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Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome
Open accessAbstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the pathogen responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has resulted in global healthcare crises and strained health resources. As the population of patients recovering from COVID-19 grows, it is paramount to establish an understanding of the healthcare issues surrounding them. COVID-19 is now recognized as a multi-organ disease with a broad spectrum of manifestations. Similarly to post-acute viral syndromes described in survivors of other virulent coronavirus epidemics, there are increasing reports of persistent and prolonged effects after acute COVID-19. Patient advocacy groups, many members of which identify themselves as long haulers, have helped contribute to the recognition of post-acute COVID-19, a syndrome characterized by persistent symptoms and/or delayed or long-term complications beyond 4 weeks from the onset of symptoms. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the current literature on post-acute COVID-19, its pathophysiology and its organ-specific sequelae. Finally, we discuss relevant considerations for the multidisciplinary care of COVID-19 survivors and propose a framework for the identification of those at high risk for post-acute COVID-19 and their coordinated management through dedicated COVID-19 clinics.
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“Long COVID includes persisting symptoms, following directly after an infection with the COVID-19 virus”
From Health, well-being, and persisting symptoms in the pandemic: What is the role of psychological flexibility? (2022) · cites this paper as Nalbandian et al., 2021
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Metadata
- Authors
- Nalbandian, A., Sehgal, K., Gupta, A., Madhavan, M. V., McGroder, C., Stevens, J. S., Cook, J. R., Nordvig, A. S., Shalev, D., Sehrawat, T. S., Ahluwalia, N., Bikdeli, B., Dietz, D., Der-Nigoghossian, C., Liyanage-Don, N., Rosner, G. F., Bernstein, E. J., Mohan, S., Beckley, A. A., Seres, D. S., Choueiri, T. K., Uriel, N., Ausiello, J. C., Accili, D., Freedberg, D. E., Baldwin, M., Schwartz, A., Brodie, D., Garcia, C. K., Elkind, M. S. V., Connors, J. M., Bilezikian, J. P., Landry, D. W., & Wan, E. Y.
- Affiliations
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Yale New Haven Hospital (US)
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sehgal, Kartik
- Wan, Elaine Y.
- ORCID
- Nalbandian, Ani
- Sehgal, Kartik
- Gupta, Aakriti
- Madhavan, Mahesh V.
- McGroder, Claire
- Stevens, Jacob S.
- Cook, Joshua R.
- Nordvig, Anna S.
- Shalev, Daniel
- Sehrawat, Tejasav S.
- Ahluwalia, Neha
- Bikdeli, Behnood
- Der-Nigoghossian, Caroline
- Liyanage-Don, Nadia
- Bernstein, Elana J.
- Mohan, Sumit
- Beckley, Akinpelumi A.
- Seres, David S.
- Choueiri, Toni K.
- Uriel, Nir
- Ausiello, John C.
- Accili, Domenico
- Freedberg, Daniel E.
- Baldwin, Matthew
- Schwartz, Allan
- Brodie, Daniel
- Garcia, Christine Kim
- Elkind, Mitchell S. V.
- Connors, Jean M.
- Bilezikian, John P.
- Landry, Donald W.
- Wan, Elaine Y.
- Venue
- Nature Medicine
- Published
- 2021-03-22
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 601-615
- ISSN
- 1078-8956 (ISSN-L)
- 1546-170X
- PMC
- PMC8893149
- OpenAlex
- W3136955306
- Cited by
- 4,862
- References
- 233
- Citations by year
- 2026: 324 · 2025: 502 · 2024: 827 · 2023: 1161 · 2022: 1379 · 2021: 666
- FWCI
- 129.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | National Institutes of Health (T32 HL007854, 5T32 NS007153, R01-DK114893, R01-MD014161, U01-DK116066, K23 DK111847, R01 HL152236, R03 HL146881)
- National Science Foundation (2032726)
- U.S. Department of Defense (PR181960)
- The Esther Aboodi Endowed Professorship at Columbia University, and the Wu Family Research fund
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Keywords
- long COVID, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 survivors, persistent symptoms, late complications, pathophysiology, multidisciplinary care, risk identification, patient advocacy
- MeSH terms
- COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Acute Disease, Cardiovascular Diseases, Humans, Patient Advocacy, Syndrome, Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome, Venous Thromboembolism
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