Complex interactions among diet, gastrointestinal transit, and gut microbiota in humanized mice
Open accessAbstract
Background & aims Diet has major effects on the intestinal microbiota, but the exact mechanisms that alter complex microbial communities have been difficult to elucidate. In addition to the direct influence that diet exerts on microbes, changes in microbiota composition and function can alter host functions such as gastrointestinal (GI) transit time, which in turn can further affect the microbiota.Methods We investigated the relationships among diet, GI motility, and the intestinal microbiota using mice that are germ-free (GF) or humanized (ex-GF mice colonized with human fecal microbiota).Results Analysis of gut motility revealed that humanized mice fed a standard polysaccharide-rich diet had faster GI transit and increased colonic contractility compared with GF mice. Humanized mice with faster transit due to administration of polyethylene glycol or a nonfermentable cellulose-based diet had similar changes in gut microbiota composition, indicating that diet can modify GI transit, which then affects the composition of the microbial community. However, altered transit in mice fed a diet of fermentable fructooligosaccharide indicates that diet can change gut microbial function, which can affect GI transit.Conclusions Based on studies in humanized mice, diet can affect GI transit through microbiota-dependent or microbiota-independent pathways, depending on the type of dietary change. The effect of the microbiota on transit largely depends on the amount and type (fermentable vs nonfermentable) of polysaccharides present in the diet. These results have implications for disorders that affect GI transit and gut microbial communities, including irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
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Microbial mediators of GI motility can vary by diet.
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Recent studies suggest gut microbiota changes may underlie IBS mechanisms such as visceral hypersensitivity, altered barrier function, gastrointestinal motility, and the gut-brain axis.
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From Update on Fecal Microbiota Transplantation 2015: Indications, Methodologies, Mechanisms, and Outlook (2015) · cites this paper as [90]
Microbial transplantation studies in mice indicated that altered microbiota affects gastrointestinal transit through its impact on bile acid deconjugation.
“Microbial transplantation studies in mice indicated that altered microbiota affects gastrointestinal transit, through its impact on BA deconjugation [ 47 , 48 ].”
From Role of gut microbiota in functional constipation (2021) · cites this paper as [48]
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- Authors
- Kashyap, P. C., Marcobal, A., Ursell, L. K., Larauche, M., Duboc, H., Earle, K. A., Sonnenburg, E. D., Ferreyra, J. A., Higginbottom, S. K., Million, M., Tache, Y., Pasricha, P. J., Knight, R., Farrugia, G., & Sonnenburg, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Mayo Clinic (US)
- Stanford Medicine (US)
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sonnenburg, Justin L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-05
- Volume
- 144
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 967-977
- ISSN
- 0016-5085 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3890323
- OpenAlex
- W2096947655
- Cited by
- 451
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 43 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 46 · 2019: 34 · 2018: 36 · 2017: 38 · 2016: 34 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 16
- FWCI
- 15.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01DK085025)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Microbial Metabolites in Food Biotechnology
- Keywords
- diet, gastrointestinal transit, gut microbiota, humanized mice, germ-free mice, colonic motility, polysaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, polyethylene glycol, fecal microbiota transplantation, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Bacteria, Diet, DNA, Bacterial, Energy Metabolism, Gastrointestinal Transit, Germ-Free Life, Gastrointestinal Tract, Mice, Metagenome
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