Social and Psychological Resources and Adaptation

“Building on COR theory (Hobfoll, 2002), this study tests the mediating role of KH in the proposed framework.”

“It is also an important protective resource for development [72].”

“COR Theory (Hobfoll, 2002), suggests that a reverse causal effect is possible between higher levels of burnout, so that”

“The IRP dimension of employee performance is diminished because WFC causes job stress which drains the employee of the energy resources that are required to perform these basic and essential tasks (Hobfoll, 2002).”

“According to the COR theory [11,12], people strive to retain, protect, and build those different types of resources.”

“This finding is consistent with the theory on conservation of resource (Hobfoll, 1989, 1998, 2002).”

“Höbfoll (2002) has additionally argued that resource gain, in turn, and in itself, has only a modest effect, but instead acquires its saliency in the context of resource loss.”

“This is consistent with the Conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll 2002), suggesting that people seek to obtain and protect resources against distress occurring when resources are lost or highly invested.”

“More specifically, POS can be better viewed as an important job resource that might be activated to counteract with the negative influence (like tension, deviant actions) of initial resource damage due to stressful work settings (Hobfoll, 2002; Hobfoll et al., 2003; Halbesleben, 2006).”

“Other major theories used include self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000), psychological capital theory (Luthans et al., 2006), and the conservation of resources (Hobfoll, 2002).”

“Yet, central to Hobfoll’s original COR model is the notion that in using resources, we deplete them, and this resource loss can result in feelings of strain (Halbesleben&Buckley, 2004; Hobfoll, 2002).”

“Furthermore, according to conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989, 2001, 2002), individuals will accumulate resources they can apply to overcome challenges and threats.”

“…during respites),whichhas the potential to lead to a net gain of resources; there can be resource gainspirals, inwhich individualswhohavehigh levels of initial resources (e.g., knowledge, social support) are better positioned to gain new resources (Halbesleben et al., 2014; Hobfoll, 1989, 2002).”

“Coaching-Based Leadership and PsyCap According to the Conservation of Resources theory (Hobfoll, 2002), individuals seek to obtain, retain, and protect personal resources to control and impact upon their environment successfully.”

“According to the relevant research on psychological resources, employee wellbeing itself is also a potential resource that employees can obtain from work Hobfoll [67] and, in some cases, it will become an important reason for employees to work [29].”

“Hobfoll (2002) defined resources as “those entities that either are centrally valued in their own right (e.g., self-esteem, close attachments, health, and inner peace) or act as a means to obtain centrally valued ends (e.g., money, social support, and credit)” (p. 307).”

“On the contrary, COR proposes that health impairments trigger a loss spiral, which leads to fewer resources and further health impairment (Hobfoll et al., 2003).”

“This approach is in line with the conservation of resources (COR) theory description of loss cycles (61) that posits that after initial mobilization of resources, resource deterioration may ensue, leaving vulnerable groups and individuals less resistant to stress and trauma.”

“Recently it has been theorized that psychosocial resources, including cognitive capacity, personality factors, and other internal strengths such as motivational reserve, provide buffers against negative effects of the aging process (Forstmeier and Maercker 2008; Hobfoll 2002 ).”

“Following the conservation of resources (COR) theory (Hobfoll, 2002), the depletion of resources due to coping with high demands provokes stress.”

“…positive emotions as hope, gratitude, interest, pride, inspiration, love, joy and the establishment of strengths, skills, resilience and goals (Hobfoll, 2002; Seligman et al., 2005; Sin and Lyubomirsky, 2009; Dunn, 2012; Santos et al., 2013; Carr and Finnegan, 2014; Boumparis et al., 2016;…”

“…seek achievement and satisfaction, which leads them to develop behaviors that increase the likelihood of immediate environmental reinforcement, creating and maintaining personal characteristics or resources, using which they increase motivation and welfare (Hobfoll, 2002; Houkes et al., 2001).”

“Drawing from the JD-R theory and the conservation of resources (COR) theory (Hobfoll 2002), they hypothesized that personal resource self-efficacy, optimism and organizational-based self-esteem moderate and mediate the relation between job demands and exhaustion and work engagement.”

“In addition, according to the theory of conservation of resources (COR), resources can be invested to create other resources (Hobfoll 2002).”

“This provides support for the fundamental tenets of COR that obtaining and utilizing resources lead to higher SWB, whereas experiences of resource shortage and potential loss of resources result in negative consequences for SWB (Hobfoll 1989, 2002).”

“Psychological resources theory of Hobfoll (2002), states that many of the psychological constructs are understood as indicators of a wider core construct or “psychological resources”.”

“facilitate access to something intrinsically valuable (6,7).”

“Conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 2002) suggests that in environments rich in resources, individuals tend to accumulate resources.”

“” Such key resources include self-ef fi cacy, self-esteem, optimism, and goal-directed behavior as personal resources, but also social support and social power as job-related and societal resources (Hobfoll, 2002; ten Brummelhuis & Bakker, 2012).”

“Firstly, the basic tenet of COR theory is that people strive to obtain, retain, protect, and foster resources and actual or potential loss of these valued resources is threatening to them and causes stress (Hobfoll, 1989, 2002).”

“According to the conservation of resources (COR) theory (Hobfoll, 2001), reciprocity exists because learning experiences strengthen personal resources, which in turn favour identification and creation of even more resources in the work environment.”

“Journal of Applied Psychology, 103(2), 123–136. doi: 10.1037/apl0000264 Conservation of resources theory in the organizational behavior context: Theoretical evolution and challenges LIAO Huahua1, HUANG Lei1, HU Bin2 (1 School of Economics and Management, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China) (2 School of Econo…”

“This accumulation of resources (Hobfoll, 2002) not only facilitates the successful management of demands, but it also protects employees from the psychological or physiological costs associated with threat appraisals.”

“Thus, consistent with the conservation of resources theory ( Hobfoll 1989, 2002 ), an HIV diagnosis may lead to the acquisition of tangible resources and positive changes, particularly for individuals whose life circumstances made them vulnerable to HIV in the first place.”

“Theoretically, according to the conservation of resources theory, (social) resources lead to the accumulation of additional resources over time (Hobfoll, 2002) and we can thus expect that social support leads to a resource gain spiral with increasing levels of mattering over time.”

“…Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, which assumes that various resources are salient factors in gaining new resources and enhancing well-being (Hobfoll, 1989, 2001, 2002), future research should test whether a constructive conflict management climate in the team can be considered as a team…”

“…psychological resources for living well among various groups experiencing illness or stressors (e.g. Aspinwall & Taylor, 1992; Cozzarelli, 1993; Hobfoll, 2002; Lee, Cohen, Edgar, Laizner, & Gagnon, 2006; Rini, Dunkel-Schetter, Wadhwa, & Sandman, 1999; Sandler, 2001; Taylor, 1983; Taylor &…”

“In the context of the key resource theory (Hobfoll, 2002; Thoits, 1994) and the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions (Fredrickson, 2001), individuals with positive psychological resources are prone to being more capable of selecting, altering, and implementing their other resources to…”

“The finding that employee engagement was a positive antecedent of job performance supports the proposal of the COR theory that people invest resources in acquiring or retaining other valued resources (Hobfoll, 2002).”

“The idea that combining work and family roles can lead to conflict due to time restrictions and strain fits in with resource theories explaining how distress and burnout develops (Demerouti et al, 2001 ; Hobfoll, 2002 ).”

“Further, resources—especially key personal resources—are relatively stable over time and help maintain well-being when other resources are depleted (Hobfoll, 2002).”

“In particular, COR theory identifies social support as a means for individuals to tackle stress (Hobfoll, 2002), and HCN coworker support is a vital resource for expatriates due to its ability to offset resource loss (Halbesleben, 2006).”

“(p. 3) This approach is based on the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory (Hobfoll, 2002), which posits that individuals seek to obtain, retain, and protect personal resources in order to control and impact their environment effectively.”

“Combining activation theory (Gardner, 1990) with the conservation of resources (COR) theory (Hobfoll, 1989, 2001, 2002), we specifically predict an inverted U-shaped curvilinear relationship between role conflict and creativity that is mediated by role of cognitive adjustment at work and moderated…”

“Even though all coping efforts include the use and, therefore, expenditure of resources, where resources are abundant the final resource sum should remain unchanged or even increase (Hobfoll, 2002).”

“Job resources help achieve work goals while stimulating personal growth and development (Hobfoll, 2002).”

“People strive to obtain, retain, protect, and foster resources (Hobfoll, 2002).”

“Theoretically, the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory (Hobfoll, 1989, 2002) states that when resources are depleted or are inadequate to meet work demands, emotional exhaustion can result.”

“In this respect, our findings are conceptually consistent with recent resource theories of stress and coping.(37-42)”

“In addition, mastery has been found to load onto a single construct along with optimism and self-esteem, suggesting that these three constructs are interchangeable (Hobfoll, 2002).”

“…of employee well-being: Hypothesis 3 Increase in telework during COVID-19 is associated with (a) decreases in work engagement and diminishes social interaction is likely to lead to a loss of this valuable social resource which subsequently decreases employee well-being (Hobfoll, 2002).”

“Participants’ recent caregiving competence was operationalized as personal resources, whereas the receipt and satisfaction with social support were operationalized as social resources (Hobfoll, 2002).”

“particular, organizational commitment delivers a key source for social resources, suggesting a notion of exchange (Hobfoll, 2002).”

“This is important, because a central premise of psychosocial resource theory (Hobfoll, 2002), and distinct from Proffitt’s economy of action, is that psychosocial resources can be interchangeable.”

“For example, future research could explore whether autonomous motivation plays a protective role in the job demands–strain relation over and above other important personal resources such as self-efficacy, selfesteem, or optimism (Hobfoll 2002).”

“Thus, based on the resources of the JD-R theory, it was possible to verify how a labor resource influences a personal resource, confirming the feedback between these resources through the COR theory (Hobfoll, 1989, 2002).”

“Entrepreneurs can enact resilience through a resource conservation mindset to manage the present (Hobfoll, 2002) or a resource investment approach that shifts their attention to future opportunities (Shepherd & Williams, 2014; Williams & Shepherd, 2016b).”

“Our results are also consistent with the conservation of resources theory (Hobfoll, 1989; Hobfoll, 2002; Wright & Hobfoll, 2004), which suggests that individuals strive to protect and build resources, in this case by increasing their job search intensity, to mitigate the loss of resources signaled…”

“If these resources are depleted, a demand for matching external resources is created, which may be of similar use (cf. Hobfoll, 2002).”

“…1989) which, on the one hand, states that individuals strive to preserve, protect, and enlarge their resources, and on the other hand, that different types of resources do not exist in isolation, but rather build resource caravans in that resources tend to generate other resources (Hobfoll, 2002).”