Predicting Behavior During Interracial Interactions: A Stress and Coping Approach

Trawalter, Sophie; Richeson, Jennifer A.; Shelton, J. Nicole

doi:10.1177/1088868309345850

Cited by 280Social and Intergroup PsychologyRacial and Ethnic Identity ResearchAttachment and Relationship Dynamics

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Predicting Behavior During Interracial Interactions: A Stress and Coping Approach

Trawalter, Sophie, Richeson, Jennifer A., Shelton, J. Nicole·2009·Personality and Social Psychology Review

DOI 10.1177/1088868309345850

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Abstract

The social psychological literature maintains unequivocally that interracial contact is stressful. Yet research and theory have rarely considered how stress may shape behavior during interracial interactions. To address this empirical and theoretical gap, the authors propose a framework for understanding and predicting behavior during interracial interactions rooted in the stress and coping literature. Specifically, they propose that individuals often appraise interracial interactions as a threat, experience stress, and therefore cope-they antagonize, avoid, freeze, or engage. In other words, the behavioral dynamics of interracial interactions can be understood as initial stress reactions and subsequent coping responses. After articulating the framework and its predictions for behavior during interracial interactions, the authors examine its ability to organize the extant literature on behavioral dynamics during interracial compared with same-race contact. They conclude with a discussion of the implications of the stress and coping framework for improving research and fostering more positive interracial contact.

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Few empirically tested constructs besides John Henryism account for Black Americans' social and cultural experiences.
“John Henryism is also one of the few empirically tested constructs that considers the social and cultural experiences of Black Americans”
From Is John Henryism a Health Risk or Resource?: Exploring the Role of Culturally Relevant Coping for Physical and Mental Health among Black Americans. (2021) · cites this paper as Trawalter, Richeson, and Shelton 2009

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“Interestingly, recent research on the contact hypothesis (Allport, 1954) suggests that intergroup contact reduces intergroup bias by attenuating intergroup anxiety (Pettigrew & Tropp, 2007), consistent with predictions of the proposed stress and coping framework.”
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“The aforementioned behaviors provide good indices of interracial anxiety because they are difficult to control (Crosby, Bromley, & Saxe, 1980; Dovidio et al., 1997; Dovidio et al., 2002; Fazio et al., 1995), and, accordingly, they can be conceptualized as individuals’ behavioral stress reactions to interracial contact.”
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“The literature has primarily focused on interracial contact that lasts just a few minutes and take place on a single occasion (Dovidio et al., 2002; McConnell & Leibold, 2001; Gailliot et al., 2007; Richeson & Trawalter, 2005; Trawalter & Richeson, 2008; Vorauer & Kumhyr, 2001).”
Imaging race.
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Is John Henryism a Health Risk or Resource?: Exploring the Role of Culturally Relevant Coping for Physical and Mental Health among Black Americans.
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Authors: Trawalter, S., Richeson, J. A., & Shelton, J. N.
Affiliations: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Northwestern University (US)
Princeton University (US)
ORCID: Trawalter, Sophie
Richeson, Jennifer A.
Shelton, J. Nicole
Venue: Personality and Social Psychology Review
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2009-09-24
Volume: 13
Issue: 4
Pages: 243-268
ISSN: 1088-8683 (ISSN-L)
1532-7957
DOI: 10.1177/1088868309345850
OpenAlex: W2066704163
Cited by: 280
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 18
FWCI: 6.16
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Personality and Social Psychology Review (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (F32HD055772)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
Keywords: interracial contact, interracial interaction, stress coping, threat appraisal, coping strategies, antagonism, avoidance, freezing response, engagement, behavioral dynamics, intergroup relations
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Psychological, Humans, Models, Psychological, Nonverbal Communication, Prejudice, Race Relations, Stress, Psychological

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Predicting Behavior During Interracial Interactions: A Stress and Coping Approach

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