The DOI matches its Crossref record; 75 of the 76 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Perceived social isolation makes me sad: 5-year cross-lagged analyses of loneliness and depressive symptomatology in the chicago health, aging, and social relations study
Open accessAbstract
We present evidence from a 5-year longitudinal study for the prospective associations between loneliness and depressive symptoms in a population-based, ethnically diverse sample of 229 men and women who were 50-68 years old at study onset. Cross-lagged panel models were used in which the criterion variables were loneliness and depressive symptoms, considered simultaneously. We used variations on this model to evaluate the possible effects of gender, ethnicity, education, physical functioning, medications, social network size, neuroticism, stressful life events, perceived stress, and social support on the observed associations between loneliness and depressive symptoms. Cross-lagged analyses indicated that loneliness predicted subsequent changes in depressive symptomatology, but not vice versa, and that this temporal association was not attributable to demographic variables, objective social isolation, dispositional negativity, stress, or social support. The importance of distinguishing between loneliness and depressive symptoms and the implications for loneliness and depressive symptomatology in older adults are discussed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“longitudinal studies have found loneliness to predict future occurrence of depression and anxiety [6, 7]”
From Psychological correlates of perceived loneliness in college students before and during the COVID-19 stay-at-home period: a longitudinal study (2023) · cites this paper as [6]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“They are further in line with studies showing those individuals who worry more [39], who are more socially isolated [40], and receive less social support [41, 42] are more likely to develop mental health problems.”
From Students under lockdown: Comparisons of students’ social networks and mental health before and during the COVID-19 crisis in Switzerland (2020) · cites this paper as [40]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“However, such studies do not clearly establish whether loneliness results in mental illness or vice versa.”
From The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [30]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Given that loneliness is a significant and independent risk factor for complex psychopathology, including depression and suicidal ideation [8,9,11,12,34-36], lonely people may be particularly susceptible to disengaging from treatment early.”
From The Effectiveness of a Smartphone Intervention Targeting Suicidal Ideation in Young Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial Examining the Influence of Loneliness (2023) · cites this paper as [36]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“loneliness has been shown to correlate with negative health outcomes including increased morbidity and mortality (Cacioppo et al., 2010)”
From Living through lockdown: A qualitative exploration of individuals' experiences in the UK. (2022) · cites this paper as Cacioppo et al., 2010
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The finding that loneliness is associated with depressive symptoms appears well established [6, 85–87].”
From Psychological correlates of perceived loneliness in college students before and during the COVID-19 stay-at-home period: a longitudinal study (2023) · cites this paper as [6]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Several studies have focused on loneliness in humans and have reported a connection between self-reported loneliness and mental health problems.30”
From The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [30]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, human loneliness is not straightforward to study experimentally as loneliness is not a simple product of objective social deprivation: people can be alone without feeling lonely or feel lonely even in a crowd.30”
From The effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health (2020) · cites this paper as [30]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These results are consistent with the existing literature examining the relationship between loneliness and mental health to the extent that they suggest that loneliness is associated with more complex psychopathology [8,9,11,12,34-36].”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Research shows that loneliness represents a risk factor for depression [12, 13]”
From The prospective association of adolescent loneliness and low resilience with anxiety and depression in young adulthood: The HUNT study (2025) · cites this paper as [13]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“more recent analyses of five consecutive annual assessments of loneliness and depressive symptoms have shown that loneliness predicts increases in depressive symptoms over 1-year intervals, but depressive symptoms do not predict increases in loneliness over those same intervals [36]”
From Loneliness matters: a theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms (2010) · cites this paper as [36]
In the citing paper
“Similarly, perceived isolation has been found to predict lifetime change in IQ36 and changes in depressive symptoms37,38 beyond what could be predicted by objective isolation.”
From Social isolation (2011) · cites this paper as [38]
In the citing paper
“Longitudinal research has confirmed these findings: loneliness is an independent risk factor for depression, controlling for a number of covariates such as demographic characteristics, marital status, social isolation and psychosocial risk factors (Cacioppo et al. 2010).”
From Social isolation, loneliness and health in old age: a scoping review (2017) · cites this paper as Cacioppo et al. 2010
In the citing paper
“In contrast, cross-lagged panel analysis showed that loneliness predicted subsequent changes in depression but not vice versa (Cacioppo et al. 2010).”
From Social isolation, loneliness and health in old age: a scoping review (2017) · cites this paper as Cacioppo et al. 2010
In the citing paper
“The item on loneliness was omitted from the CES-D to avoid direct overlap with the loneliness scale (41); however, the same results emerged when this item was included.”
From Social isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality in older men and women (2013) · cites this paper as [41]
In the citing paper
“Additionally, controlled experimental studies investigating the effect of loneliness on health outcomes are especially scarce [37].”
From Loneliness and health in older adults: a mini-review and synthesis (2016) · cites this paper as [37]
In the citing paper
“There is mounting support for the notion that subjective or “perceived” isolation (the quality of social relationships) is a stronger predictor of poor health and emotional state in humans than objective isolation (the number/frequency of social contacts)11,62,146.”
From Neural mechanisms of social homeostasis (2019) · cites this paper as [146]
In the citing paper
“Loneliness is associated with worse physical and mental health [5–8] and increases mortality risk [9,10].”
From Loneliness in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional results from the COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“There is also compelling evidence that loneliness precedes depression [6].”
From Loneliness in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional results from the COVID-19 Psychological Wellbeing Study (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999) · Structural Equation Modeling A Multidisciplinary Journal · doi:10.1080/10705519909540118 · Cited by 108,788
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267
(1992) · PubMed · Cited by 33,716
A Global Measure of Perceived Stress
Cohen, S., Kamarck, T., & Mermelstein, R. (1983) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2136404 · Cited by 32,807
Alternative Ways of Assessing Model Fit
Browne, M. W., & Cudeck, R. (1992) · Sociological Methods & Research · doi:10.1177/0049124192021002005 · Cited by 27,200
Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling.
MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/1082-989x.1.2.130 · Cited by 10,418
DeLamater, J., & Ward, A. (2013) · Handbooks of sociology and social research · doi:10.1007/978-94-007-6772-0 · Cited by 7,590
UCLA loneliness scale (version 3): reliability, validity, and factor structure
Russell, D. W. (1996) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa6601_2 · Cited by 5,800
The development of markers for the Big-Five factor structure
Goldberg, L. R. (1992) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.26 · Cited by 5,530
Taking time seriously: A theory of socioemotional selectivity.
Carstensen, L. L., Isaacowitz, D. M., & Charles, S. T. (1999) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.54.3.165 · Cited by 5,377
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Bell RG Alcoholism and loneliness. Journal of Social Therapy 1956 2 171 181
- Hobson CJ Kamen J Szostek J Nethercut CM Tiedmann JW Wojnarowicz S Stressful life events: A revision and update of the social readjustment rating scale. International Journal of Stress Management 1998 5 1 1 23
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Loneliness matters: a theoretical and empirical review of consequences and mechanisms
Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2010) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-010-9210-8 · Cited by 4,782
“The causal nature of the association between loneliness and depressive symptoms appears to be reciprocal [32], but more recent analyses of five consecutive annual assessments of loneliness and depressive symptoms have shown that loneliness predicts increases in depressive symptoms over 1-year intervals, but depressive…”
Self-citationSocial isolation, loneliness, and all-cause mortality in older men and women
Steptoe, A., Shankar, A., Demakakos, P., & Wardle, J. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1219686110 · Cited by 2,503
A Meta-Analysis of Interventions to Reduce Loneliness
Masi, C. M., Chen, H.-Y., Hawkley, L. C., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2011) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868310377394 · Cited by 1,995
Self-citationSocial isolation, loneliness and health in old age: a scoping review
Courtin, E., & Knapp, M. (2017) · Health & Social Care in the Community · doi:10.1111/hsc.12311 · Cited by 1,463
Elmer, T., Mepham, K., & Stadtfeld, C. (2020) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0236337 · Cited by 1,658
“They are further in line with studies showing those individuals who worry more [39], who are more socially isolated [40], and receive less social support [41, 42] are more likely to develop mental health problems.”
ResultLoneliness, health, and mortality in old age: A national longitudinal study
Luo, Y., Hawkley, L. C., Waite, L. J., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2012) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.11.028 · Cited by 1,232
Self-citationLoneliness: clinical import and interventions
Cacioppo, S., Grippo, A. J., London, S., Goossens, L., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2015) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691615570616 · Cited by 1,206
Self-citationThe effects of social deprivation on adolescent development and mental health
Orben, A., Tomova, L., & Blakemore, S.-J. (2020) · The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health · doi:10.1016/s2352-4642(20)30186-3 · Cited by 1,383
Loneliness, social isolation, and behavioral and biological health indicators in older adults.
Shankar, A., McMunn, A., Banks, J., & Steptoe, A. (2011) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0022826 · Cited by 1,100
Social relationships and health: The toxic effects of perceived social isolation
Cacioppo, J. T., & Cacioppo, S. (2014) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/spc3.12087 · Cited by 1,057
Self-citationThe association between social relationships and depression: A systematic review
Santini, Z. I., Koyanagi, A., Tyrovolas, S., Mason, C., & Haro, J. M. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.12.049 · Cited by 949
Loneliness and health in older adults: a mini-review and synthesis
Ong, A. D., Uchino, B. N., & Wethington, E. (2016) · Gerontology · doi:10.1159/000441651 · Cited by 868
Social Isolation, Loneliness and Health Among Older Adults
Coyle, C. E., & Dugan, E. (2012) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264312460275 · Cited by 875
Groarke, J. M., Berry, E., Graham-Wisener, L., McKenna-Plumley, P. E., McGlinchey, E., & Armour, C. (2020) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0239698 · Cited by 727
Donovan, N. J., & Blazer, D. (2020) · The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2020.08.005 · Cited by 739
Cohen-Mansfield, J., Hazan, H., Lerman, Y., & Shalom, V. (2016) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610215001532 · Cited by 691
Shanahan, L., Steinhoff, A., Bechtiger, L., Murray, A. L., Nivette, A., Hepp, U., Ribeaud, D., & Eisner, M. (2022) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329172000241x · Cited by 675
Association of loneliness with all-cause mortality: A meta-analysis
Rico‐Uribe, L. A., Caballero, F. F., Martín‐María, N., Cabello, M., Ayuso‐Mateos, J. L., & Miret, M. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190033 · Cited by 715
Toward a neurology of loneliness
Cacioppo, S., Capitanio, J. P., & Cacioppo, J. T. (2014) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0037618 · Cited by 623
Self-citationEvolutionary mechanisms for loneliness
Cacioppo, J. T., Cacioppo, S., & Boomsma, D. I. (2014) · Cognition and Emotion · doi:10.1080/02699931.2013.837379 · Cited by 576
“…depressive symptomatology (Cacioppo et al., 2006; Heikkinen & Kauppinen, 2004; Wei, Russell, & Zakalik, 2005) and beyond what is predicted by associated psychosocial variables such as objective stress, perceived stress, social network size, neuroticism, and social support (Cacioppo et al., 2010).”
Self-citationSocial isolation, loneliness and depression in young adulthood: a behavioural genetic analysis
Matthews, T., Danese, A., Wertz, J., Odgers, C. L., Ambler, A., Moffitt, T. E., & Arseneault, L. (2016) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-016-1178-7 · Cited by 534
Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., Norman, G. J., & Berntson, G. G. (2011) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2011.06028.x · Cited by 554
Self-citationLee, S. L., Pearce, E., Ajnakina, O., Johnson, S., Lewis, G., Mann, F., Pitman, A., Solmi, F., Sommerlad, A., Steptoe, A., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30383-7 · Cited by 572
Twenge, J. M., Spitzberg, B. H., & Campbell, W. K. (2019) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407519836170 · Cited by 520
Cruwys, T., Dingle, G. A., Haslam, C., Haslam, S. A., Jetten, J., & Morton, T. A. (2013) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.09.013 · Cited by 525
A systematic review of longitudinal risk factors for loneliness in older adults
Dahlberg, L., McKee, K., Frank, A., & Naseer, M. (2021) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2021.1876638 · Cited by 598
Loneliness and depression in the elderly: the role of social network
Domènech-Abella, J., Lara, E., Rubio-Valera, M., Olaya, B., Moneta, M. V., Rico-Uribe, L. A., Ayuso-Mateos, J. L., Mundó, J., & Haro, J. M. (2017) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-017-1339-3 · Cited by 508
Depression and Social Identity: An Integrative Review
Cruwys, T., Haslam, S. A., Dingle, G. A., Haslam, C., & Jetten, J. (2014) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868314523839 · Cited by 498
Social support, social strain, loneliness, and well-being among older adults
Chen, Y., & Feeley, T. H. (2013) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407513488728 · Cited by 546
Shanahan, L., Steinhoff, A., Bechtiger, L., Murray, A. L., Nivette, A. E., Hepp, U., Ribeaud, D., & Eisner, M. (2020) · Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) · doi:10.17863/cam.57251 · Cited by 499
Domènech-Abella, J., Mundó, J., Haro, J. M., & Rubio-Valera, M. (2019) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.043 · Cited by 469
Krendl, A. C., & Perry, B. L. (2020) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbaa110 · Cited by 535
Perceived social isolation, evolutionary fitness and health outcomes: a lifespan approach
Hawkley, L. C., & Capitanio, J. P. (2015) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2014.0114 · Cited by 468
Self-citationOECD (2021) · OECD eBooks · doi:10.1787/2965f4fe-en · Cited by 500
Loneliness, depression and cognitive function in older U.S. adults
Donovan, N. J., Wu, Q., Rentz, D. M., Sperling, R. A., Marshall, G. A., & Glymour, M. M. (2017) · International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/gps.4495 · Cited by 465
Loneliness over time: The crucial role of social anxiety.
Lim, M. H., Rodebaugh, T. L., Zyphur, M. J., & Gleeson, J. F. M. (2016) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000162 · Cited by 443
Lim, M. H., Eres, R., & Vasan, S. (2020) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-020-01889-7 · Cited by 438
Social relationships and depression: ten-year follow-up from a nationally representative study
Teo, A. R., Choi, H., & Valenstein, M. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0062396 · Cited by 423
Ge, L., Yap, C. W., Ong, R., & Heng, B. H. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0182145 · Cited by 467
The Stability and Change of Loneliness Across the Life Span: A Meta-Analysis of Longitudinal Studies
Mund, M., Freuding, M. M., Möbius, K., Horn, N., & Neyer, F. J. (2020) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868319850738 · Cited by 417
Loneliness, friendship, and well-being in adults with autism spectrum disorders
Mazurek, M. O. (2014) · Autism · doi:10.1177/1362361312474121 · Cited by 401
Lonely young adults in modern Britain: findings from an epidemiological cohort study
Matthews, T., Danese, A., Caspi, A., Fisher, H. L., Goldman-Mellor, S., Kepa, A., Moffitt, T. E., Odgers, C. L., & Arseneault, L. (2019) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291718000788 · Cited by 381
Loneliness in the Modern Age: An Evolutionary Theory of Loneliness (ETL)
Cacioppo, J. T., & Cacioppo, S. (2018) · Advances in Experimental Social Psychology · doi:10.1016/bs.aesp.2018.03.003 · Cited by 481
Self-citationLoneliness and the onset of new mental health problems in the general population
Mann, F., Wang, J., Pearce, E., Ma, R., Schlief, M., Lloyd‐Evans, B., Ikhtabi, S., & Johnson, S. (2022) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-022-02261-7 · Cited by 426
Social isolation and loneliness: Prospective associations with functional status in older adults.
Shankar, A., McMunn, A., Demakakos, P., Hamer, M., & Steptoe, A. (2016) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/hea0000437 · Cited by 418
Loneliness and the Big Five Personality Traits: A Meta–Analysis
Buecker, S., Maes, M., Denissen, J. J. A., & Luhmann, M. (2020) · European Journal of Personality · doi:10.1002/per.2229 · Cited by 452
Loneliness at Universities: Determinants of Emotional and Social Loneliness among Students
Diehl, K., Jansen, C., Ishchanova, K., & Hilger-Kolb, J. (2018) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph15091865 · Cited by 373
Lara, E., Martín-María, N., De la Torre-Luque, A., Koyanagi, A., Vancampfort, D., Izquierdo, A., & Miret, M. (2019) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2019.03.002 · Cited by 351
Social Isolation, Loneliness, and Health Behaviors at Older Ages: Longitudinal Cohort Study
Kobayashi, L. C., & Steptoe, A. (2018) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1093/abm/kax033 · Cited by 351
Pain, depression, and fatigue: Loneliness as a longitudinal risk factor.
Jaremka, L. M., Andridge, R. R., Fagundes, C. P., Alfano, C. M., Povoski, S. P., Lipari, A. M., Agnese, D. M., Arnold, M. W., Farrar, W. B., Yee, L. D., et al. (2014) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0034012 · Cited by 346
Laursen, B., & Hartl, A. C. (2013) · Journal of Adolescence · doi:10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.06.003 · Cited by 339
Interpersonal emotion regulation as a mechanism of social support in depression
Marroquín, B. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2011.09.005 · Cited by 414
Loneliness and risk of dementia
Sutin, A. R., Stephan, Y., Luchetti, M., & Terracciano, A. (2020) · The Journals of Gerontology: Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gby112 · Cited by 331
Feelings of loneliness among adults with mental disorder
Meltzer, H., Bebbington, P., Dennis, M. S., Jenkins, R., McManus, S., & Brugha, T. S. (2013) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-012-0515-8 · Cited by 303
Bidirectional Dynamics of Materialism and Loneliness: Not Just a Vicious Cycle
Pieters, R. G. M. (2013) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/671564 · Cited by 327
Valtorta, N. K., Kanaan, M., Gilbody, S., & Hanratty, B. (2018) · European Journal of Preventive Cardiology · doi:10.1177/2047487318792696 · Cited by 323
Social Participation and Depression in Old Age: A Fixed-Effects Analysis in 10 European Countries
Croezen, S., Avendano, M., Burdorf, A., & van Lenthe, F. J. (2015) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwv015 · Cited by 305
Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Model of Mood and Anxiety Disorders
Hofmann, S. G. (2014) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-014-9620-1 · Cited by 320
Loneliness predicts pain, depression, and fatigue: Understanding the role of immune dysregulation
Jaremka, L. M., Fagundes, C. P., Glaser, R., Bennett, J. M., Malarkey, W. B., & Kiecolt‐Glaser, J. K. (2012) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.11.016 · Cited by 335
From loss to loneliness: The relationship between bereavement and depressive symptoms.
Fried, E. I., Bockting, C., Arjadi, R., Borsboom, D., Amshoff, M., Cramer, A. O. J., Epskamp, S., Tuerlinckx, F., Carr, D., & Stroebe, M. (2015) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000028 · Cited by 332
A Systematic Review of Loneliness and Common Chronic Physical Conditions in Adults
Petitte, T. M., Mallow, J. A., Barnes, E. R., Petrone, A. B., Barr, T. L., & Theeke, L. A. (2015) · The Open Psychology Journal · doi:10.2174/1874350101508010113 · Cited by 311
Social support mediates loneliness and depression in elderly people
Liu, L., Gou, Z., & Zuo, J. (2016) · Journal of Health Psychology · doi:10.1177/1359105314536941 · Cited by 352
Loneliness, Resilience, Mental Health, and Quality of Life in Old Age: A Structural Equation Model
Gerino, E., Rollè, L., Sechi, C., & Brustia, P. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.02003 · Cited by 343
Urban nature as a source of resilience during social distancing amidst the coronavirus pandemicPreprint
Samuelsson, K., Barthel, S., Colding, J., Macassa, G., & Giusti, M. (2020) · OSF Preprints (OSF Preprints) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/3wx5a · Cited by 320
“Where are all the lonely people?” A population-based study of high-risk groups across the life span
Lasgaard, M., Friis, K., & Shevlin, M. (2016) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-016-1279-3 · Cited by 282
Predictors of loneliness among older women and men in Sweden: A national longitudinal study
Dahlberg, L., Andersson, L. F., McKee, K., & Lennartsson, C. (2014) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2014.944091 · Cited by 330
Acute social isolation evokes midbrain craving responses similar to hunger
Tomova, L., Wang, K. L., Thompson, T., Matthews, G. A., Takahashi, A., Tye, K. M., & Saxe, R. (2020) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-020-00742-z · Cited by 283
Neural mechanisms of social homeostasis
Matthews, G. A., & Tye, K. M. (2019) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.14016 · Cited by 273
Zhong, B.-L., Chen, S.-L., Tu, X., & Conwell, Y. (2017) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbw037 · Cited by 259
Su, Y., Rao, W., Li, M., Caron, G., D’Arcy, C., & Meng, X. (2022) · International Psychogeriatrics · doi:10.1017/s1041610222000199 · Cited by 283
Nicolaisen, M., & Thorsen, K. (2014) · The International Journal of Aging and Human Development · doi:10.2190/ag.78.3.b · Cited by 277
Hofmann, S. G., Carpenter, J. K., & Curtiss, J. (2016) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-016-9756-2 · Cited by 279
A study on the sleep quality of incoming university students
Cheng, S. H., Shih, C.-C., Lee, I. H., Hou, Y.-W., Chen, K. C., Chen, K., Yang, Y. K., & Yang, Y. C. (2012) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.08.011 · Cited by 292
Hickin, N., Käll, A., Shafran, R., Sutcliffe, S., Manzotti, G., & Langan, D. (2021) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102066 · Cited by 295
Loneliness and Mortality Among Older Adults in China
Luo, Y., & Waite, L. J. (2014) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbu007 · Cited by 252
The major health implications of social connection
Holt-Lunstad, J. (2021) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/0963721421999630 · Cited by 273
Association of Higher Cortical Amyloid Burden With Loneliness in Cognitively Normal Older Adults
Donovan, N. J., Okereke, O. I., Vannini, P., Amariglio, R. E., Rentz, D. M., Marshall, G. A., Johnson, K. A., & Sperling, R. A. (2016) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2016.2657 · Cited by 261
Cruwys, T., Haslam, S. A., Dingle, G. A., Jetten, J., Hornsey, M. J., Chong, E. M. D., & Oei, T. P. S. (2014) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2014.02.019 · Cited by 294
Strategies to Promote Social Connections Among Older Adults During “Social Distancing” Restrictions
Orden, K. A. V., Bower, E. S., Lutz, J., Silva, C., Gallegos, A. M., Podgorski, C. A., Santos, E. J. F., & Conwell, Y. (2020) · American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jagp.2020.05.004 · Cited by 277
Safe but Lonely? Loneliness, Anxiety, and Depression Symptoms and COVID-19
Okruszek, Ł., Aniszewska-Stańczuk, A., Piejka, A., Wiśniewska, M., & Żurek, K. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.579181 · Cited by 265
Niedzwiedz, C. L., Richardson, E. A., Tunstall, H., Shortt, N., Mitchell, R., & Pearce, J. R. (2016) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.07.016 · Cited by 266
Loneliness Across Phylogeny and a Call for Comparative Studies and Animal Models
Cacioppo, J. T., Cacioppo, S., Cole, S. W., Capitanio, J. P., Goossens, L., & Boomsma, D. I. (2015) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691614564876 · Cited by 241
Self-citationVideo calls for reducing social isolation and loneliness in older people: a rapid review
Noone, C., McSharry, J., Smalle, M., Burns, A., Dwan, K., Devane, D., & Morrissey, E. C. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013632 · Cited by 226
Goll, J. C., Charlesworth, G. M., Scior, K., & Stott, J. C. H. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116664 · Cited by 266
Loneliness in psychosis: a systematic review
Lim, M. H., Gleeson, J., Álvarez‐Jiménez, M., & Penn, D. L. (2018) · Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology · doi:10.1007/s00127-018-1482-5 · Cited by 252
Deckx, L., van den Akker, M., & Buntinx, F. (2014) · European Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ejon.2014.05.002 · Cited by 206
Czaja, S. J., Moxley, J. H., & Rogers, W. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.728658 · Cited by 235
Network analysis of persistent complex bereavement disorder in conjugally bereaved adults.
Robinaugh, D. J., LeBlanc, N. J., Vuletich, H. A., & McNally, R. J. (2014) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/abn0000002 · Cited by 219
(The Feeling of) Meaning-as-Information
Heintzelman, S. J., & King, L. A. (2014) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868313518487 · Cited by 240
Loneliness Increases the Risk of All-Cause Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease
Sundström, A., Adolfsson, A. N., Nordin, M., & Adolfsson, R. (2019) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbz139 · Cited by 240
Stress and perceived social isolation (loneliness)
Campagne, D. M. (2019) · Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics · doi:10.1016/j.archger.2019.02.007 · Cited by 240
Vanhalst, J., Klimstra, T. A., Luyckx, K., Scholte, R. H. J., Engels, R. C. M. E., & Goossens, L. (2012) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-011-9726-7 · Cited by 208
Experiences of Loneliness Associated with Being an Informal Caregiver: A Qualitative Investigation
Vasileiou, K., Barnett, J. C., Barreto, M., Vines, J., Atkinson, M., Lawson, S. W., & Wilson, M. L. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00585 · Cited by 224
Emotional Labor Dynamics: A Momentary Approach
Gabriel, A. S., & Diefendorff, J. M. (2015) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2013.1135 · Cited by 206
Adolescent Loneliness and Health in Early Adulthood
Goosby, B. J., Bellatorre, A., Walsemann, K. M., & Cheadle, J. E. (2013) · Sociological Inquiry · doi:10.1111/soin.12018 · Cited by 231
Davies, K., Maharani, A., Chandola, T., Todd, C. J., & Pendleton, N. (2021) · The Lancet Healthy Longevity · doi:10.1016/s2666-7568(20)30038-6 · Cited by 219
Zhao, X., Zhang, D., Wu, M., Yang, Y., Xie, H., Li, Y., Jia, J., & Su, Y. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.07.011 · Cited by 202
Use of Direct Versus Indirect Approaches to Measure Loneliness in Later Life
Shiovitz-Ezra, S., & Ayalon, L. (2012) · Research on Aging · doi:10.1177/0164027511423258 · Cited by 201
The burden of loneliness: Implications of the social determinants of health during COVID-19
McQuaid, R. J., Cox, S. M. L., Ogunlana, A., & Jaworska, N. (2020) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113648 · Cited by 216
Individual and social benefits of online discussion forums
Pendry, L. F., & Salvatore, J. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.067 · Cited by 220
Metadata
- Authors
- Cacioppo, J. T., Hawkley, L. C., & Thisted, R. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Chicago (US)
- Venue
- Psychology and Aging
- Published
- 2010
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 453-463
- ISSN
- 0882-7974 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-1498
- PMC
- PMC2922929
- OpenAlex
- W2098003297
- Cited by
- 1,757
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 95 · 2025: 161 · 2024: 134 · 2023: 175 · 2022: 193 · 2021: 207 · 2020: 178 · 2019: 146 · 2018: 113 · 2017: 80 · 2016: 65 · 2015: 66 · 2014: 57 · 2013: 35 · 2012: 24
- FWCI
- 27.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychology and Aging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (PO1 AG18911; RO1 AG034052-01)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Keywords
- loneliness, depressive symptoms, social isolation, older adults, prospective associations, social support, perceived stress, life events, neuroticism, social network size, physical function, ethnicity, gender differences
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Age Factors, Aged, Black or African American, Depressive Disorder, Female, Health Surveys, Hispanic or Latino, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Life Change Events, Loneliness, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Social Isolation, Social Support, White People
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
