Collective narcissism and its social consequences.
Abstract
This article introduces the concept of collective narcissism--an emotional investment in an unrealistic belief about the in group's greatness--aiming to explain how feelings about an ingroup shape a tendency to aggress against outgroups. The results of 5 studies indicate that collective, but not individual, narcissism predicts intergroup aggressiveness. Collective narcissism is related to high private and low public collective self-esteem and low implicit group esteem. It predicts perceived threat from outgroups, unwillingness to forgive outgroups, preference for military aggression over and above social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, and blind patriotism. The relationship between collective narcissism and aggressiveness is mediated by perceived threat from outgroups and perceived insult to the ingroup. In sum, the results indicate that collective narcissism is a form of high but ambivalent group esteem related to sensitivity to threats to the ingroup's image and retaliatory aggression.
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Collective narcissism has been assessed with reference to ethnic and religious groups, professional organizations, football teams, students of the same university, and a fictitious nation, and in all cases it made similar predictions for intergroup attitudes.
“Collective narcissism has been assessed with reference to ethnic and religious groups (Golec de Zavala et al., 2009), professional organizations (Galvin, Lange, & Ashforth, 2015), football teams (Larkin, 2017), students of the same university (Golec de Zavala, Cichocka, & Bilewicz, 2013a;Golec de Zavala, Cichocka, & Iskra-Golec, 2013b), and a fictitious nation of Minay in a role-playing game (Keen”
From Collective Narcissism: Political Consequences of Investing Self‐Worth in the Ingroup’s Image (2019) · cites this paper as Golec de Zavala et al., 2009
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCollective narcissism is associated with social dominance orientation, with correlations ranging from r(198) = .08, p > .05 in Mexico and r(115) = .11, p > .05 in Poland to r(261) = .53, p < .001 in the United States.
“The overlap between collective narcissism and social dominance orientation ranged from r (198) = .08,p >.05 in Mexico (Golec de Zavala et al., 2009) and r (115) = .11;p >.05 in Poland (Golec de Zavala et al., 2013b) to r (261) = .53;p <.001 in the United States (Golec de Zavala et al., 2009).”
From Collective Narcissism: Political Consequences of Investing Self‐Worth in the Ingroup’s Image (2019) · cites this paper as Golec de Zavala et al., 2009
The Results report no significant overall correlation between collective narcissism and social dominance orientation in the Mexican sample, and Discussion Study 1 reports an association in the American sample. Our copy does not verify the cited coefficients or p-values of .08 for Mexico and .53 for the United States. The Polish figure is attributed to a different source in the citing sentence, so it is not judged here. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe relationship between collective narcissism and authoritarianism ranges from r(198) = .02, p > .05 in Mexico to r(132) = .56, p < .001 in Poland.
“Their relationship ranges from r (198) = .02,p >.05 in Mexico (Golec de Zavala et al., 2009) to r (132) = .56,p <.001 in Poland (Golec de Zavala et al., 2013a).”
From Collective Narcissism: Political Consequences of Investing Self‐Worth in the Ingroup’s Image (2019) · cites this paper as Golec de Zavala et al., 2009
The Results and Discussion of Study 5 report no significant correlation between collective narcissism and authoritarianism in the Mexican sample, supporting the Mexican finding in substance. The Results give r(198) = .02 for collective narcissism and opposition to equality, not explicitly for authoritarianism; the exact coefficient attributed to the Mexican authoritarianism relationship is therefore not verified. The Polish coefficient is cited to a different paper in the sentence and is not assessed here. (LLM, conf=0.82)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the United States, collective narcissism, social dominance orientation, and authoritarianism independently predicted support for military actions in Iraq in 2003, and only the effect of collective narcissism was mediated by perceived threat from aggression of others.
“In the United States, collective narcissism, social dominance orientation, and authoritarianism independently predicted support for military actions in Iraq in 2003.Only the effect of collective narcissism was mediated by perceived threat from aggression of others (Golec de Zavala et al., 2009).”
From Collective Narcissism: Political Consequences of Investing Self‐Worth in the Ingroup’s Image (2019) · cites this paper as Golec de Zavala et al., 2009
Split into 2 atoms — 1 confirmed, 1 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAmerican collective narcissism predicted support for military intervention in Iraq in 2003, and this relationship was mediated by the perception that the national ingroup was threatened by the hostility of others.
“American collective narcissism predicted support for military intervention in Iraq in 2003.This relationship was mediated by the perception that the national ingroup was threatened by the hostility of others (Golec de Zavala et al., 2009).”
From Collective Narcissism: Political Consequences of Investing Self‐Worth in the Ingroup’s Image (2019) · cites this paper as Golec de Zavala et al., 2009
The Study 1 results (Collective Narcissism Scale Reliability; page unavailable) report that collective narcissism predicted support for military aggression and that perceived threat from out-groups partially mediated the relationship. The Measures section includes support for the Iraq war in a broader military-aggression scale, but the copy does not report a separate mediation result for support for the 2003 Iraq intervention specifically. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Mexican collective narcissists wanted to boycott American companies and engage in destructive actions against American institutions in Mexico in response to the construction of the wall by the United States along the Mexican-American border in 2006.
“Mexican collective narcissists wanted to boycott American companies and engage in destructive actions against American institutions in Mexico in response to the construction of the wall by the United States along the Mexican-American border in 2006.”
From Collective Narcissism: Political Consequences of Investing Self‐Worth in the Ingroup’s Image (2019) · cites this paper as Golec de Zavala et al., 2009
The Results (page unavailable) link collective narcissism among Mexican participants to support for boycotting American companies and products in Mexico in response to the border wall. The Measures section (page unavailable) shows that this boycott was the sole item used to assess a preference for ‘destructive actions’; it does not establish a separate wish to act against American institutions. The Participants section dates the study to 2006, but the cited passages do not date the wall’s construction to that year. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredCollective narcissism is associated with the belief that the whole world is against the ingroup.
“Perhaps not surprisingly, empirical findings suggest that collective narcissism is associated with the belief that the whole world is against the ingroup.”
From Collective Narcissism: Political Consequences of Investing Self‐Worth in the Ingroup’s Image (2019) · cites this paper as Golec de Zavala et al., 2009
The 'Collective Narcissism and Intergroup Aggressiveness' section reports an association with perceived threats and insults from out-groups, and proposes that frequently encountered out-groups may be seen as constantly threatening the in-group. It does not establish a belief that the whole world is against the in-group; that wording extends the finding beyond the groups and situations discussed. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPeople can hold the narcissist belief about various social groups.
“Theory and empirical evidence indicate that people can hold the narcissist belief about various social groups (Golec de Zavala et al., 2009).”
From Collective Narcissism: Political Consequences of Investing Self‐Worth in the Ingroup’s Image (2019) · cites this paper as Golec de Zavala et al., 2009
People who score high on the Collective Narcissism Scale believe that their ingroup's importance is not sufficiently recognized by others and that their ingroup deserves special treatment.
“People who score high on the Collective Narcissism Scale believe that their ingroup's importance is not sufficiently recognized by others and that their ingroup deserves special treatment.”
From Collective Narcissism: Political Consequences of Investing Self‐Worth in the Ingroup’s Image (2019) · cites this paper as Golec de Zavala et al., 2009
In Mexico, only collective narcissism predicted support for destructive actions towards American companies, in response to the construction of the wall along the American-Mexican border that Mexican collective narcissists perceived as an insult to Mexico and Mexicans.
“In Mexico, only collective narcissism predicted support for destructive actions towards American companies, in response to the construction of the wall along the American-Mexican border that Mexican collective narcissists perceived as an insult to Mexico and Mexicans.”
From Collective Narcissism: Political Consequences of Investing Self‐Worth in the Ingroup’s Image (2019) · cites this paper as Golec de Zavala et al., 2009
Collective narcissists are unable to forgive others for wrongs done to the ingroup.
“Together with results that indicate that collective narcissists are unable to forgive others for wrongs done to the ingroup (Golec de Zavala et al., 2009;Hamer, Penczek, & Bilewicz, 2018), such results link collective narcissism to revenge seeking in intergroup relations.”
From Collective Narcissism: Political Consequences of Investing Self‐Worth in the Ingroup’s Image (2019) · cites this paper as Golec de Zavala et al., 2009
Collective narcissism is linked to the perception of the ingroup as threatened by hostile intentions of others.
“In this vein, research has linked collective narcissism to the perception of the ingroup as threatened by hostile intentions of others (Golec de Zavala & Cichocka, 2012;Golec de Zavala et al., 2009).”
From Collective Narcissism: Political Consequences of Investing Self‐Worth in the Ingroup’s Image (2019) · cites this paper as Golec de Zavala et al., 2009
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“In this vein, research has linked collective narcissism to the perception of the ingroup as threatened by hostile intentions of others (Golec de Zavala & Cichocka, 2012; Golec de Zavala et al., 2009).”
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Guo, J., Huang, X., Zheng, A., Chen, W., Lei, Z., Tang, C., Chen, H., Ma, H., & Li, X. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.836956 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
- Authors
- de Zavala, A. G., Cichocka, A., Eidelson, R., & Jayawickreme, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Warsaw (PL)
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
- Published
- 2009
- Volume
- 97
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1074-1096
- ISSN
- 0022-3514 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1315
- OpenAlex
- W2119548570
- Cited by
- 704
- References
- 167
- Citations by year
- 2026: 53 · 2025: 69 · 2024: 98 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 91 · 2021: 90 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 36 · 2018: 61 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 27.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Personality and Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Goldsmiths Research Online (acceptedVersion)
- Middlesex University Research Repository (Middlesex University Of London) (acceptedVersion)
- Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (1 H01F 052 30)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
- Keywords
- collective narcissism, intergroup aggression, outgroup threat, group self-esteem, forgiveness, military aggression, social dominance orientation, right-wing authoritarianism, blind patriotism
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aggression, Authoritarianism, Conflict, Psychological, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Dominance-Subordination, Ethnicity, Female, United Kingdom, Group Processes, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Mexico, Middle Aged, Narcissism, Poland, Predictive Value of Tests, Self Concept, Social Behavior, Social Identification, Social Perception, Students, United States, Reproducibility of Results, Young Adult
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