Cerebrospinal Fluid Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Perceived Early-Life Stress in Depressed Patients and Healthy Control Subjects
Abstract
Previous studies have reported elevated concentrations of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in patients with major depression. Elevations of CSF CRF have also been reported in adult laboratory animals exposed to the stress of brief maternal deprivation or maternal neglect in the neonatal or preweaning period. The present study was designed to determine whether major depression and a history of perceived early adversity in childhood are independently associated with elevated CSF CRF concentrations in adults. In this case-control study, 27 medication-free adults with major depression and 25 matched controls underwent standardized lumbar puncture for collection of a single CSF sample at 1200. Subjects provided data about significant adverse early-life experiences and rated their global perceived level of stress during pre-school and preteen years on a six-point Likert scale. The mean difference in CSF CRF between depressed patients and controls did not reach statistical significance. In a regression model, perceived early-life stress was a significant predictor of CSF CRF, but depression was not. Perinatal adversity and perceived adversity in the preteen adversity years (ages 6-13 years) were both independently associated with decreasing CSF CRF concentrations. The relationship observed between perceived early-life stress and adult CSF CRF concentrations in this study closely parallels recent preclinical findings. More work is needed to elucidate the…
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In some cases, childhood stress sustains CRF hyperactivity and increases stress responses in adulthood, which results in oversecretion of cerebral CRF and eventually leads to depression.
“However, in some cases, childhood stress sustains CRF hyperactivity and increases stress responses in adulthood, which then results in the oversecretion of cerebral CRF and eventually leads to depression[75,76].”
From Neuroinflammation and cytokine abnormality in major depression: cause or consequence in that illness? (2016) · cites this paper as [76]
Elevated CSF levels of CRF in adults associate with a history of childhood maltreatment, poor quality of parental care, and childhood stressful experience.
“Elevated CSF levels of CRF in adults associate with a history of childhood maltreatment,58,59 a poor quality of parental care,60 and childhood stressful experience.61”
From Early life adversity and the epigenetic programming of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function (2014) · cites this paper as [61]
Cites
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817 · see citing works
Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress
Bloom, F. E., & Kupfer, D. J. (1995) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 2,985 · see citing works
Impact of child sexual abuse: A review of the research.
Browne, A., & Finkelhor, D. (1986) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.99.1.66 · Cited by 2,622 · see citing works
Heim, C. (2000) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.284.5.592 · Cited by 1,968 · see citing works
Plotsky, P. M., & Meaney, M. J. (1993) · Molecular Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0169-328x(93)90189-v · Cited by 1,638 · see citing works
Nemeroff, C. B., Widerlöv, E., Bissette, G., Walléus, H., Karlsson, I., Eklund, K., Kilts, C. D., Loosen, P. T., & Vale, W. (1984) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6334362 · Cited by 1,485 · see citing works
Self-citationMeaney, M. J., Diorio, J., Francis, D., Widdowson, J., LaPlante, P., Caldji, C., Sharma, S., Seckl, J. R., & Plotsky, P. M. (2010) · Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1159/000111395 · Cited by 878 · see citing works
Psychopharmacology: The Fourth Generation of Progress
Kramlinger, K. G. (1995) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.4065/70.10.1021-a · Cited by 779 · see citing works
Heim, C., Newport, D. J., Bonsall, R., Miller, A. H., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2001) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.158.4.575 · Cited by 746 · see citing works
Self-citationMathur, R. (2004) · Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd. eBooks · doi:10.5005/jp/books/10243_6 · Cited by 669 · see citing works
Coplan, J. D., Andrews, M. W., Rosenblum, L. A., Owens, M. J., Friedman, S., Gorman, J. M., & Nemeroff, C. B. (1996) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.93.4.1619 · Cited by 649 · see citing works
Self-citationLadd, C. O., Owens, M. J., & Nemeroff, C. B. (1996) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.137.4.8625891 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Self-citationMeaney, M. J., Aitken, D. H., Viau, V., Sharma, S., & Sarrieau, A. (2008) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000125287 · Cited by 457 · see citing works
Heim, C., Newport, D. J., Wagner, D., Wilcox, M. M., Miller, A. H., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2002) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.10015 · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Self-citationShanks, N., Windle, R. J., Perks, P. A., Harbuz, M. S., Jessop, D. S., Ingram, C. D., & Lightman, S. L. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.090571897 · Cited by 374 · see citing works
CSF corticotropin-releasing factor-like immunoreactivity in depression and schizophrenia
Bánki, C. M., Bissette, G., Arató, M., O'Connor, L., & Nemeroff, C. B. (1987) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.144.7.873 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Self-citation(1993) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.150.4.656 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Parental Depression: Animal Models of an Adverse Life Event
Newport, D. J., Stowe, Z. N., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2002) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.159.8.1265 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Self-citationNemeroff, C. B., Bissette, G., Akil, H., & Fink, M. (1991) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.158.1.59 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Effects of Varying Environmental Demands on Maternal and Infant Behavior
Rosenblum, L. A., & Paully, G. S. (1984) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1984.tb00293.x · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Childhood victimization and pain in adulthood: a prospective investigation
Raphael, K. G., Widom, C. S., & Lange, G. (2001) · Pain · doi:10.1016/s0304-3959(01)00270-6 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Early Parental Loss and Development of Adult Psychopathology
Breier, A. F. (1988) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1988.01800350021003 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
CSF corticotropin-releasing hormone in depressed patients and normal control subjects
Roy, A., Pickar, D., Paul, S. M., Doran, A., Chrousos, G. P., & Gold, P. W. (1987) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.144.5.641 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
van Oers, H. J. J., de Kloet, E. R., & Levine, S. D. (1998) · Developmental Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0165-3806(98)00143-6 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Banki, C. M., Karmacsi, L., Bissette, G., & Nemeroff, C. B. (1992) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/0924-977x(92)90019-5 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Self-citationKling, M. A., Roy, A., Doran, R. J., Calabrese, J. R., Rubinow, D. R., DAVID, H. J., May, C., Post, R. M., Chrousos, G. P., & Gold, P. W. (1991) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-72-2-260 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Prenatal immune challenge alters the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical axis in adult rats.
Reul, J. M. H. M., Stec, I. S. M., Wiegers, G. J., Labeur, M. S., Linthorst, A. C. E., ARZT, E. S., & Holsboer, F. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci117272 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Coplan, J. D., Smith, E. L. P., Altemus, M., Scharf, B. A., Owens, M. J., Nemeroff, C. B., Gorman, J. M., & Rosenblum, L. A. (2001) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01175-1 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Self-citationRussek, L. G., & Schwartz, G. (1997) · Journal of behavioral medicine · doi:10.1023/a:1025525428213 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Geracioti, T. D., Orth, D. N., Ekhator, N. N., Blumenkopf, B., & Loosen, P. T. (1992) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.74.6.1317385 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Perceptions of Parental Caring Predict Health Status in Midlife
Russek, L. G., & SCHWARTZ, G. E. R. (1997) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199703000-00005 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Low cerebrospinal fluid corticotropin-releasing hormone concentrations in eucortisolemic depression
Geracioti, T. D., Loosen, P. T., & Orth, D. N. (1997) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00312-5 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Post, R. M., Gold, P. W., Rubinow, D. R., Ballenger, J. C., Bunney, W. E., & Goodwin, F. (1982) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/0024-3205(82)90394-0 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Hodgson, D. M., Knott, B., & Walker, F. R. (2001) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1203/00006450-200112000-00020 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Cerebrospinal fluid neuropeptides in mood disorder and dementia
Bánki, C. M., Karmacsi, L., Bissette, G., & Nemeroff, C. B. (1992) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(92)90091-j · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Self-citationPitts, A. F., Samuelson, S. D., Meller, W. H., Bissette, G., Nemeroff, C. B., & Kathol, R. G. (1995) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00229-a · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationRisch, S. C., Lewine, R. J., Kalin, N. H., Jewart, R. D., Risby, E. D., Caudle, J. M., Stipetic, M. D., Turner, J., Eccard, M. B., & Pollard, W. E. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Widerlöv, E., Bissette, G., & Nemeroff, C. B. (1988) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/0165-0327(88)90051-1 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Self-citationGarrick, N. A., Hill, J., Szele, F. G., Tomai, T. P., Gold, P. W., & Murphy, D. L. (1987) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-121-4-1329 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Kalin, N. H., Shelton, S. E., Barksdale, C. M., & Brownfield, M. S. (1987) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(87)90894-8 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
France, R. D., Urban, B. J., Krishnan, K. R. R., Bissett, G., Bánki, C. M., Nemeroff, C. B., & Speilman, F. J. (1988) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(88)90108-4 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Self-citationMaternal depression: A child's first adverse life event
Newport, D. J., Wilcox, M. M., & Stowe, Z. N. (2002) · Seminars in Clinical Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1053/scnp.2002.31789 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
American Psychiatric Association -- 157th Annual Meeting.
Susman, E. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Mathew, S. J., Coplan, J. D., Smith, E. L., Scharf, B., Owens, M. J., Nemeroff, C. B., Mann, J. J., Gorman, J. M., & Rosenblum, L. A. (2002) · Stress · doi:10.1080/1025389021000010521 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citationRudorfer, M. V., Risby, E. D., Osman, O. T., Gold, P. W., & Potter, W. Z. (1991) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0006-3223(91)91287-2 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Positive Perceptions of Parental Caring Are Associated With Reduced Psychiatric and Somatic Symptoms
Russek, L. G., SCHWARTZ, G. E. R., Bell, I. R., & Baldwin, C. M. (1998) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-199809000-00024 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Petitto, J. M., Quade, D., & Evans, D. L. (1992) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(92)90026-y · Cited by 15 · see citing works
AAAS Annual Meeting: Boston, 11-15 February 1988: Preconvention Program
Herschman, A. (1987) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.238.4832.1429 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition
Lupien, S. J., McEwen, B. S., Gunnar, M. R., & Heim, C. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2639 · Cited by 6,256 · see citing works
Adverse childhood experiences, allostasis, allostatic load and age-related disease
Danese, A., & McEwen, B. S. (2012) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.08.019 · Cited by 2,140 · see citing works
The link between childhood trauma and depression: insights from HPA axis studies in humans
Heim, C., Newport, D. J., Mletzko, T., Miller, A. H., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2008) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.03.008 · Cited by 1,704 · see citing works
Self-citationBinder, E. B. (2008) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.299.11.1291 · Cited by 1,362 · see citing works
Heim, C., & Binder, E. B. (2012) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.10.032 · Cited by 986 · see citing works
Turecki, G., & Meaney, M. J. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.11.022 · Cited by 796 · see citing works
Paradise lost: the neurobiological and clinical consequences of child abuse and neglect
Nemeroff, C. B. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.019 · Cited by 768 · see citing works
Self-citationPosttraumatic stress disorder: a state-of-the-science review
Nemeroff, C. B., Bremner, J. D., Foa, E. B., Mayberg, H. S., North, C. S., & Stein, M. B. (2006) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.07.005 · Cited by 675 · see citing works
Self-citationBradley, R. G., Binder, E. B., Epstein, M. P., Tang, Y., Nair, H. P., Liu, W., Gillespie, C. F., Berg, T., Evces, M., Newport, D. J., et al. (2008) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2007.26 · Cited by 643 · see citing works
Self-citationNeurobiological and psychiatric consequences of child abuse and neglect
Heim, C., Shugart, M., Craighead, W. E., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2010) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.20494 · Cited by 613 · see citing works
Self-citationMillan, M. J. (2006) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.11.006 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Plotsky, P. M., Thrivikraman, K. V., Nemeroff, C. B., Caldji, C., Sharma, S., & Meaney, M. J. (2005) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1300769 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Self-citationEarly life stress and development: potential mechanisms for adverse outcomes
Smith, K. E., & Pollak, S. D. (2020) · Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders · doi:10.1186/s11689-020-09337-y · Cited by 500 · see citing works
Early Life Stress and Morphometry of the Adult Anterior Cingulate Cortex and Caudate Nuclei
Cohen, R. A., Grieve, S., Hoth, K. F., Paul, R. H., Sweet, L., Tate, D., Gunstad, J., Stroud, L., McCaffery, J., Hitsman, B., et al. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.12.016 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Barrett, J., & Fleming, A. S. (2011) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2010.02306.x · Cited by 433 · see citing works
Badran, B. W., Dowdle, L. T., Mithoefer, O. J., LaBate, N. T., Coatsworth, J., Brown, J. C., DeVries, W. H., Austelle, C. W., McTeague, L. M., & George, M. S. (2017) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2017.12.009 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
The CRF system, stress, depression and anxiety—insights from human genetic studies
Binder, E. B., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2010) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2009.141 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
Self-citationSmith, K. E., & Pollak, S. D. (2020) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691620920725 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Hauger, R., Risbrough, V. B., Brauns, O., & Dautzenberg, F. M. (2006) · CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/187152706777950684 · Cited by 341 · see citing works
Hidden wounds? inflammatory links between childhood trauma and psychopathology
Danese, A., & Baldwin, J. R. (2017) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev-psych-010416-044208 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
McLean, S. A., Clauw, D. J., Abelson, J. L., & Liberzon, I. (2005) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/01.psy.0000181276.49204.bb · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Tyrka, A. R., Price, L. H., Gelernter, J., Schepker, C., Anderson, G. M., & Carpenter, L. L. (2009) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2009.05.012 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Self-citationBuss, C., Entringer, S., Moog, N. K., Toepfer, P., Fair, D. A., Simhan, H. N., Heim, C. M., & Wadhwa, P. D. (2017) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2017.03.001 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Childhood parental loss and adult hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function
Tyrka, A. R., Wier, L., Price, L. H., Ross, N., Anderson, G. M., Wilkinson, C. W., & Carpenter, L. L. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.01.011 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Self-citationJeon, S. W., & Kim, Y. K. (2016) · World Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.5498/wjp.v6.i3.283 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
The Neurobiological Toll of Child Abuse and Neglect
Neigh, G. N., Gillespie, C. F., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2009) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838009339758 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Self-citationEarly life adversity and the epigenetic programming of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function
Anacker, C., O'Donnell, K. J., & Meaney, M. J. (2014) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2014.16.3/canacker · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Appel, K., Schwahn, C., Mahler, J., Schulz, A., Spitzer, C., Fenske, K., Stender, J., Barnow, S., John, U., Teumer, A., et al. (2011) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2011.81 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
ERK/MAPK signalling in the developing brain: Perturbations and consequences
Iroegbu, J. D., Ijomone, O. K., Femi-Akinlosotu, O. M., & Ijomone, O. M. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.10.009 · Cited by 206 · see citing works
Early-life adversity and brain development: Is the microbiome a missing piece of the puzzle?
O’Mahony, S. M., Clarke, G., Dinan, T. G., & Cryan, J. F. (2017) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.068 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Psychological and neural mechanisms of trait mindfulness in reducing depression vulnerability
Paul, N. A., Stanton, S. J., Greeson, J. M., Smoski, M. J., & Wang, L. (2013) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nss070 · Cited by 193 · see citing works
Parker, K. J., & Dario Maestripieri, A. (2010) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.09.003 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Momentary relationship between cortisol secretion and symptoms in patients with fibromyalgia
McLean, S. A., Williams, D. A., Harris, R. E., Kop, W. J., Groner, K. H., Ambrose, K., Lyden, A. K., Gracely, R. H., Crofford, L. J., Geisser, M. E., et al. (2005) · Arthritis & Rheumatism · doi:10.1002/art.21372 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
The CRF Family of Neuropeptides and their Receptors - Mediators of the Central Stress Response
Dedic, N., Chen, A., & Deussing, J. M. (2017) · Current Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.2174/1874467210666170302104053 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Neurobehavioral foundation of environmental reactivity.
Moore, S. R., & Depue, R. A. (2015) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/bul0000028 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Schoedl, A. F., Costa, M. C. P., Mari, J. J., Mello, M. F., Tyrka, A. R., Carpenter, L. L., & Price, L. H. (2010) · Journal of Child Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1080/10538711003615038 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Self-citationEarly Life Stress, Mood, and Anxiety Disorders
Syed, S. A., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2017) · Chronic Stress · doi:10.1177/2470547017694461 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Self-citationEarly Life Stress and Adult Emotional Experience: An International Perspective
Cohen, R. A., Hitsman, B. L., Paul, R. H., McCaffery, J. M., Stroud, L. R., Sweet, L. H., Gunstad, J., NIAURA, R. S., MacFarlane, A. C., Bryant, R. A., et al. (2006) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/5r62-9pqy-0nel-tlpa · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Perinatal programming of emotional brain circuits: an integrative view from systems to molecules
Bock, J., Rether, K., Gröger, N., Xie, L., & Braun, K. (2014) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2014.00011 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Ressler, K. J., Bradley, B., Mercer, K. B., Deveau, T. C., Smith, A. K., Gillespie, C. F., Nemeroff, C. B., Cubells, J. F., & Binder, E. B. (2010) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B: Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.31052 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Self-citationReinertsen, E., & Clifford, G. D. (2018) · Physiological Measurement · doi:10.1088/1361-6579/aabf64 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Bhutada, P., Mundhada, Y. R., Bansod, K. U., Ubgade, A., Quazi, M., Umathe, S. N., & Mundhada, D. R. (2010) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.04.025 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Bambico, F. R., Nguyen, N.-T., & Gobbi, G. (2009) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2008.11.005 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Carpenter, L. L., Moreno, F. A., Kling, M. A., Anderson, G. M., Regenold, W. T., Labiner, D. M., & Price, L. H. (2004) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.06.025 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Self-citationPesonen, A., Räikkönen, K., Heinonen, K., Kajantie, E., Forsén, T., & Eriksson, J. G. (2007) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwm254 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Grabe, H. J., Schwahn, C., Appel, K., Mahler, J., Schulz, A., Spitzer, C., Fenske, K., Barnow, S., Lucht, M. J., Freyberger, H. J., et al. (2010) · American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B Neuropsychiatric Genetics · doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.31131 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Violence, Stress, and Somatic Syndromes
Crofford, L. J. (2007) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838007303196 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Early Life Adversity as a Risk Factor for Fibromyalgia in Later Life
Low, L. A., & Schweinhardt, P. (2011) · Pain Research and Treatment · doi:10.1155/2012/140832 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
McLean, S. A., Williams, D. A., Stein, P. K., Harris, R. E., Lyden, A. K., Whalen, G., Park, K. M., Liberzon, I., Sen, A., Gracely, R. H., et al. (2006) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301200 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Neumeister, A., Young, T. A., & Stastny, J. (2004) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-004-1950-3 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Epigenetic Risk Factors in PTSD and Depression
Raabe, F. J., & Spengler, D. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00080 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Starr, L., Hammen, C., Conway, C., Raposa, E. B., & Brennan, P. (2014) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579414000996 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Corticotropin-releasing hormone and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis in psychiatric disease
Naughton, M., Dinan, T. G., & Scott, L. V. (2014) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-59602-4.00005-8 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Wilkinson, P. O., & Goodyer, I. M. (2011) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579411000472 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Lee, R., Geracioti, T. D., Kasckow, J. W., & Coccaro, E. F. (2005) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.162.5.995 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Gene–Environment Interactions and Intermediate Phenotypes: Early Trauma and Depression
Hornung, O., & Heim, C. M. (2013) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2014.00014 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Animal models to improve our understanding and treatment of suicidal behavior
Gould, T. D., Georgiou, P., Brenner, L. A., Brundin, L., Can, A., Courtet, P., Donaldson, Z. R., Dwivedi, Y., Guillaume, S., Gottesman, I. I., et al. (2017) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2017.50 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Neurobiology of Stress-Induced Reproductive Dysfunction in Female Macaques
Bethea, C. L., Centeno, M. L., & Cameron, J. L. (2008) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-008-8042-z · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Early life stress and substance use disorders: The critical role of adolescent substance use
Kirsch, D. E., & Lippard, E. (2022) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2022.173360 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Taché, Y., & Brunnhuber, S. (2008) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1410.007 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Neurostructural imaging findings in children with post‐traumatic stress disorder: Brief review
Jackowski, A. P., de Araújo, C. M., Lacerda, A. L. T., Mari, J. D. J., & Kaufman, J. (2009) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2008.01906.x · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Early life stress as an influence on limbic epilepsy: a hypothesis whose time has come?
Koe, A. S. (2009) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/neuro.08.024.2009 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Numan, M. (2020) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190848675.001.0001 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Chiu, Y., Lu, F. J.-H., Lin, J.-H., Nien, C., Hsu, Y., & Liu, H. (2016) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.2790 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Developmental psychopathology and neurobiology of aggression
Gollan, J. K., Lee, R., & Coccaro, E. F. (2005) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579405050546 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Epigenetics and Suicidal Behavior Research Pathways
Turecki, G. (2014) · American Journal of Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.amepre.2014.06.011 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Gröger, N., Matas, E., Gos, T., Lesse, A., Poeggel, G., Braun, K., & Bock, J. (2016) · Journal of Neural Transmission · doi:10.1007/s00702-016-1570-1 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Mello, M. F., Faria, A. A., Mello, A. F., Carpenter, L. L., Tyrka, A. R., & Price, L. H. (2009) · Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1590/s1516-44462009000600002 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationEarly-life stress, corticotropin-releasing factor, and serotonin transporter gene: A pilot study
Coplan, J. D., Abdallah, C. G., Kaufman, J., Gelernter, J. E., Smith, E. L., Perera, T. D., Dwork, A. J., Kaffman, A., Gorman, J. M., Rosenblum, L. A., et al. (2010) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2010.07.011 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Self-citationChildhood trauma dependent anxious depression sensitizes HPA axis function
Menke, A., Lehrieder, D., Fietz, J., Leistner, C., Wurst, C., Stonawski, S., Reitz, J., Lechner, K., Busch, Y., Weber, H., et al. (2018) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.07.025 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Reduced cortical thickness in veterans exposed to early life trauma
Corbo, V., Salat, D. H., Amick, M. M., Leritz, E. C., Milberg, W., & McGlinchey, R. E. (2014) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2014.04.013 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and the Psychobiology of Early-Life Stress
Gillespie, C. F., & Nemeroff, C. B. (2007) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00481.x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Self-citationSuchecki, D. (2018) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12610 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Lee, R. J., Gollan, J., Kasckow, J., Geracioti, T., & Coccaro, E. F. (2006) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301104 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Zhang, Z.-Y., Mao, Y., Feng, X., Zheng, N., Lü, L., Ma, Y., Qin, D., & Hu, X. (2016) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2016.03.040 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Overexpression of Forebrain CRH During Early Life Increases Trauma Susceptibility in Adulthood
Tóth, M., Flandreau, E. I., Deslauriers, J., Geyer, M. A., Mansuy, I. M., Pich, E. M., & Risbrough, V. B. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2015.338 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Schulkin, J. (2006) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2006.8.4/jschulkin · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A State-of-the-Science Review
Nemeroff, C. B., Bremner, J. D., Foa, E. B., Mayberg, H. S., North, C. S., & Stein, M. B. (2009) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/foc.7.2.foc254 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationNeuropeptide and Sigma Receptors as Novel Therapeutic Targets for the Pharmacotherapy of Depression
Paschos, K. A., Veletza, S. V., & Chatzaki, Ε. (2009) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/11310830-000000000-00000 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Maternal–Infant Response to Variable Foraging Demand in Nonhuman Primates
Coplan, J. D., Smith, E. L., Altemus, M. M., Mathew, S. J., Perera, T. D., Kral, J. G., Gorman, J. M., Owens, M. J., Nemeroff, C. B., & Rosenblum, L. A. (2006) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1364.057 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Self-citationStanton, L. M., Price, A. J., & Manning, E. E. (2023) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.13268 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Adult Anxiety Disorders in Relation to Trait Anxiety and Perceived Stress in Childhood
Mundy, E. A., Weber, M., Rauch, S. L., Killgore, W. D. S., Simon, N. M., Pollack, M. H., & Rosso, I. M. (2015) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/02.10.pr0.117c17z6 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Garakani, A., Martínez, J., Yehuda, R., & Gorman, J. (2013) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.06.037 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Bardo, M. T., Hammerslag, L. R., & Malone, S. G. (2021) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108567 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Lacey, C. J., Salzberg, M. R., & D'Souza, W. J. (2016) · Epilepsia · doi:10.1111/epi.13302 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Stroud, C. B., Chen, F. R., Doane, L. D., & Granger, D. A. (2016) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.21410 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Neuroimmune Mechanisms and Sex/Gender-Dependent Effects in the Pathophysiology of Mental Disorders
Kokkosis, A. G., & Tsirka, S. E. (2020) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.120.266163 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Campbell, K. A. (2022) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008066.2022.2131969 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Tóth, M., Gresack, J. E., Bangasser, D. A., Plona, Z., Valentino, R. J., Flandreau, E. I., Mansuy, I. M., Merlo‐Pich, E., Geyer, M. A., & Risbrough, V. B. (2013) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2013.336 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
FitzGerald, L., Kehoe, P., & Sinha, K. (2009) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/0193945909339320 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Life course pathways to prenatal maternal stress
Kingston, D., Sword, W., Krueger, P., Hanna, S., & Markle‐Reid, M. (2012) · Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1552-6909.2012.01381.x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Cerebrospinal fluid proteome evaluation in major depressive disorder by mass spectrometry
Franzen, A. D., Lam, T. T., Williams, K. R., Nairn, A. C., Duman, R. S., Sathyanesan, M., Kumar, V., Carpenter, L. L., & Newton, S. S. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02874-9 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationBadran, B. W., Dowdle, L. T., Mithoefer, O. J., LaBate, N. T., Coatsworth, J., Brown, J. C., DeVries, W. H., Austelle, C. W., McTeague, L. M., & George, M. S. (2022) · FOCUS The Journal of Lifelong Learning in Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.focus.20110 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Tyrka, A., Walters, O., Price, L. H., Anderson, G., & Carpenter, L. L. (2012) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/s-0032-1306342 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationLUPIEN, S. J., Ouellet‐Morin, I., Herba, C. M., Juster, R., & McEwen, B. S. (2016) · Epigenetics and human health · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-24493-8_1 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Chaby, L. E., Zhang, L., & Liberzon, I. (2017) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2017.01.001 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
CSF-studies in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Raedler, T. J., & Wiedemann, K. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 25 · see citing works
The Neuroendocrinology of Childhood Trauma in Personality Disorder
Lee, R. J., Hempel, J., Tenharmsel, A., Liu, T., Mathé, A., & Klock, A. (2011) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2011.05.006 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Early life stress and glutamate neurotransmission in major depressive disorder
Averill, L. A., Abdallah, C. G., Fenton, L. R., Fasula, M. K., Jiang, L., Rothman, D. L., Mason, G. F., & Sanacora, G. (2020) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.03.015 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Dalmaz, C., Barth, B., Pokhvisneva, I., Wang, Z., Patel, S. H., Quillfeldt, J. A., Filho, E. J. D. M., de Lima, R. M. S., Arcego, D. M., Sassi, R. B., et al. (2021) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107509 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
- Authors
- Carpenter, L. L., Tyrka, A. R., McDougle, C. J., Malison, R. T., Owens, M. J., Nemeroff, C. B., & Price, L. H.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Indiana University School of Medicine (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Emory University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Carpenter, Linda L
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published
- 2003-12-31
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 777-784
- ISSN
- 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
- 1740-634X
- OpenAlex
- W2005533083
- Cited by
- 209
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 2.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression
- National Institutes of Health (MH-42088)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH042088, P50MH058922, MH58922, MH42088)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- corticotropin-releasing factor, cerebrospinal fluid, major depressive disorder, childhood adversity, maternal deprivation, maternal neglect, perinatal adversity, neuroendocrine changes, stress hormones
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Life Change Events, Male, Middle Aged, Stress, Psychological, Linear Models, Case-Control Studies
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
