Three-dimensional organotypic culture: experimental models of mammalian biology and disease
Open accessAbstract
Mammalian organs are challenging to study as they are fairly inaccessible to experimental manipulation and optical observation. Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) culture techniques, coupled with the ability to independently manipulate genetic and microenvironmental factors, have enabled the real-time study of mammalian tissues. These systems have been used to visualize the cellular basis of epithelial morphogenesis, to test the roles of specific genes in regulating cell behaviours within epithelial tissues and to elucidate the contribution of microenvironmental factors to normal and disease processes. Collectively, these novel models can be used to answer fundamental biological questions and generate replacement human tissues, and they enable testing of novel therapeutic approaches, often using patient-derived cells.
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Organoids developed in artificial in vitro conditions retain the organ identity.
“Organoids developed in the artificial in vitro conditions retain the organ identity,[ 16 , 17 ]”
From Sweat Gland Organoids Originating from Reprogrammed Epidermal Keratinocytes Functionally Recapitulated Damaged Skin (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
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- Authors
- Shamir, E. R., & Ewald, A. J.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ewald, Andrew J.
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology
- Published
- 2014-09-17
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 647-664
- ISSN
- 1471-0072 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-0080
- PMC
- PMC4352326
- OpenAlex
- W2052700237
- Cited by
- 719
- References
- 199
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 41 · 2023: 51 · 2022: 67 · 2021: 71 · 2020: 95 · 2019: 64 · 2018: 71 · 2017: 90 · 2016: 74 · 2015: 36
- FWCI
- 5.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel (GEOMAR) (acceptedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Cancer Institute (U01CA155758, P30CA006973)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (T32GM007309)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › Cellular Mechanics and Interactions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Cells and Metastasis
- Keywords
- organotypic culture, 3D cell culture, epithelial morphogenesis, micro-environmental factors, organ models, tissue engineering, patient-derived cells, disease models, therapeutic testing
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Epithelial Cells, Epithelium, Gene Expression Regulation, Mammals, Morphogenesis, Organ Culture Techniques, Cell Culture Techniques, Cell Proliferation, Cellular Microenvironment
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