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Cited by 284Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ResearchAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research

Cognitive vulnerabilities to the development of PTSD: a review of four vulnerabilities and the proposal of an integrative vulnerability model

Elwood, Lisa S., Hahn, Kathryn S., Olatunji, Bunmi O., Williams, Nathan L.·2009·Clinical Psychology Review
DOI 10.1016/j.cpr.2008.10.002
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Abstract

While some individuals develop PTSD subsequent to traumatic experiences, many individuals resume prior functioning naturally. Diathesis-stress models suggest that stable individual differences present in individuals prior to trauma may serve as vulnerability factors to symptom development. The high levels of comorbidity and symptom similarity suggest that established vulnerability factors for anxiety and depression may also serve as vulnerability factors for PTSD. The examination of multiple vulnerability factors simultaneously may increase understanding of the etiology of PTSD and comorbid post-trauma symptomatology and account for a greater percentage of variance in PTSD symptoms. In addition, the vulnerability factors may be related to distinct sets of symptoms, with vulnerabilities predicting the PTSD symptoms most similar to their associated disorders. Research examining the relations between attributional style, rumination, anxiety sensitivity, and the looming cognitive style and the development of PTSD after trauma exposure is reviewed and suggestions for future research are provided.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.cpr.2008.10.002

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213 of 213 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • The usual categorization of sex and gender either as a diathesis or as a risk factor is an oversimplification because sex/gender exerts its combined effects through a relatively large number of mediating factors.

    “One complexity is the usual categorization of sex and gender either as a diathesis or as a risk factor (136), but this is an oversimplification because sex/gender exerts its combined effects through a relatively large number of mediating factors (136).”

    From Where Sex Meets Gender: How Sex and Gender Come Together to Cause Sex Differences in Mental Illness (2022) · cites this paper as [136]

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Authors
Elwood, L. S., Hahn, K. S., Olatunji, B. O., & Williams, N. L.
Affiliations
  • University of Missouri–St. Louis (US)
  • University of Mississippi Medical Center (US)
  • Vanderbilt University (US)
  • University of Arkansas at Fayetteville (US)
Corresponding author
Elwood, Lisa S.
ORCID
Olatunji, Bunmi O.
Venue
Clinical Psychology Review
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2009-02
Volume
29
Issue
1
Pages
87-100
ISSN
0272-7358 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.cpr.2008.10.002
OpenAlex
W2032402223
Cited by
284
References
200
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 32 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 15
FWCI
1.89
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Clinical Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychoanalysis and Psychopathology Research
Keywords
post-traumatic stress disorder, cognitive vulnerability, diathesis-stress model, vulnerability factors, attributional style, rumination, anxiety sensitivity, comorbidities, PTSD etiology, trauma exposure
MeSH terms
Affect, Cognition, Humans, Risk Factors, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic, Comorbidity

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