CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 249Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderDevelopmental and Educational NeuropsychologyNeural and Behavioral Psychology Studies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The ADHD Response-Inhibition Deficit as Measured by the Stop Task: Replication with DSM–IV Combined Type, Extension, and Qualification

Nigg, Joel T.·1999·Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
DOI 10.1023/a:1021980002473
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Although response inhibition has been proposed as a core element of child attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the literature is heavily reliant on studies using DSM-III-R diagnostic criteria, older methods of measuring response inhibition, samples of boys, and failing to control thoroughly for comorbid problems--both as diagnoses and as subclinical variation. The present study replicated a deficit in response inhibition in the ADHD combined type (DSM-IV, American Psychiatric Association, 1994) using samples matched on age and sex. The study replicated an effect size of approximately d = .6 in boys with ADHD, and observed an even larger effect size for girls, although the Sex x Group interaction was nonsignificant. Children with ADHD also had problems with response output, shown by variable responding. Excluding comorbid conduct disorder, reading disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, major depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder from the sample did not alter the results. Correlations indicated that response inhibition was associated with both attentional problems and reading level. Covarying for reading problems did not eliminate the ADHD group effect, but the association of response inhibition with reading clearly requires further examination. Overall, the study supported the role of response inhibition in the DSM-IV ADHD combined type, but with key qualifications as to degree of specificity in reference both to comorbid problems and other executive functions.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1023/a:1021980002473

Cites

6 of 6 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • Reaction time variability correlates with measures of behavioral inattention, and in a minority of studies also with hyperactivity-impulsivity.

    “Where relations between RTV and the ADHD symptom domains have been examined, RTV has correlated with measures of behavioral inattention [48,52,53] but has also been found to correlate with hyperactivityimpulsivity in a minority of studies”

    From Reaction Time Variability in ADHD: A Review (2012) · cites this paper as [48]

  • Research on reaction time variability and ADHD symptom domains or subtypes has not convincingly associated reaction time variability with either symptom domain or any specific symptom, although relations with inattention are more consistent.

    “Research examining relations between RTV and the ADHD symptom domains or ADHD subtypes has not been convincingly associated with either ADHD symptom domain or any specific ADHD symptoms, although relations between RTV and inattention seem to be more consistent in the literature [48,52,53].”

    From Reaction Time Variability in ADHD: A Review (2012) · cites this paper as [48]

  • The commonality between motor response selection and response inhibition is reflected in executive deficits associated with ADHD, where impairments in both motor response inhibition and motor response selection/execution are observed.

    “The commonality between motor response selection and response inhibition is further reflected in the executive deficits associated with ADHD, where impairments in both motor response inhibition (Aron & Poldrack, 2005; Barkley, 1997; Nigg, 1999) and motor response selection/execution (Banaschewski et al., 2004; Ben-Pazi et al., 2003; Rubia et al., 2003) are observed.”

    From Meta-analysis of Go/No-go tasks demonstrating that fMRI activation associated with response inhibition is task-dependent (2008) · cites this paper as Nigg, 1999

Citations

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 41

  1. Achenbach, T. M. (1991). Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist/4–18 and 1991 Profile. Burlington: University of Vermont, Department of Psychiatry.
  2. Aman, C. J., Roberts, R. J., & Pennington, B. F. (1998). A neuropsychological examination of the underlying deficit in ADHD: The frontal lobe versus right parietal lobe theories. Developmental Psychology, 34, 956–969. · DOI
  3. American Psychiatric Association. (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.
  4. Arnold, L. E. (1996). Sex differences in ADHD: Conference summary. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 555–569. · DOI
  5. Biederman, J., Newcorn, J., & Sprich, S. (1991). Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct, depressive, anxiety, and other disorders. American Journal of Psychiatry, 148. 564–577. · DOI · Paper page
  6. Chapman, L. J., & Chapman, J. P. (1978). The measurement of differential deficit. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 14, 303–311. · DOI
  7. Chelune, G. J., Ferguson, W., Koon, R., & Dickey, T. O. (1986). Frontal lobe disinhibition in attention deficit disorder. Child Psychiatry and Human Development, 16, 221–234. · DOI
  8. Chen, W. J., Faraone, S. V, Biederman, J., & Tsuang, M. T. (1994). Diagnostic accuracy of the Child Behavior Checklist Scales for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A reciever-operating characteristics analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62, 1017–1025. · DOI
  9. Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  10. Ernst, M., Liebenauer, L. L., King, C., Fitzgerald, G. A., Cohen, R. M., & Zametkin, A. J. (1994). Reduced brain metabolism in hyperactive girls. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 33, 858–868. · DOI
  11. Eysenck, H. J., & Eysenck, M. W. (1985). Personality and individual differences: A natural science approach. New York: Plenum. · DOI · Paper page
  12. Farrington, D. P., Loeber, R., & van Kammen, W. B. (1990). Long term criminal outcomes of hyperactivity-impulsivity-attention deficit and conduct problems in childhood. In L. Robins & M. Rutter. (Eds.), Straight and devious pathways from childhood to adulthood (pp. 62–81). New York: Cambridge University Press.
  13. Goodman, S. H., Lahey, B. B., Fielding, B., Dulcan, M., Narrow, W., & Regier, D. (1997). Representativeness of clinical samples of youths with mental disorders: A preliminary population-based study. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 3–14. · DOI
  14. Hinshaw, S. P. (1987). On the distinction between attentional deficits/ hyperactivity and conduct problems/aggression in child psychopathology. Psychological Bulletin, 101, 443–463. · DOI
  15. Hinshaw, S. P. (1992). Externalizing behavior problems and academic underachievement in childhood and adolescence: Causal relationships and underlying mechanisms. Psychological Bulletin, 111, 127–155. · DOI
  16. Hinshaw, S. P., March, J. S., Abikoff, H., Arnold, L. E., Cantwell, D. P., Conners, C. K., Elliot, G. R., Halperin, J., Greenhill, L. L., Hechtman, L. T., Hoza, B., Jensen, P. S., Newcorn, J. H., McBurnett, K., Pelham, W. E., Richters, J. E., Severe, J. B., Schiller, E., Swanson, J., Vereen, D., Wells, K., & Wigal, T. (1997). Comprehensive assessment of childhood attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in the context of a multisite, multimodal clinical trial. Journal of Attention Disordrs, 1, 217–234. · DOI
  17. Iaboni, F., Douglas, V. L, & Baker, A. G. (1995). Effects of reward and response costs on inhibition in ADHD children. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 104, 232–240. · DOI
  18. James, A., & Taylor, E. (1990). Sex differences in the hyperkinetic syndrome of childhood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 31, 437–446. · DOI
  19. Kenrick, D. T., & Funder, D. C. (1988). Profiting from controversy: Lessons from the person-situation debate. American Psychologist, 43, 23–34. · DOI
  20. Klein, R. G., & Mannuzza, S. (1991). Long-term outcome of hyperactive children: A review. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 30, 383–387. · DOI
  21. Kosten, T. A., & Rounsaville, B. J. (1992). Sensitivity of psychiatric diagnosis based on the best estimate procedure. American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 1225–1227. · DOI
  22. Logan, G. D. (1994). A users guide to the stop signal paradigm. In D. Dagenbach and T. H. Carr (Eds.), Inhibitory processes in attention, memory, and language (pp. 189–239). San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
  23. Logan, G. D., Schachar, R. J., & Tannock, R. (1997). Impulsivity and inhibitory control. Psychological Science, 8, 60–64. · DOI
  24. Mezzacappa, E., Kindlon, D., Saul, J. P., & Earls, F. (1998). Executive and motivational control of performance task behavior and autonomic heartrate regulation in children: Physiologic validation of two-factor solution inhibitory control. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, 525–531.
  25. Milich R., & Kramer, J. (1984). Reflections on impulsivity: An empirical investigation of impulsivity as a construct. In K. Gadow & I. Bialer (Eds.), Advancesin learning and behavioral disabilities (Vol. 3, pp. 57–94). Greenwich, CT: JAI.
  26. Oosterlaan, J., Logan, G. D., & Sergeant, J. A. (1998). Response inhibition in ADHD, CD, comorbid ADHD + CD, anxious, and normal children: A meta-analysis of studies with the stop task. Journal of Child Psychiatry and Psychology, 39, 411–426.
  27. Oosterlaan, J., & Sergeant, J. A. (1996). Inhibition in ADHD, aggressive, and anxious children: A biologically based model of child psychopathology. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 19–36. · DOI
  28. Parasuraman, R., Warm, J., & See, J. (1998). Brain systems of vigilance. In R. Parasuraman (Ed.), The attentive brain (pp. 221–256). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  29. Pliszka, S. R., Borcherding, S. H., Spratley, K., Leon, S., & Irick, S. (1997). Measuring inhibitory control in children. Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 18, 254–259. · DOI · Paper page
  30. Quay, H. C. (1988). Attention-deficit disorder and the behavioral inhibition system: The relevance of the neuropsychological theory of Jeffrey A. Gray. In L. M. Bloomingdale & J. Sergeant (Eds.), Attention-deficit disorder: Criteria, cognition, intervention (pp. 117–126). New York: Pergamon.
  31. Quay, H. C. (1997). Inhibition and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 25, 7–13. · DOI
  32. Sattler, J. M. (1992). Assessment of children: Revised and updated. (3rd ed.). San Diego, CA: Author.
  33. Schachar, R., & Logan, G. D. (1990). Impulsivity and inhibitory control in normal development and childhood psychopathology. Developmental Psychology, 26, 710–720. · DOI
  34. Schachar, R., Tannock, R., Marriott, M., & Logan, G. D. (1995). Deficient inhibitory control and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 23, 411–437. · DOI
  35. Schwab-Stone, M. E., Shaffer, D., Dulcan, M. K., Jensen, P. S., Fisher, P., Bird, H. R., Goodman, S. H., Lahey, B. B., Lichtman, J. H., Canino, G., Rubio-Stipec, M., & Rae, D. S. (1996). Criterion validity of the NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version 2.3 (DISC-2.3). Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 35, 878–888. · DOI
  36. Shaffer, D., Fisher, P., & Lucas, C. (1997). NIMH Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children-IV. New York: Ruane Center for Early Diagnosis, Division of Child Psychiatry, Columbia University.
  37. Swanson, J. M. (1992). School based assessments and interventions for ADD students. Irvine, CA: K.C. Publications.
  38. Tannock, R. (1998). Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Advances in cognitive, neurobiological, and genetic research. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39, 65–99. · DOI
  39. Tannock, R., & Marriott, M. (1992). Learning disabilities: Converging evidence of deficits in inhibitory processes. Proceedings of the 39th annual meeting of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 8, 89.
  40. Wechsler, D. (1991). Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (3rd ed.).San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.
  41. Wechsler, D. (1992). Wechsler Individual Achievement Test. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corporation.

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Nigg, J. T.
Affiliations
Michigan State University (US)
Corresponding author
Nigg, Joel T.
ORCID
Nigg, Joel T.
Venue
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
1999-10
Volume
27
Issue
5
Pages
393-402
ISSN
  • 0091-0627 (ISSN-L)
  • 1573-2835
DOI
10.1023/a:1021980002473
OpenAlex
W243090151
Cited by
249
References
6
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 11
FWCI
4.96
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Eli Lilly and Company
  • Michigan State University
  • National Institutes of Health (1r03mh057244-01)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (R03-MH57244)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Keywords
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, response inhibition, stop-signal task, replication, comorbidities, executive function, sex differences, reading level, attention deficits, children
MeSH terms
Analysis of Variance, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Female, Humans, Inhibition, Psychological, Male, Models, Psychological, Reaction Time, Regression Analysis, Single-Blind Method

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review