Measuring Working Memory Is All Fun and Games: A Four-Dimensional Spatial Game Predicts Cognitive Task Performance

Atkins, Sharona M.; Sprenger, Amber M.; Colflesh, Gregory J. H.; Briner, Timothy L.; Buchanan, Jacob B.; Chavis, Sydnee E.; Chen, Sy-yu; Iannuzzi, Gregory L.; Kashtelyan, Vadim; Dowling, Eamon; Harbison, J. Isaiah; Bolger, Donald J.; Bunting, Michael F.; Dougherty, Michael R.

doi:10.1027/1618-3169/a000262

Cited by 39Cognitive Abilities and TestingNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesDevelopmental and Educational Neuropsychology

Measuring Working Memory Is All Fun and Games: A Four-Dimensional Spatial Game Predicts Cognitive Task Performance

Atkins, Sharona M., Sprenger, Amber M., Colflesh, Gregory J. H., Briner, Timothy L., Buchanan, Jacob B., Chavis, Sydnee E., Chen, Sy-yu, Iannuzzi, Gregory L. +6 more·2014·Experimental Psychology

DOI 10.1027/1618-3169/a000262

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Abstract

We developed a novel four-dimensional spatial task called Shapebuilder and used it to predict performance on a wide variety of cognitive tasks. In six experiments, we illustrate that Shapebuilder: (1) Loads on a common factor with complex working memory (WM) span tasks and that it predicts performance on quantitative reasoning tasks and Ravens Progressive Matrices (Experiment 1), (2) Correlates well with traditional complex WM span tasks (Experiment 2), predicts performance on the conditional go/no go task (Experiment 3) and N-back (Experiment 4), and showed weak or nonsignificant correlations with the Attention Networks Task (Experiment 5), and task switching (Experiment 6). Shapebuilder shows that it exhibits minimal skew and kurtosis, and shows good reliability. We argue that Shapebuilder has many advantages over existing measures of WM, including the fact that it is largely language independent, is not prone to ceiling effects, and take less than 6 min to complete on average.

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Wii Tests, Shapebuilder, The Great Brain Experiment, BAM-COG, and Tap the Hedgehog produced output measures/scores that correlated fairly well with their non-gamelike counterparts.
“Wii Tests [21], Shapebuilder [37], The Great Brain Experiment [32,39], BAM-COG [28], and Tap the Hedgehog [27] were all found to produce output measures/scores that correlated fairly well with their non–gamelike counterparts”
From Gamification of Cognitive Assessment and Cognitive Training: A Systematic Review of Applications and Efficacy (2016) · cites this paper as [37]
Sample correlations from some simpler validation studies suggest intertask correlations of 0.45-0.60.
“However, sample correlations from some of the simpler validation studies suggest intertask correlations of 0.45-0.60 [28,37,39,63].”
From Gamification of Cognitive Assessment and Cognitive Training: A Systematic Review of Applications and Efficacy (2016) · cites this paper as [37]

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Authors: Atkins, S. M., Sprenger, A. M., Colflesh, G. J. H., Briner, T. L., Buchanan, J. B., Chavis, S. E., Chen, S.-Y., Iannuzzi, G. L., Kashtelyan, V., Dowling, E., Harbison, J. I., Bolger, D. J., Bunting, M. F., & Dougherty, M. R.
Affiliations: University of Maryland, College Park (US)
ORCID: Sprenger, Amber M.
Chavis, Sydnee E.
Bolger, Donald J.
Dougherty, Michael R.
Venue: Experimental Psychology
Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing Group
Published: 2014-01-01
Volume: 61
Issue: 6
Pages: 417-438
ISSN: 0949-3964 (ISSN-L)
1618-3169
2190-5142
DOI: 10.1027/1618-3169/a000262
OpenAlex: W2106522860
Cited by: 39
References: 63
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2013: 1
FWCI: 3.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Experimental Psychology (formerly Zeitschrift für Experimentelle Psychologie) (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Keywords: working memory, spatial tasks, cognitive ability prediction, Raven's Progressive Matrices, quantitative reasoning, N-back, task switching, attentional networks, language independence, ceiling effect
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Attention, Cognition, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Task Performance and Analysis, Reproducibility of Results, Young Adult, Stroop Test

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Measuring Working Memory Is All Fun and Games: A Four-Dimensional Spatial Game Predicts Cognitive Task Performance

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