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Endocannabinoid Hedonic Hotspot for Sensory Pleasure: Anandamide in Nucleus Accumbens Shell Enhances ‘Liking’ of a Sweet Reward
Abstract
Cannabinoid drugs such as Delta9-THC are euphoric and rewarding, and also stimulate food intake in humans and animals. Little is known about how naturally occurring endogenous brain cannabinoids mediate pleasure from food or other natural sensory rewards. The taste reactivity paradigm measures effects of brain manipulations on affective orofacial reactions to intraorally administered pleasant and unpleasant tastes. Here we tested if anandamide microinjection into medial nucleus accumbens shell enhances these affective reactions to sweet and bitter tastes in rats. Anandamide doubled the number of positive 'liking' reactions elicited by intraoral sucrose, without altering negative 'disliking' reactions to bitter quinine. Anandamide microinjections produced Fos plumes of approximately 0.02-1 mm3 volume. Plume-based maps, integrated with behavioral data, identified the medial shell of accumbens as the anatomical hotspot responsible for hedonic amplification. Anandamide produced especially intense hedonic enhancement in a roughly 1.6 mm3 'hedonic hotspot' in dorsal medial shell, where anandamide also stimulated eating behavior. These results demonstrate that endocannabinoid signals within medial accumbens shell specifically amplify the positive hedonic impact of a natural reward (though identification of the receptor specificity of this effect will require future studies). Identification of an endocannabinoid hotspot for sensory pleasure gives insight into brain mechanisms of natural reward, and may be relevant to understanding the neural effects of cannabinoid drugs of abuse and therapeutic agents.
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“Responsiveness to reward also involves the nucleus accumbens (in addition to other regions, such as the ventral pallidum), but opioids and endocannabinoids are the major neurochemical mediators of reward responsiveness (Mahler et al., 2007; Peciña and Berridge, 2005).”
From The effects of early life stress on reward processing (2018) · cites this paper as Mahler et al., 2007
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“Thus, comparing the effects of mu opioid activity in or outside the hotspot in NAc medial shell indicates that opioid sites responsible for ‘liking’ are anatomically dissociable from those that influence ‘wanting’ [14 ,16].”
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“Beyond opioid signals , endocannabinoid stimulation by microinjections of anandamide similarly enhances ''liking'' reactions in an overlapping subregion of the NAc medial shell (Mahler et al., 2007).”
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“exist in medial shell for anandamide, which likely acts by stimulating the CB1 type of cannabinoid receptor [55,77].”
BackgroundThe tempted brain eats: Pleasure and desire circuits in obesity and eating disorders
Berridge, K. C., Ho, C.-Y., Richard, J. M., & DiFeliceantonio, A. G. (2010) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.04.003 · Cited by 873
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Smith, K. S., Tindell, A. J., Aldridge, J. W., & Berridge, K. C. (2009) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.09.038 · Cited by 548
Self-citationNeuroscience of affect: brain mechanisms of pleasure and displeasure
Berridge, K. C., & Kringelbach, M. L. (2013) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2013.01.017 · Cited by 532
“One surprising finding has been that neural generators of intense pleasure are much more restricted neurochemically than was previously envisioned [48 ,49,50,51].”
Circulating Endocannabinoids: From Whence Do They Come and Where are They Going?
Hillard, C. J. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.130 · Cited by 449
Dopamine modulates the reward experiences elicited by music
Ferreri, L., Herrero, E. M., Zatorre, R. J., Ripollés, P., Gómez-Andrés, A., Alicart, H., Olivé, G., Marco‐Pallarés, J., Antonijoan, R. M., Valle, M., et al. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1811878116 · Cited by 480
Craske, M. G., Meuret, A. E., Ritz, T., Treanor, M., & Dour, H. J. (2016) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22490 · Cited by 387
“The consumption of reward appears to be related to opioid and endocannabinoid pathways.[87] Neural regions most strongly linked with liking of reward include the ventral striatum (representing overlap with the anticipation of reward) and orbitofrontal cortex.”
Background“Liking” and “wanting” in eating and food reward: Brain mechanisms and clinical implications
Morales, I., & Berridge, K. C. (2020) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.113152 · Cited by 346
“sibly also extend to caudodorsal shell) [90,91].”
Instant transformation of learned repulsion into motivational “wanting”
Robinson, M. J. F., & Berridge, K. C. (2013) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2013.01.016 · Cited by 320
Alexander, R., Aragón, O. R., Bookwala, J., Cherbuin, N., Gatt, J. M., Kahrilas, I. J., Kästner, N., Lawrence, A. B., Lowe, L. J., Morrison, R., et al. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.12.002 · Cited by 364
“Animal research has significantly contributed to advancing the identification of localized ‘hedonic hotspots ’ in neural reward structures that generate ‘liking ’ responses (Mahler et al., 2007; Pecina and Ber-ridge, 2005; Smith and Berridge, 2005; Steiner et al., 2001).”
Supra-Additive Effects of Combining Fat and Carbohydrate on Food Reward
DiFeliceantonio, A. G., Coppin, G., Rigoux, L., Thanarajah, S. E., Dagher, A., Tittgemeyer, M., & Small, D. M. (2018) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2018.05.018 · Cited by 302
Epigenetic Modifications in Stress Response Genes Associated With Childhood Trauma
Jiang, S., Postovit, L., Cattaneo, A., Binder, E. B., & Aitchison, K. J. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00808 · Cited by 288
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“Through this and perhaps other mechanisms intrinsic to the NAc, eCBs are thought to act as a ‘hedonic’ signal (Mahler et al., 2007), triggering neurobiological rewards that are similar to those described by runners (Dietrich and McDaniel, 2004), and which likely contribute to the development of habitual reward-directe…”
BackgroundNucleus Accumbens μ-Opioid Receptors Mediate Social Reward
Trezza, V., Damsteegt, R., Achterberg, E. J. M., & Vanderschuren, L. J. M. J. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5492-10.2011 · Cited by 263
“Histological confirmation of injection sites Injection sites were verified according to the procedure described by Mahler et al. (2007) and Simmons and Self (2009).”
MethodHill, M. N., Carrier, E. J., McLaughlin, R. J., Morrish, A. C., Meier, S. E., Hillard, C. J., & Gorzalka, B. B. (2008) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05567.x · Cited by 246
Evaluating the rewarding nature of social interactions in laboratory animals
Trezza, V., Campolongo, P., & Vanderschuren, L. J. M. J. (2011) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2011.05.007 · Cited by 258
“Interest-ingly, among the rodents species for which sexual behavior induces CPP, both male and female mice (Agustin-Pavon et al., 2007; Martinez-Ricos et al., 2007; Pankevich et al., 2006; Pierman et al., 2006) and male Syrian hamsters (Bell et al., 2010) are known to show CPP for chemosensory…”
The endocannabinoid system in brain reward processes
Solinas, M., Goldberg, S. R., & Piomelli, D. (2008) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.130 · Cited by 251
“food palatability, as measured by hedonic reactions to food, appear to be mediated by the more dorsal part of the shell of the NAcc (Mahler et al., 2007).”
BackgroundInfluentialBuilding a neuroscience of pleasure and well-being
Berridge, K. C., & Kringelbach, M. L. (2011) · Psychology of Well-Being: Theory, Research and Practice · doi:10.1186/2211-1522-1-3 · Cited by 229
“capable of generating enhancements of ‘liking’ reactions to a sensory pleasure such as sweetness, when opioid, endocannabinoid or other hedonic neurochemical receptor circuits within the hotspot are stimulated (Mahler et al. 2007; Peciña and Berridge 2005; Peciña et al. 2006; Smith and Berridge 2005).”
BackgroundThomsen, K. R., Whybrow, P. C., & Kringelbach, M. L. (2015) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00049 · Cited by 256
“Stimulation with opioids here, or other signals such as endocannabinoid or orexin, can amplify sensory pleasure by doubling or tripling the normal number of “liking” reactions to sucrose taste (Peciña and Berridge, 2005; Smith and Berridge, 2005; Mahler et al., 2007; Ho and Berridge, 2013).”
BackgroundMahler, S. V., & Berridge, K. C. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3875-08.2009 · Cited by 223
“This procedure follows similar methods to those used in previous studies (Peciña and Berridge, 2005; Mahler et al., 2007; Smith and Berridge, 2007).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationDillon, D. G., Rosso, I. M., Pechtel, P., Killgore, W. D. S., Rauch, S. L., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2014) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22202 · Cited by 209
“Critically, depression is associated with dysfunction in this circuitry,[63] which is distinct from opioid and endocannabinoid pathways more reliably linked to the experience of pleasure.[64, 65] Indeed, although “anhedonia” suggests reduced pleasure upon reward consummation, accruing evidence relates anhedonic depres…”
BackgroundOpioid and orexin hedonic hotspots in rat orbitofrontal cortex and insula
Castro, D. C., & Berridge, K. C. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1705753114 · Cited by 214
“Subcortically, DAMGO or orexin microinjection in the OFC hotspot also recruited increases of >50% Fos expression in the medial shell of the NAc and specifically in its rostrodorsal quadrant that has been previously identified as containing a NAc hedonic hotspot (16, 26, 30).”
BackgroundThe effects of early life stress on reward processing
Novick, A. M., Levandowski, M. L., Laumann, L. E., Philip, N. S., Price, L. H., & Tyrka, A. R. (2018) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.02.002 · Cited by 192
“Responsiveness to reward also involves the nucleus accumbens (in addition to other regions, such as the ventral pallidum), but opioids and endocannabinoids are the major neurochemical mediators of reward responsiveness (Mahler et al., 2007; Peciña and Berridge, 2005).”
BackgroundEndocannabinoids selectively enhance sweet taste
Yoshida, R., Ohkuri, T., Jyotaki, M., Yasuo, T., Horio, N., Yasumatsu, K., Sanematsu, K., Shigemura, N., Yamamoto, T., Margolskee, R. F., et al. (2009) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0912048107 · Cited by 200
“Infusions of AEA into the nucleus accumbens enhance taste reactivity to sucrose, although standard chow intake is also enhanced (7).”
BackgroundThe Endocannabinoid System: Pivotal Orchestrator of Obesity and Metabolic Disease
Mazier, W., Saucisse, N., Gatta‐Cherifi, B., & Cota, D. (2015) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2015.07.007 · Cited by 214
Randall, P. A., Pardo, M., Nunes, E. J., López‐Cruz, L., Vemuri, K. V., Makriyannis, A., Baqi, Y., Müller, C. E., Correa, M., & Salamone, J. D. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0047934 · Cited by 204
“Moreover, stimulation of CB1 receptors in nucleus accumbens shell increased hedonic taste reactivity for intraoral sucrose [57].”
BackgroundMorgan, C. J., Freeman, T. P., Schafer, G. L., & Curran, H. V. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2010.58 · Cited by 196
“The endocannabinoid system is known to be involved in mediating ‘liking’ reactions and microinjection of anandamide into the nucleus accumbens doubles the level of ‘liking’ of sucrose taste in rats (Mahler et al., 2007).”
Faure, A., Reynolds, S. M., Richard, J. M., & Berridge, K. C. (2008) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4961-07.2008 · Cited by 193
“Rostrocaudal keyboard organization of glutamate-related generators of appetitive behavior versus defensive behavior is consistent with other evidence suggesting anatomical heterogeneity or localization of affective function within the medial shell (Peciña and Berridge, 2000; Liberzon et al., 2003; Smith and Berridge,…”
ResultEndocannabinoid signal in the gut controls dietary fat intake
DiPatrizio, N. V., Astarita, G., Schwartz, G. J., Li, X., & Piomelli, D. (2011) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1104675108 · Cited by 192
“The proposed role of endocannabinoids in the hedonic evaluation (‘liking’) of palatable foods (7, 8) prompted us to ask whether these lipid mediators might be involved in the positive feedback mechanism originating in the mouth, which maintains fat intake once it has begun (9).”
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Trezza, V., Damsteegt, R., Manduca, A., Petrosino, S., Van Kerkhof, L. W. M., Pasterkamp, R. J., Zhou, Y., Campolongo, P., Cuomo, V., Di Marzo, V., et al. (2012) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0114-12.2012 · Cited by 190
“It is known that endocannabinoid activity in the NAc increases the rewarding properties of food and drugs (Gardner, 2005; Caillé et al., 2007; Mahler et al., 2007; Soria-Gómez et al., 2007; Di Marzo et al., 2009; Orio et al., 2009; Shinohara et al., 2009; Berridge et al., 2010).”
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“That accumbens endocannabinoids can enhance the hedonic impact of sweet taste is directly supported by the finding that intra-AcbSh administration of anandamide specifically increases the number of positive ingestive responses to intra-oral infusions of sweet solutions in taste reactivity tests (Mahler et al., 2007).”
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“Anandamide enhanced hedonic 'liking' reactions (orofacial expressions) elicited by sucrose taste (Berridge, 2000; Mahler et al., 2007).”
InfluentialMarzo, V. D., Ligresti, A., & Cristino, L. (2009) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.67 · Cited by 181
Harrold, J. A., Dovey, T. M., Blundell, J. E., & Halford, J. C. G. (2012) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2012.01.007 · Cited by 209
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“Analysis of DAMGO-induced Fos plumes of neuronal activation Our procedure for measuring drug-induced Fos plumes immediately surrounding microinjection sites followed those described previously (Mahler and Berridge 2009; Mahler et al. 2007; Peciña and Berridge 2005; Smith and Berridge 2005).”
Self-citationCognitive processing of food rewards
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Patel, S., & Hillard, C. J. (2008) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2008.06266.x · Cited by 162
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“The best-known and described eCBs, AEA and 2-AG produce robust effects in terms of energy preservation, increasing energy intake and lipid storage, also contributing to the consumption of hedonic food via the increase of DA release in mesolimbic structures [90, 91].”
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“crease affective taste reactivity patterns for a sucrose solution [211].”
BackgroundAdvances in the neurobiological bases for food ‘liking’ versus ‘wanting’
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“Related evidence has demonstrated endocannabinoid stimulation in the NAc hotspot and even GABAergic hyperpolarizations in the same hotspot can also enhance ‘liking’ reactions to sweet tastes [43,69,84,91,92].”
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“An endocannabinoid hotspot that overlaps this opioid hotspot was also identified (22).”
BackgroundNeural Mechanisms of Reward in Insects
Perry, C. J., & Barron, A. B. (2013) · Annual Review of Entomology · doi:10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153631 · Cited by 135
Marco, E. M. (2011) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2011.00063 · Cited by 139
“…throughout the brain; they are found at highest concentrations in the hippocampus, neocortex, basal ganglia, and cerebellum; while a moderate presence is observed in the basolateral amygdala, hypothalamus, and midbrain (Herkenham et al., 1991; Mailleux and Vanderhaeghen, 1992; Glass et al., 1997).”
BackgroundCastro, D. C., Terry, R. A., & Berridge, K. C. (2016) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2016.10 · Cited by 132
Opioid reward ‘liking’ and ‘wanting’ in the nucleus accumbens
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“By relating the behavioral ‘liking’ enhancements caused by drug microinjections we can objectively and precisely map plots of hedonic hotspots in the brain [2,16–19].”
BackgroundHedonic Eating and the “Delicious Circle”: From Lipid-Derived Mediators to Brain Dopamine and Back
Coccurello, R., & Maccarrone, M. (2018) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2018.00271 · Cited by 143
“Notably, activation of CB1 receptor underlid “liking” and increased intake of a sucrose rewarding solution after direct AEA infusion into the NAc shell (Mahler et al., 2007).”
BackgroundCocaine Cues Drive Opposing Context-Dependent Shifts in Reward Processing and Emotional State
Wheeler, R. A., Aragona, B. J., Fuhrmann, K. A., Jones, J. L., Day, J. J., Cacciapaglia, F., Wightman, R. M., & Carelli, R. M. (2011) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.02.014 · Cited by 127
The thrifty lipids: endocannabinoids and the neural control of energy conservation
DiPatrizio, N. V., & Piomelli, D. (2012) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2012.04.006 · Cited by 135
“Microinfusions of anandamide into select “hot spots” of the NAc shell was shown to increase “liking” responses to a sucrose solution in rats, and this effect was prevented by CB1R blockade [42].”
BackgroundResultInfluentialMalézieux, M., Klein, A. S., & Gogolla, N. (2023) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-111020-103314 · Cited by 144
Endocannabinoid signaling and food addiction
D’Addario, C., Bonaventura, M. V. M. D., Pucci, M., Romano, A., Gaetani, S., Ciccocioppo, R., Cifani, C., & Maccarrone, M. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.08.008 · Cited by 124
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“There are other reports, however, where amplification of the positive hedonic impact of endocanna-binoids such as AEA to intra-oral sucrose is confirmed, but no changes in ‘disliking’ reactions to bitter quinine were found (126) .”
Hedonic Hotspots: Generating Sensory Pleasure in the Brain
Smith, K. S., Mahler, S. V., Peciña, S., & Berridge, K. C. (2009) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195331028.003.0003 · Cited by 123
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Bermúdez‐Silva, F. J., Cardinal, P., & Cota, D. (2011) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881111408458 · Cited by 126
Faure, A., Richard, J. M., & Berridge, K. C. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011223 · Cited by 114
Self-citationHo, C., & Berridge, K. C. (2014) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/ejn.12720 · Cited by 124
“…rostrodorsal quadrant of the medial shell is not a site for disgust induction, despite containing another hotspot for hedonic enhancement by opioid or endocannabinoid stimulation (Peci~na & Berridge, 2005; Mahler et al., 2007; Smith & Berridge, 2007; Smith et al., 2011; Castro & Berridge, 2014).”
BackgroundPlasticity of the Reward Circuitry After Early-Life Adversity: Mechanisms and Significance
Birnie, M. T., Kooiker, C. L., Short, A. K., Bolton, J. L., Chen, Y., & Baram, T. Z. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.12.018 · Cited by 123
“endocannabinoids act as major neurochemical mediators of reward responsiveness (46,47).”
BackgroundRossi, S., Chiara, V. D., Musella, A., Kusayanagi, H., Mataluni, G., Bernardi, G., Usiello, A., & Centonze, D. (2008) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5346-07.2008 · Cited by 119
“Of note, the recovery of stress-induced synaptic defects were accelerated when the mice were given access to a running wheel or to sucrose consumption, which function as potent natural rewarding stimuli (Werme et al., 2000, 2002; Mahler et al., 2007; Rademacher and Hillard, 2007).”
BackgroundAnti-obesity drugs and neural circuits of feeding
Adan, R. A. H., Vanderschuren, L. J. M. J., & ELAFLEUR, S. (2008) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2008.01.008 · Cited by 110
Anhedonia in depression symptomatology: appetite dysregulation and defective brain reward processing
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Cognitive and autonomic determinants of energy homeostasis in obesity
Richard, D. (2015) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2015.103 · Cited by 113
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“In humans, users of high, in comparison to low CBD : THC ratio cannabis showed lower self-reported pleasantness of cannabis stimuli, which follows the same pattern as the present study [29] andmay be related to endocannabinoid involvement in hedonic experiences [58].”
ResultA peripheral endocannabinoid mechanism contributes to glucocorticoid-mediated metabolic syndrome
Bowles, N. P., Karatsoreos, I. N., Li, X., Vemuri, K. V., Wood, J.-A., Li, Z., Tamashiro, K. L., Schwartz, G. J., Makriyannis, A., Kunos, G., et al. (2014) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1421420112 · Cited by 111
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“…pallidum to include, at least, endocannabinoid and GABAergic transmission, especially in the accumbens (Jarrett et al., 2005, 2007; Kirkham, 2009; Mahler et al., 2007; Reynolds and Berridge, 2002), benzodiazepine activity, especially in the brainstem parabrachial nucleus (Higgs and Cooper,…”
The neuropsychology of consumer behavior and marketing
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HPA Axis Interactions with Behavioral Systems
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Endocannabinoid modulation of homeostatic and non-homeostatic feeding circuits
Lau, B. K., Cota, D., Cristino, L., & Borgland, S. L. (2017) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.05.033 · Cited by 115
“Indeed, direct administration of endocannabinoids in the NAc induces a hedonic taste reactivity response (Mahler et al., 2007).”
BackgroundAdolescent neurodevelopment and substance use: receptor expression and behavioral consequences
Thorpe, H. H. A., Hamidullah, S., Jenkins, B. W., & Khokhar, J. Y. (2020) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107431 · Cited by 97
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Dissecting the cannabinergic control of behavior: The where matters
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New insights on the role of the endocannabinoid system in the regulation of energy balance
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“For example, the rostral dorsomedial NAc shell modulates positive hedonics, whereas the ventral NAc shell does not (Pecina and Berridge, 2005; Mahler et al., 2007; Faure et al., 2010; Smith et al., 2010).”
BackgroundIntestinal lipid–derived signals that sense dietary fat
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The endocannabinoid system as a target for the treatment of cannabis dependence
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“Injections of anandamide into the shell of the nucleus accumbens have been shown to increase positive ‘liking’ reactions to intraoral sucrose in rats (Mahler et al., 2007).”
BackgroundCannabinoid facilitation of behavioral and biochemical hedonic taste responses
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“Finally, Mahler et al. (2007) found that intra-shell injections of the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide also increased hedonic reactions to sucrose.”
BackgroundSuardi, A. C., Sotgiu, I., Costa, T., Cauda, F., & Rusconi, M. L. (2016) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-016-0414-7 · Cited by 91
The adolescent brain: Insights from functional neuroimaging research
Ernst, M., & Mueller, S. C. (2008) · Developmental Neurobiology · doi:10.1002/dneu.20615 · Cited by 89
“Within neuroscience, they have been probed within three major disciplines: addiction (Pecina et al., 2006; Mahler et al., 2007), learning (Martin-Soelch et al., 2007), and decision-making (Ernst and Paulus, 2005).”
BackgroundFAAH deficiency promotes energy storage and enhances the motivation for food
Touriño, C., Oveisi, F., Lockney, J., Piomelli, D., & Maldonado, R. J. (2009) · International Journal of Obesity · doi:10.1038/ijo.2009.262 · Cited by 87
“AEA stimulates appetite when administered systemically (12) and locally in the hypothalamus (5), and enhances the incentive value of food when administered into the nucleus accumbens (13).”
BackgroundThe endocannabinoid system and nondrug rewarding behaviours
Fattore, L., Melis, M., Fadda, P., Pistis, M., & Fratta, W. (2010) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2010.03.020 · Cited by 96
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“Both eCBS and chronic stress are independently associated with hedonic capacity.(4,17) However, the link between chronic stress, anhedonia, and the endocannabinoid system is highly complex.”
BackgroundAyres, C., Agranonik, M., Portella, A. K., Filion, F., Johnston, C. C., & Silveira, P. P. (2012) · International Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1155/2012/657379 · Cited by 81
Endocannabinoid signaling in the gut mediates preference for dietary unsaturated fats
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The Functional and Neurobiological Properties of Bad Taste
Schier, L. A., & Spector, A. C. (2018) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00044.2017 · Cited by 77
The therapeutic potential of the phytocannabinoid cannabidiol for Alzheimer’s disease
Karl, T., Garner, B., & Cheng, D. (2016) · Behavioural Pharmacology · doi:10.1097/fbp.0000000000000247 · Cited by 83
Dissecting motivational circuitry to understand substance abuse
Wheeler, R. A., & Carelli, R. M. (2008) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2008.06.028 · Cited by 77
“Opioid, GABA, and cannabanoid agonist microinfusions into the NAc shell increase appetitive behavior and hedonic responses for gustatory stimuli (Kelley et al., 2002; Kelley and Swanson, 1997; Mahler et al., 2007; Pecina and Berridge, 2000, 2005; Reynolds and Berridge, 2002).”
BackgroundRoles of nucleus accumbens and basolateral amygdala in autoshaped lever pressing
Chang, S. E., Wheeler, D. S., & Holland, P. C. (2012) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2012.03.008 · Cited by 68
Behavioural activation system sensitivity is associated with cerebral μ-opioid receptor availability
Karjalainen, T., Tuominen, L. J., Manninen, S., Kalliokoski, K. K., Nuutila, P., Jääskeläinen, I. P., Hari, R., Sams, M. E., & Nummenmaa, L. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsw044 · Cited by 76
“contribute to motivational and reward functions (Mahler et al., 2007; Fields and Margolis, 2015).”
“Wanting,” “liking,” and their relation to consciousness.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Mahler, S. V., Smith, K. S., & Berridge, K. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Venue
- Neuropsychopharmacology
- Published
- 2007-04-04
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 2267-2278
- ISSN
- 0893-133X (ISSN-L)
- 1740-634X
- OpenAlex
- W2096012985
- Semantic Scholar
- c3722206c8cdf7589109f0c15c2ec82f8c398a76
- Cited by
- 377
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 33
- FWCI
- 15.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Neuropsychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (DC00011)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH063649, R01MH063649)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (DC00011, DA021481, DA015188, R01DA015188, F31DA021481)
- National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (DC-00011)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Keywords
- anandamide, endocannabinoids, nucleus accumbens shell, sensory pleasure, taste reactivity, sucrose, quinine, Fos expression, natural reward, dietary habits
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Animals, Arachidonic Acids, Behavior, Animal, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Feeding Behavior, Food Preferences, Gene Expression Regulation, Male, Microinjections, Nucleus Accumbens, Reaction Time, Reward, Sucrose, Sweetening Agents, Taste, Oncogene Proteins v-fos, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Rats, Polyunsaturated Alkamides, Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators, Endocannabinoids
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