The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Factors predicting the subjective well-being of nations.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation.
Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.98.2.224 · Cited by 21,995
The self and social behavior in differing cultural contexts.
Triandis, H. C. (1989) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.96.3.506 · Cited by 5,019
Assessing Subjective Well-Being: Progress and Opportunities
Diener, E. (1994) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/bf01207052 · Cited by 2,317
Self-citationVeenhoven, R. (1991) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/bf00292648 · Cited by 1,358
The relationship between income and subjective well-being: Relative or absolute?
Diener, E., Sandvik, E., Seidlitz, L., & Diener, M. (1993) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/bf01079018 · Cited by 1,175
Self-citation
Cited by
The weirdest people in the world?
Henrich, J., Heine, S. J., & Norenzayan, A. (2010) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x0999152x · Cited by 12,641
Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.125.2.276 · Cited by 12,910
Self-citationSubjective well-being. The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index
Diener, E. (2000) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.34 · Cited by 7,121
Self-citationRethinking individualism and collectivism: Evaluation of theoretical assumptions and meta-analyses.
Oyserman, D., Coon, H. M., & Kemmelmeier, M. (2002) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.1.3 · Cited by 5,758
Twitter mood predicts the stock market
Bollen, J., Mao, H., & Zeng, X. (2011) · Journal of Computational Science · doi:10.1016/j.jocs.2010.12.007 · Cited by 5,206
Social and Psychological Resources and Adaptation
Hobfoll, S. E. (2002) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.6.4.307 · Cited by 4,594
Personality trait structure as a human universal.
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1997) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.52.5.509 · Cited by 4,234
(2005) · Cited by 3,670
Relative Income, Happiness, and Utility: An Explanation for the Easterlin Paradox and Other Puzzles
Clark, A. E., Frijters, P., & Shields, M. A. (2008) · Journal of Economic Literature · doi:10.1257/jel.46.1.95 · Cited by 3,159
Beyond money: toward an economy of well-being
Diener, E., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2004) · Psychological Science in the Public Interest · doi:10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.00501001.x · Cited by 2,555
Self-citationBasic psychological need satisfaction, need frustration, and need strength across four cultures
Chen, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Beyers, W., Boone, L., Deci, E. L., Van der Kaap-Deeder, J., Duriez, B., Lens, W., Matos, L., Mouratidis, A., et al. (2015) · Motivation and Emotion · doi:10.1007/s11031-014-9450-1 · Cited by 2,507
Myers, D. G., & Diener, E. (1995) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1995.tb00298.x · Cited by 2,383
Self-citationAssessing Subjective Well-Being: Progress and Opportunities
Diener, E. (1994) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/bf01207052 · Cited by 2,317
Self-citationIs there a universal need for positive self-regard?
Heine, S. J., Lehman, D. R., Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1999) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.106.4.766 · Cited by 2,247
MEASURING QUALITY OF LIFE: ECONOMIC, SOCIAL, AND SUBJECTIVE INDICATORS
Diener, E., & Suh, E. (1997) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1023/a:1006859511756 · Cited by 2,092
Self-citationDaily Well-Being: The Role of Autonomy, Competence, and Relatedness
Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K. M., Gable, S. L., Roscoe, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2000) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167200266002 · Cited by 2,067
Advances in subjective well-being research
Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Tay, L. (2018) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-018-0307-6 · Cited by 2,003
Self-citationBeyond the hedonic treadmill: Revising the adaptation theory of well-being.
Diener, E., Lucas, R. E., & Scollon, C. N. (2006) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.61.4.305 · Cited by 1,946
Self-citationFlourishing Across Europe: Application of a New Conceptual Framework for Defining Well-Being
Huppert, F. A., & So, T. T. C. (2013) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-011-9966-7 · Cited by 1,864
Cross-Cultural Correlates of Life Satisfaction and Self-Esteem
Diener, E., & Diener, M. (1995) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.68.4.653 · Cited by 1,722
Self-citationBelief and feeling: Evidence for an accessibility model of emotional self-report.
Robinson, M. D., & Clore, G. L. (2002) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.128.6.934 · Cited by 1,806
Income, Health, and Well-Being around the World: Evidence from the Gallup World Poll
Deaton, A. (2008) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.22.2.53 · Cited by 1,636
Will Money Increase Subjective Well-Being?
Diener, E., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2002) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1023/a:1014411319119 · Cited by 1,555
Self-citationSubjective Well-Being: A General Overview
Diener, E., & Ryan, K. (2009) · South African Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1177/008124630903900402 · Cited by 1,381
Self-citationThe shifting basis of life satisfaction judgments across cultures: Emotions versus norms
Suh, E., Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Triandis, H. C. (1998) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.2.482 · Cited by 1,282
Self-citationNadkarni, A., & Hofmann, S. G. (2012) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.007 · Cited by 1,276
Taras, V., Kirkman, B. L., & Steel, P. (2010) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018938 · Cited by 1,160
Brown, K. W., & Kasser, T. (2005) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-004-8207-8 · Cited by 1,098
Heine, S. J., Lehman, D. R., Peng, K., & Greenholtz, J. (2002) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.82.6.903 · Cited by 1,080
Culture, emotion regulation, and adjustment.
Matsumoto, D., Rules, M. S. O. C. D., Yoo, S. H., & Nakagawa, S. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.94.6.925 · Cited by 968
Positive health: connecting well–being with biology
Ryff, C. D., Singer, B. H., & Dienberg Love, G. (2004) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2004.1521 · Cited by 916
Sedikides, C., Gaertner, L., & Toguchi, Y. (2003) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.84.1.60 · Cited by 885
The relationship between materialism and personal well-being: A meta-analysis
Dittmar, H., Bond, R., Hurst, M., & Kasser, T. (2014) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0037409 · Cited by 890
Global self-esteem across the life span.
Robins, R. W., Trzesniewski, K. H., Tracy, J. L., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2002) · Psychology and Aging · doi:10.1037/0882-7974.17.3.423 · Cited by 836
Psychological universals: what are they and how can we know?
Norenzayan, A., & Heine, S. J. (2005) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.5.763 · Cited by 820
Quoidbach, J., Berry, E. V., Hansenne, M., & Mikolajczak, M. (2010) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2010.03.048 · Cited by 660
Self-Esteem and Socioeconomic Status: A Meta-Analytic Review
Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2002) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0601_3 · Cited by 573
Do Student Samples Provide an Accurate Estimate of the General Public?
Hanel, P. H. P., & Vione, K. C. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168354 · Cited by 510
Cross-Cultural Differences in Physical Aggression Between Partners: A Social-Role Analysis
Archer, J. (2006) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr1002_3 · Cited by 494
Cross-national evidence of a negativity bias in psychophysiological reactions to news
Soroka, S., Fournier, P., & Nir, L. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1908369116 · Cited by 465
The American dream in Russia: Extrinsic aspirations and well-being in two cultures
Ryan, R. M., Chirkov, V. I., Little, T. D., Sheldon, K. M., Timoshina, E., & Deci, E. L. (1999) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/01461672992510007 · Cited by 450
Personality: The Universal and the Culturally Specific
Heine, S. J., & Buchtel, E. E. (2009) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.60.110707.163655 · Cited by 417
Cross-Cultural Assessment of the Five-Factor Model: The Revised NEO Personality Inventory
McCrae, R. R., Costa, P. T., Del Pilar, G. H., Rolland, J.-P., & Parker, W. D. (1998) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022198291009 · Cited by 406
Daniels, M. A., & Greguras, G. J. (2014) · Journal of Management · doi:10.1177/0149206314527131 · Cited by 386
Does Choice Mean Freedom and Well-Being?
Markus, H. R., & Schwartz, B. (2010) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/651242 · Cited by 381
Self-Concordance and Subjective Well-Being in Four Cultures
Sheldon, K. M., Elliot, A. J., Ryan, R. M., Chirkov, V., Kim, Y., Wu, C., Demir, M., & Sun, Z. (2004) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022103262245 · Cited by 366
Age Identity and Subjective Well-Being: A Comparison of the United States and Germany
Westerhof, G. J., & Barrett, A. E. (2005) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/60.3.s129 · Cited by 355
Jayawickreme, E., Forgeard, M. J. C., & Seligman, M. E. P. (2012) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0027990 · Cited by 341
Need Satisfaction and Well-Being: Testing Self-Determination Theory in Eight Cultures
Church, A. T., Katigbak, M. S., Locke, K. D., Zhang, H., Shen, J., de Jesús Vargas-Flores, J., Ibáñez-Reyes, J., Tanaka-Matsumi, J., Curtis, G. J., Cabrera, H. F., et al. (2013) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022112466590 · Cited by 335
Emotions Across Cultures and Methods
Scollon, C. N., Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Biswas-Diener, R. (2004) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022104264124 · Cited by 300
Self-citationAn unobtrusive behavioral model of "gross national happiness"
Kramer, A. D. I. (2010) · Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/1753326.1753369 · Cited by 247
Denissen, J. J. A., Penke, L., Schmitt, D. P., & van Aken, M. A. G. (2008) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.95.1.181 · Cited by 234
Emotional climate, human security, and cultures of peace
De Rivera, J., & Páez, D. (2007) · Journal of Social Issues · doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.2007.00506.x · Cited by 193
The behavioral ecology of cultural psychological variation.
Sng, O., Neuberg, S. L., Varnum, M. E. W., & Kenrick, D. T. (2018) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/rev0000104 · Cited by 157
Self-esteem, dispositional optimism, and health: Evidence from cross-lagged data on employees
Mäkikangas, A., Kinnunen, U., & Feldt, T. (2004) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2004.02.001 · Cited by 148
Zanon, C., Bardagi, M. P., Layous, K., & Hutz, C. S. (2014) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-013-0478-5 · Cited by 140
He, F., Cao, R., Feng, Z., Guan, H., & Peng, J. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0082939 · Cited by 125
Suh, E. M. (2007) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2007.00477.x · Cited by 124
Ferguson, Y. L., Kasser, T., & Jahng, S. (2011) · Journal of Research on Adolescence · doi:10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00698.x · Cited by 113
Quality of College Life (QCL) of Students in Turkey: Students’ Life Satisfaction and Identification
Arslan, S., & Akkas, O. A. (2014) · Social Indicators Research · doi:10.1007/s11205-013-0235-9 · Cited by 94
Culture, parenting, and motivation: the case of East Asia and the United States
Pomerantz, E. M., Ng, F. F.-Y., & Wang, Q. (2008) · Advances in motivation and achievement · doi:10.1016/s0749-7423(08)15007-5 · Cited by 83
Testing Self-Determination Theory via Nigerian and Indian adolescents
Sheldon, K. M., Abad, N., & Omoile, J. (2009) · International Journal of Behavioral Development · doi:10.1177/0165025409340095 · Cited by 79
Schwartz, B. (2015) · Positive Psychology in Practice · doi:10.1002/9781118996874.ch8 · Cited by 77
Van de Vliert, E., Huang, X., & Parker, P. M. (2004) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0272-4944(03)00021-5 · Cited by 73
Global variation in subjective well-being predicts seven forms of altruism
Rhoads, S. A., Gunter, D., Ryan, R. M., & Marsh, A. A. (2021) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0956797621994767 · Cited by 66
Environmentally significant behavior in the home
Stern, P. C. (2008) · The Cambridge Handbook of Psychology and Economic Behaviour · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511490118.015 · Cited by 50
Beyond the heritability of life satisfaction – The roles of personality and twin-specific influences
Hahn, E., Johnson, W., & Spinath, F. M. (2013) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2013.07.003 · Cited by 48
Trait Psychology in the Philippines
CHURCH, A. T., & KATIGBAK, M. S. (2000) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/00027640021956107 · Cited by 43
Şimşek, Ö. F. (2011) · Journal of Happiness Studies · doi:10.1007/s10902-010-9203-0 · Cited by 42
Well-being and ill-being: shared environments, shared genes?
Nes, R. B., Czajkowski, N., R⊘ysamb, E., Reichborn-Kjennerud, T., & Tambs, K. (2008) · The Journal of Positive Psychology · doi:10.1080/17439760802399323 · Cited by 36
Crocetti, E., Hale, W. W., Dimitrova, R., Abubakar, A., Gao, C.-H., & Pesigan, I. J. A. (2015) · Child & Youth Care Forum · doi:10.1007/s10566-014-9275-9 · Cited by 35
Friendship and Happiness in Latin America: A Review
Garcia, A., Pereira, F. N., & Corrêa de Macedo, M. D. (2015) · Friendship and Happiness · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9603-3_13 · Cited by 3
Metadata
- Authors
- Diener, E., Diener, M., & Diener, C.
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1995
- Volume
- 69
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 851-864
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W4236725577
- Cited by
- 1,360
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 18.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
