Early social deprivation and the social buffering of cortisol stress responses in late childhood: an experimental study
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The goal of the present study was to investigate the role of early social deprivation in shaping the effectiveness of parent support to alleviate hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis-stress responses of children (ages 8.9-11, M = 9.83 years, SD = .55). The sample was equally divided between children who had been adopted internationally from orphanage care by age 5 (n = 40) and an age- and gender-matched group of nonadopted (NA) children (n = 40). On average, internationally adopted children were invited to the laboratory 7.6 years postadoption (SD = 1.45). We experimentally manipulated the provision of parent support during the 5-min speech preparation period before a modified Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) and examined its effect on levels of salivary cortisol secreted in response to this laboratory stressor. All participants were randomly assigned to receive support from their parent or a stranger. Analyses revealed a significant interaction of support condition and group such that parent support significantly dampened the cortisol-stress response in NA children compared with support from a stranger, whereas the cortisol response curves of postinstitutionalized (PI) children did not differ between the parent- and stranger-support conditions. Cortisol reactivity for PI children in both conditions was lower than that of NA children in the stranger-support condition. Social deprivation during the first few years of life may shape neurobehavioral development in ways that reduce selective responses to caregivers versus strangers.
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Parental support no longer buffers HPA axis reactivity during puberty/adolescence.
“Interestingly, parental support no longer buffers HPA axis reactivity during this developmental stage (110).”
From Developmental Trajectories of Early Life Stress and Trauma: A Narrative Review on Neurobiological Aspects Beyond Stress System Dysregulation (2019) · cites this paper as [110]
The Social Buffering of the HPA Axis section reports that parental presence was no longer effective at buffering HPA reactivity in typically developing adolescents aged 15–16. The Discussion says whether changes during ages 11–13.5 are linked to puberty or chronological age remains under study. The claim therefore extends a finding for 15–16-year-olds to puberty or adolescence more broadly. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredStress responsivity in early childhood decreases with age throughout the preschool period, suggesting a potential social buffering of the HPA axis by a nurturing caregiver, who may operate as a safety signal.
“Some longitudinal studies suggest that stress responsivity in early childhood decreases with age throughout the preschool period (101, 105–107), suggesting a potential social buffering of the HPA axis by a nurturing caregiver, who may operate as a safety signal (108–110).”
From Developmental Trajectories of Early Life Stress and Trauma: A Narrative Review on Neurobiological Aspects Beyond Stress System Dysregulation (2019) · cites this paper as [110]
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- Authors
- Hostinar, C. E., Johnson, A. E., & Gunnar, M. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Venue
- Developmental Psychology
- Published
- 2015-11
- Volume
- 51
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1597-1608
- ISSN
- 0012-1649 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0599
- PMC
- PMC4623953
- OpenAlex
- W1638637894
- Semantic Scholar
- 6ca57c24bfd5d47c1638567cf51c2f7d8381469d
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 55
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 2.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Developmental Psychology (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Sponsor name not included
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (NIH T32HD007151)
- National Institutes of Health (P50 MH078105)
- University of Minnesota
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Child Welfare and Adoption
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- social buffering, cortisol stress response, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, parental support, international adoption, orphanage care, Trier Social Stress Test, salivary cortisol, late childhood, neurobehavioral development
- MeSH terms
- Adoption, Child, Child, Institutionalized, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Psychosocial Deprivation, Random Allocation, Saliva, Stress, Psychological, Parenting
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