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The self-fulfilling prophecy in close relationships: Rejection sensitivity and rejection by romantic partners.
Abstract
The authors hypothesized a self-fulfilling prophecy wherein rejection expectancies lead people to behave in ways that elicit rejection from their dating partners. The hypothesis was tested in 2 studies of conflict in couples: (a) a longitudinal field study where couples provided daily-diary reports and (b) a lab study involving behavioral observations. Results from the field study showed that high rejection-sensitive (HRS) people's relationships were more likely to break up than those of low rejection-sensitive (LRS) people. Conflict processes that contribute to relationship erosion were revealed for HRS women but not for HRS men. Following naturally occurring relationship conflicts, HRS women's partners were more rejecting than were LRS women's partners. The lab study showed that HRS women's negative behavior during conflictual discussions helped explain their partners' more rejecting postconflict responses.
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“This anticipation may lead to a self-fulfilling prophecy in which individuals behave out of fear, thereby creating a situation that elicits rejection from others and in which the previous fears are confirmed (Downey, Freitas, Michaelis, & Khouri, 1998).”
From Associations between rejection sensitivity and mental health outcomes: A meta-analytic review (2017) · cites this paper as Downey, Freitas, Michaelis, & Khouri, 1998
In the citing paper
“Importantly, SFPs can be pernicious when the beliefs at the center of them capture negative social conceptions, for instance, stereotypes, anxious expectations, fear, or hostility (Darley and Gross 1983;Downey et al. 1998;Madon et al. 2018).”
From What Is the Function of Confirmation Bias? (2022) · cites this paper as Downey et al. 1998
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Metadata
- Authors
- Downey, G., Freitas, A. L., Michaelis, B., & Khouri, H.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University (US)
- ORCID
- Downey, Geraldine
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 1998
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 545-560
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W4243781437
- Cited by
- 719
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 22 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 28 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 42 · 2017: 36 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 51 · 2014: 51 · 2013: 41 · 2012: 34
- FWCI
- 14.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (1r29mh051113-01)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R29-MH51113)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- self-fulfilling prophecy, close relationships, rejection sensitivity, romantic partners, partner rejection, interpersonal rejection, romantic relationships
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cognition, Conflict, Psychological, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Love, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Rejection, Psychology
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