. D., Mashburn‐Warren, L., Stafford, G. P., & Cieplik, F. (2021) · Periodontology 2000 · doi:10.1111/prd.12361 · Cited by 488
DNA DAMAGE AND REPAIR IN PLANTS
Britt, A. B. (1996) · Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.arplant.47.1.75 · Cited by 486
An Overview of Chemical Processes That Damage Cellular DNA: Spontaneous Hydrolysis, Alkylation, and Reactions with Radicals
Gates, K. S. (2009) · Chemical Research in Toxicology · doi:10.1021/tx900242k · Cited by 484
The p53 network: cellular and systemic DNA damage responses in aging and Cancer
Reinhardt, H. C., & Schumacher, B. (2012) · Trends in Genetics · doi:10.1016/j.tig.2011.12.002 · Cited by 458
XRCC1 coordinates the initial and late stages of DNA abasic site repair through protein-protein interactions
Vidal, A. E. (2001) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/20.22.6530 · Cited by 458
The genomics of oxidative DNA damage, repair, and resulting mutagenesis
Poetsch, A. R. (2020) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2019.12.013 · Cited by 420
The major human abasic endonuclease: formation, consequences and repair of abasic lesions in DNA
Wilson, D. M., & Barsky, D. (2001) · Mutation Research/DNA Repair · doi:10.1016/s0921-8777(01)00063-5 · Cited by 408
DNA topoisomerase II, genotoxicity, and cancer
McClendon, A. K., & Osheroff, N. (2007) · Mutation Research - Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.06.009 · Cited by 406
Life under extreme energy limitation: a synthesis of laboratory- and field-based investigations
Lever, M. A., Rogers, K. L., Lloyd, K. G., Overmann, J., Schink, B., Thauer, R. K., Hoehler, T. M., & Jørgensen, B. B. (2015) · FEMS Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1093/femsre/fuv020 · Cited by 378
Natural Transfer of Viable Microbes in Space 1. From Mars to Earth and Earth to Mars
Mileikowsky, C. (2000) · Icarus · doi:10.1006/icar.1999.6317 · Cited by 370
Mutational specificity of depurination.
Kunkel, T. A. (1984) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.81.5.1494 · Cited by 360
A 2-million-year-old ecosystem in Greenland uncovered by environmental DNA
Kjær, K. H., Winther Pedersen, M., De Sanctis, B., De Cahsan, B., Korneliussen, T. S., Michelsen, C. S., Sand, K. K., Jelavić, S., Ruter, A. H., Schmidt, A. M. A., et al. (2022) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-022-05453-y · Cited by 341
The crystal structure of the human DNA repair endonuclease HAP1 suggests the recognition of extra-helical deoxyribose at DNA abasic sites
Gorman, M. A. (1997) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/16.21.6548 · Cited by 323
Insertion of nucleotides opposite apurinic apyrimidinic sites in deoxyribonucleic acid during in vitro synthesis: uniqueness of adenine nucleotides
Sagher, D., & Strauss, B. (1983) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi00288a026 · Cited by 320
Advances in Chemical Carcinogenesis: A Historical Review and Prospective
Loeb, L. A., & Harris, C. C. (2008) · Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-2852 · Cited by 317
Calorie restriction lowers body temperature in rhesus monkeys, consistent with a postulated anti-aging mechanism in rodents.
Lane, M. A., Baer, D. J., Rumpler, W. V., Weindruch, R., Ingram, D. K., Tilmont, E. M., Cutler, R. G., & Roth, G. S. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.9.4159 · Cited by 313
Spontaneous sister chromatid exchanges detected by a BUdR-labelling method
KATO, H. (1974) · Nature · doi:10.1038/251070a0 · Cited by 307
Infidelity of DNA synthesis associated with bypass of apurinic sites.
Schaaper, R. M., Kunkel, T. A., & Loeb, L. A. (1983) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.80.2.487 · Cited by 305
Protein sequences bound to mineral surfaces persist into deep time
Demarchi, B., Hall, S., Roncal-Herrero, T., Freeman, C. L., Woolley, J., Crisp, M. K., Wilson, J., Fotakis, A., Fischer, R., Kessler, B. M., et al. (2016) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.17092 · Cited by 279
Isolation of nucleic acids and cultures from fossil ice and permafrost
Willerslev, E., Hansen, A. J., & Poinar, H. N. (2004) · Trends in Ecology & Evolution · doi:10.1016/j.tree.2003.11.010 · Cited by 278
Two distinct human DNA diesterases that hydrolyze 3′-blocking deoxyribose fragments from oxidized DNA
Chen, D. S., Herman, T., & Demple, B. (1991) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/19.21.5907 · Cited by 270
The thermal history of human fossils and the likelihood of successful DNA amplification
Smith, C. I., Chamberlain, A. T., Riley, M. S., Stringer, C., & Collins, M. J. (2003) · Journal of Human Evolution · doi:10.1016/s0047-2484(03)00106-4 · Cited by 268
New class of enzymes acting on damaged DNA
LINDAHL, T. (1976) · Nature · doi:10.1038/259064a0 · Cited by 261
Self-citation
Breaking through the acid barrier: An orchestrated response to proton stress by enteric bacteria
Audia, J. P., Webb, C. C., & Foster, J. W. (2001) · International Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1078/1438-4221-00106 · Cited by 258
Freshly excavated fossil bones are best for amplification of ancient DNA
Pruvost, M., Schwarz, R., Correia, V. B., Champlot, S., Braguier, S., Morel, N., Fernandez-Jalvo, Y., Grange, T., & Geigl, E.-M. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0610257104 · Cited by 226
The role of free radicals in the aging brain and Parkinson’s Disease: Convergence and parallelism
Kumar, H., Lim, H.-W., More, S. V., Kim, B.-W., Koppula, S., Kim, I. S., & Choi, D.-K. (2012) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms130810478 · Cited by 212
Mitochondrial DNA damage and its consequences for mitochondrial gene expression
Cline, S. D. (2012) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Regulatory Mechanisms · doi:10.1016/j.bbagrm.2012.06.002 · Cited by 203
Safety considerations of DNA in food
Jonas, D. A., Elmadfa, I., Engel, K.-H., Heller, K. J., Kozianowski, G., König, A., Müller, D., Narbonne, J. F., Wackernagel, W., & Kleiner, J. (2001) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000046734 · Cited by 187
Chain and conformation stability of solid-state DNA: implications for room temperature storage
Bonnet, J., Colotte, M., Coudy, D., Couallier, V., Portier, J., Morin, B., & Tuffet, S. (2010) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkp1060 · Cited by 182
Selective prebiotic formation of RNA pyrimidine and DNA purine nucleosides
Xu, J., Chmela, V., Green, N. J., Russell, D. A., Janicki, M. J., Góra, R. W., Szabla, R., Bond, A. D., & Sutherland, J. D. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2330-9 · Cited by 176
Hydrothermal Reactions of Biomolecules Relevant for Microalgae Liquefaction
Changi, S. M., Faeth, J. L., Mo, N., & Savage, P. E. (2015) · Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research · doi:10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02771 · Cited by 175
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of ROS: New Insights on Aging and Aging‐Related Diseases from Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic Model Organisms
Santos, A. L., Sinha, S., & Lindner, A. B. (2018) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2018/1941285 · Cited by 168
A systematic CRISPR screen defines mutational mechanisms underpinning signatures caused by replication errors and endogenous DNA damage
Zou, X., Koh, G. C. C., Nanda, A. S., Degasperi, A., Urgo, K., Roumeliotis, T. I., Agu, C. A., Badja, C., Momen, S., Young, J., et al. (2021) · Nature Cancer · doi:10.1038/s43018-021-00200-0 · Cited by 164
NMR Structures of Damaged DNA
Lukin, M., & de los Santos, C. (2006) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr0404646 · Cited by 158
Preservation of DNA
Anchordoquy, T. J., & Molina, M. C. (2007) · Cell Preservation Technology · doi:10.1089/cpt.2007.0511 · Cited by 105
Protection and Deprotection of DNA—High‐Temperature Stability of Nucleic Acid Barcodes for Polymer Labeling
Paunescu, D., Fuhrer, R., & Grass, R. N. (2013) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201208135 · Cited by 104
Combining Data Longevity with High Storage Capacity—Layer‐by‐Layer DNA Encapsulated in Magnetic Nanoparticles
Chen, W. D., Kohll, A. X., Nguyen, B. H., Koch, J., Heckel, R., Stark, W. J., Ceze, L., Strauss, K., & Grass, R. N. (2019) · Advanced Functional Materials · doi:10.1002/adfm.201901672 · Cited by 104
Next-generation DNA damage sequencing
Mingard, C., Wu, J., McKeague, M., & Sturla, S. J. (2020) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/d0cs00647e · Cited by 92
Sequencing abasic sites in DNA at single-nucleotide resolution
Liu, Z. J., Martínez Cuesta, S., van Delft, P., & Balasubramanian, S. (2019) · Nature Chemistry · doi:10.1038/s41557-019-0279-9 · Cited by 83
Does aspartic acid racemization constrain the depth limit of the subsurface biosphere?
Onstott, T. C., Magnabosco, C., Aubrey, A. D., Burton, A. S., Dworkin, J. P., Elsila, J. E., Grunsfeld, S., Cao, B. H., Hein, J. E., Glavin, D. P., et al. (2014) · Geobiology · doi:10.1111/gbi.12069 · Cited by 67
An Empirical Comparison of Preservation Methods for Synthetic DNA Data Storage
Organick, L., Nguyen, B. H., McAmis, R., Chen, W. D., Kohll, A. X., Ang, S. D., Grass, R. N., Ceze, L., & Strauss, K. (2021) · Small Methods · doi:10.1002/smtd.202001094 · Cited by 67
“The ﬁve data points in blue are shown as a comparison to other reported DNA preservation results in literature (DNAshell technology from Imagene 10 , Moa bone 11 , calcium chloride 6 , silica 7 , in solution 12 ).”
Result
Stabilizing synthetic DNA for long-term data storage with earth alkaline salts
Kohll, A. X., Antkowiak, P. L., Chen, W. D., Nguyen, B. H., Stark, W. J., Ceze, L., Strauss, K., & Grass, R. N. (2020) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/d0cc00222d · Cited by 66
Abasic and oxidized ribonucleotides embedded in DNA are processed by human APE1 and not by RNase H2
Malfatti, M. C., Balachander, S., Antoniali, G., Koh, K. D., Saint-Pierre, C., Gasparutto, D., Chon, H., Crouch, R. J., Storici, F., & Tell, G. (2017) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/gkx723 · Cited by 59
Substrate specificity of ultraviolet DNA endonuclease (UVDE/Uve1p) from Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Avery, A. M., Kaur, B., Taylor, J.-S., Mello, J. A., Essigmann, J. M., & Doetsch, P. W. (1999) · Nucleic Acids Research · doi:10.1093/nar/27.11.2256 · Cited by 54
Implications of subzero metabolic activity on long-term microbial survival in terrestrial and extraterrestrial permafrost
Amato, P., Doyle, S. M., Battista, J. R., & Christner, B. C. (2010) · Astrobiology · doi:10.1089/ast.2010.0477 · Cited by 45
Appearance and repair of apurinic/apyrimidinic sites in DNA during early germination of Zea mays
Dandoy, E., Schnys, R., Deltour, R., & Verly, W. G. (1987) · Mutation Research · doi:10.1016/0027-5107(87)90287-9 · Cited by 46
Polyamines protect nucleic acids against depurination
Terui, Y., Yoshida, T., Sakamoto, A., Saito, D., Oshima, T., Kawazoe, M., Yokoyama, S., Igarashi, K., & Kashiwagi, K. (2018) · The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2018.04.008 · Cited by 44
Multi-Proxy Characterisation of the Storegga Tsunami and Its Impact on the Early Holocene Landscapes of the Southern North Sea
Gaffney, V., Fitch, S., Bates, M., Ware, R. L., Kinnaird, T., Gearey, B., Hill, T., Telford, R., Batt, C., Stern, B., et al. (2020) · Geosciences · doi:10.3390/geosciences10070270 · Cited by 33
Length‐dependent DNA degradation kinetic model: Decay compensation in DNA tracer concentration measurements
Mikutis, G., Schmid, L., Stark, W. J., & Grass, R. N. (2019) · AIChE Journal · doi:10.1002/aic.16433 · Cited by 32
Preservation of DNA for Data Storage
Tan, X., Ge, L., Zhang, T., & Lu, Z. (2021) · Russian Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1070/rcr4994 · Cited by 31
Non-bulky Lesions in Human DNA: The Ways of Formation, Repair, and Replication
Ignatov, А. V., Bondarenko, K. A., & Makarova, A. V. (2017) · Acta Naturae · doi:10.32607/20758251-2017-9-3-12-26 · Cited by 31
Formation of Abasic Oligomers in Nonenzymatic Polymerization of Canonical Nucleotides
Mungi, C. V., Bapat, N. V., Hongo, Y., & Rajamani, S. (2019) · Life · doi:10.3390/life9030057 · Cited by 17
A Characterization of the DNA Data Storage Channel
Heckel, R., Mikutis, G., & Grass, R. N. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-45832-6 · Cited by 9
Ribonucleotide errors, RNase HII, and ribonucleotide excision repair
Cresti, J. R., & Simmons, L. A. (2026) · Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1080/10409238.2026.2704628
“…repair (BER) and can occur via spontaneous depurination about 10,000 times per genome in mammalian cells each day but is likely to occur frequently with a ribose sugar as well (Lindahl and Nyberg 1972; Randerath et al. 1992; Küpfer and Leumann 2007; Moreira et al. 2008; Malfatti et al. 2017).”

Authors: Lindahl, T., & Nyberg, B.
Venue: Biochemistry
Publisher: American Chemical Society (ACS)
Published: 1972-09-12
Volume: 11
Issue: 19
Pages: 3610-3618
ISSN: 0006-2960 (ISSN-L)
1520-4995
DOI: 10.1021/bi00769a018
OpenAlex: W2084695608
Cited by: 1,556
References: 0
FWCI: 6.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.

Rate of depurination of native deoxyribonucleic acid

Abstract

Overview

Integrity signals

Verification

Claims the paper makes

Self-check

Citations

Cited by

Metadata

Record

About these checks

Data sources