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Diet-microbiota interactions and personalized nutrition
Abstract
Conceptual scientific and medical advances have led to a recent realization that there may be no single, one-size-fits-all diet and that differential human responses to dietary inputs may rather be driven by unique and quantifiable host and microbiome features. Integration of these person-specific host and microbiome readouts into actionable modules may complement traditional food measurement approaches in devising diets that are of benefit to the individual. Although many host-derived factors are hardwired and difficult to modulate, the microbiome may be more readily reshaped by environmental factors such as dietary exposures and is increasingly recognized to potentially impact human physiology by participating in digestion, the absorption of nutrients, shaping of the mucosal immune response and the synthesis or modulation of a plethora of potentially bioactive compounds. Thus, diet-induced microbiota alterations may be harnessed in order to induce changes in host physiology, including disease development and progression. However, major limitations in 'big-data' processing and analysis still limit our interpretive and translational capabilities concerning these person-specific host, microbiome and diet interactions. In this Review, we describe the latest advances in understanding diet-microbiota interactions, the individuality of gut microbiota composition and how this knowledge could be harnessed for personalized nutrition strategies to improve human health.
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“Because of infinite confounders such as medication history, geographical variation in food availability and quality, and host-specific factors, there is large interindividual variation between the responses to dietary interventions for PD, as seen for other chronic conditions [187].”
From The gut–brain axis in early Parkinson’s disease: from prodrome to prevention (2025) · cites this paper as [187]
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“Microbiome-mediated links between diet and health have been prevalently investigated by considering the role of the abiotic components of foods. 35-41”
From Unexplored microbial diversity from 2,500 food metagenomes and links with the human microbiome. (2024) · cites this paper as [35]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kolodziejczyk, A. A., Zheng, D., & Elinav, E.
- Affiliations
- Weizmann Institute of Science (IL)
- Sun Yat-sen University (CN)
- German Cancer Research Center (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Elinav, Eran
- Venue
- Nature Reviews Microbiology
- Published
- 2019-09-20
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 742-753
- ISSN
- 1740-1526 (ISSN-L)
- 1740-1534
- OpenAlex
- W2974721962
- Cited by
- 879
- References
- 174
- Citations by year
- 2026: 89 · 2025: 122 · 2024: 131 · 2023: 125 · 2022: 143 · 2021: 175 · 2020: 88 · 2019: 6
- FWCI
- 9.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nature Reviews Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Nutrition, Genetics, and Disease
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Keywords
- diet-microbiome interactions, gut microbiota, personalized nutrition, host-microbiome interactions, host physiology, mucosal immune response, nutrient absorption, disease development, big data analytics
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Host Microbial Interactions, Diet, Humans, Individuality, Precision Medicine, Microbiota
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