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A multimodal language region in the ventral visual pathway
Abstract
Reading words and naming pictures involves the association of visual stimuli with phonological and semantic knowledge. Damage to a region of the brain in the left basal posterior temporal lobe (BA37), which is strategically situated between the visual cortex and the more anterior temporal cortex, leads to reading and naming deficits. Additional evidence implicating this region in linguistic processing comes from functional neuroimaging studies of reading in normal subjects and subjects with developmental dyslexia. Here we test whether the visual component of reading is essential for activation of BA37 by comparing cortical activations elicited by word processing in congenitally blind, late-blind and sighted subjects using functional neuroimaging. Despite the different modalities used (visual and tactile), all groups of subjects showed a common activation of BA37 by words relative to non-word letter-strings. These findings agree with the proposal that BA37 is an association area that integrates converging inputs from many regions. Our study confirms a prediction of theories of brain function that depend on convergence zones; the absence of one input (that is, visual) does not alter the response properties of such a convergence region.
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“Although nearby regions are active in word tasks that involve nonvisual modalities [17], such regions are typically significantly more anterior than the VWFA [8].”
From The visual word form area: expertise for reading in the fusiform gyrus (2003) · cites this paper as [17]
In the citing paper
“As already noted by Bu ¨chel et al. (1998), words in modalities other than the visual yielded activations more anterior (average y = 43) than those typical of the visual word form (average y = 60).”
From Specialization within the ventral stream: the case for the visual word form area (2004) · cites this paper as Büchel et al. (1998)
In the citing paper
“Second, the VWFA responds more to words or to pseudo-words than to random consonant strings that violate orthographic constraints (Beauregard et al., 1997; Bu ¨chel et al., 1998; Cohen et al., 2002; Price et al., 1996; Rees et al., 1999; Xu et al., 2001).”
From Specialization within the ventral stream: the case for the visual word form area (2004) · cites this paper as Büchel et al., 1998
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Metadata
- Authors
- Büchel, C., Price, C., & Friston, K.
- Affiliations
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology (GB)
- National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Büchel, Christian
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 1998-07
- Volume
- 394
- Issue
- 6690
- Pages
- 274-277
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W1679149859
- Cited by
- 378
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 15
- FWCI
- 36.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust (051067)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Reading and Literacy Development
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Keywords
- ventral stream, reading, word processing, congenital blindness, late blindness, convergence region, multimodal language processing, visual word recognition
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blindness, Humans, Language, Middle Aged, Models, Neurological, Parietal Lobe, Reading, Sensory Aids, Temporal Lobe, Tomography, Emission-Computed, Touch, Visual Pathways, Visual Perception
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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