Three-Dimensional Cell Cultures in Drug Discovery and Development
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The past decades have witnessed significant efforts toward the development of three-dimensional (3D) cell cultures as systems that better mimic in vivo physiology. Today, 3D cell cultures are emerging, not only as a new tool in early drug discovery but also as potential therapeutics to treat disease. In this review, we assess leading 3D cell culture technologies and their impact on drug discovery, including spheroids, organoids, scaffolds, hydrogels, organs-on-chips, and 3D bioprinting. We also discuss the implementation of these technologies in compound identification, screening, and development, ranging from disease modeling to assessment of efficacy and safety profiles.
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Conventional 2D cell monolayers and 3D cell culture models are unable to recapitulate the complex biochemical and biophysical factors of the tumor microenvironment in vivo because they lack the systemic nature of tumors, leading to weak predictive ability.
“2D cell monolayers and three-dimensional cell culture models have been widely employed as initial screening models to provide a cost-efficient and simplified method to elucidate the mechanism of cancer biology or identify the efficacy and safety of a drug candidate14–16; however, they are unable to recapitulate complex biochemical and biophysical factors of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in vivo”
From Tumor-on-a-chip: from bioinspired design to biomedical application (2021) · cites this paper as [20]
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [103]Fang Y. Label-Free Chemical and Phenotypic Profiling of Living Cells. Sci. Lett. 2015, 4, 156.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
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- Authors
- Fang, Y., & Eglen, R. M.
- Affiliations
- Corning (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Eglen, Richard M.
- Venue
- SLAS Discovery
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-06
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 456-472
- ISSN
- 2472-5552 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5448717
- OpenAlex
- W2607618862
- Cited by
- 849
- References
- 146
- Citations by year
- 2026: 57 · 2025: 79 · 2024: 85 · 2023: 85 · 2022: 114 · 2021: 126 · 2020: 114 · 2019: 104 · 2018: 75 · 2017: 8
- FWCI
- 6.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- erratum (2021-10-01)
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- SLAS DISCOVERY (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › 3D Printing in Biomedical Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Cells and Metastasis
- Keywords
- 3D cell culture, drug discovery, spheroids, organoids, scaffolds, hydrogels, organ-on-a-chip, 3D bioprinting, disease modeling, compound screening
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor, Humans, Cell Culture Techniques, Drug Discovery
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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