Private self-consciousness and the five-factor model of personality: Distinguishing rumination from reflection.

Trapnell, Paul D.; Campbell, Jennifer D.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.76.2.284

Cited by 1,646Personality Traits and PsychologyAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesIdentity, Memory, and Therapy

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Private self-consciousness and the five-factor model of personality: Distinguishing rumination from reflection.

Trapnell, Paul D., Campbell, Jennifer D.·1999·Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

DOI 10.1037/0022-3514.76.2.284

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Reflection is an adaptive form of self-focus motivated by curiosity.
“Reflection is an adaptive form of self-focus motivated by curiosity (Trapnell & Campbell, 1999)”
From Effects of a Mindfulness-Based Weight Loss Intervention on Long-term Psychological Well-being Among Adults with Obesity: Secondary Analyses from the Supporting Health by Integrating Nutrition and Exercise (SHINE) Trial (2022) · cites this paper as Trapnell & Campbell, 1999
The RRQ is a valid and reliable 12-item measure of rumination.
“The Rumination Reflection Questionnaire (RRQ; Trapnell & Campbell, 1999) is valid and reliable 12-item measure of rumination.”
From Testing Mindfulness Mechanisms of Action on the Stress and Burnout of Social Workers (2024) · cites this paper as Trapnell & Campbell, 1999
The Rumination subscale of the Rumination Reflection Questionnaire (RRQ) exhibited good convergent and discriminant validity.
“Trapnell and Campbell (1999) reported the rumination subscale exhibited good convergent and discriminant validity.”
From A randomised trial of Mindfulness-based Social Work and Self-Care with social workers (2023) · cites this paper as Trapnell & Campbell, 1999
The RRQ has good psychometric properties; the rumination scale has a Cronbach's alpha of 0.90 and the reflection scale has a Cronbach's alpha of 0.91.
“The measure has good psychometric properties; the rumination scale has a Cronbach ' s alpha of 0.90, and the reflection scale has a Cronbach ' s alpha of 0.91.”
From Guided self-help for depression in autistic adults: The ADEPT feasibility RCT (2019) · cites this paper as [66]

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Authors: Trapnell, P. D., & Campbell, J. D.
Venue: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Publisher: American Psychological Association (APA)
Published: 1999
Volume: 76
Issue: 2
Pages: 284-304
ISSN: 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
1939-1315
DOI: 10.1037/0022-3514.76.2.284
OpenAlex: W4294294090
Cited by: 1,646
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 95 · 2025: 97 · 2024: 86 · 2023: 101 · 2022: 115 · 2021: 120 · 2020: 104 · 2019: 101 · 2018: 89 · 2017: 97 · 2016: 94 · 2015: 70 · 2014: 60 · 2013: 54 · 2012: 54
FWCI: 10.87
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
Keywords: private self-consciousness, Big Five personality traits, rumination, reflection, personality traits, self-consciousness

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Private self-consciousness and the five-factor model of personality: Distinguishing rumination from reflection.

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