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Cited by 1,883

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Calcium plus Vitamin D Supplementation and the Risk of Fractures

Open access
Jackson, Rebecca D., LaCroix, Andrea Z., Gass, Margery, Wallace, Robert B., Robbins, John, Lewis, Cora E., Bassford, Tamsen, Beresford, Shirley A.A., Black, Henry R., Blanchette, Patricia, Bonds, Denise E., Brunner, Robert L., Brzyski, Robert G., Caan, Bette, Cauley, Jane A., Chlebowski, Rowan T., Cummings, Steven R., Granek, Iris, Hays, Jennifer, Heiss, Gerardo, Hendrix, Susan L., Howard, Barbara V., Hsia, Judith, Hubbell, F. Allan, Johnson, Karen C., Judd, Howard, Kotchen, Jane Morley, Kuller, Lewis H., Langer, Robert D., Lasser, Norman L., Limacher, Marian C., Ludlam, Shari, Manson, JoAnn E., Margolis, Karen L., McGowan, Joan, Ockene, Judith K., O'Sullivan, Mary Jo, Phillips, Lawrence, Prentice, Ross L., Sarto, Gloria E., Stefanick, Marcia L., Van Horn, Linda, Wactawski-Wende, Jean, Whitlock, Evelyn, Anderson, Garnet L., Assaf, Annlouise R., Barad, David·2006·New England Journal of Medicine
DOI 10.1056/nejmoa055218
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of calcium with vitamin D supplementation for preventing hip and other fractures in healthy postmenopausal women remains equivocal. METHODS: We recruited 36,282 postmenopausal women, 50 to 79 years of age, who were already enrolled in a Women's Health Initiative (WHI) clinical trial. We randomly assigned participants to receive 1000 mg of elemental [corrected] calcium as calcium carbonate with 400 IU of vitamin D3 daily or placebo. Fractures were ascertained for an average follow-up period of 7.0 years. Bone density was measured at three WHI centers. RESULTS: Hip bone density was 1.06 percent higher in the calcium plus vitamin D group than in the placebo group (P<0.01). Intention-to-treat analysis indicated that participants receiving calcium plus vitamin D supplementation had a hazard ratio of 0.88 for hip fracture (95 percent confidence interval, 0.72 to 1.08), 0.90 for clinical spine fracture (0.74 to 1.10), and 0.96 for total fractures (0.91 to 1.02). The risk of renal calculi increased with calcium plus vitamin D (hazard ratio, 1.17; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.02 to 1.34). Censoring data from women when they ceased to adhere to the study medication reduced the hazard ratio for hip fracture to 0.71 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.52 to 0.97). Effects did not vary significantly according to prerandomization serum vitamin D levels. CONCLUSIONS: Among healthy postmenopausal women, calcium with vitamin D supplementation resulted in a small but significant improvement in hip bone density, did not significantly reduce hip fracture, and increased the risk of kidney stones. (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00000611.).

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Cited by

Metadata

Authors
Jackson, R. D., LaCroix, A. Z., Gass, M., Wallace, R. B., Robbins, J., Lewis, C. E., Bassford, T., Beresford, S. A. A., Black, H. R., Blanchette, P., Bonds, D. E., Brunner, R. L., Brzyski, R. G., Caan, B., Cauley, J. A., Chlebowski, R. T., Cummings, S. R., Granek, I., Hays, J., Heiss, G., Hendrix, S. L., Howard, B. V., Hsia, J., Hubbell, F. A., Johnson, K. C., Judd, H., Kotchen, J. M., Kuller, L. H., Langer, R. D., Lasser, N. L., Limacher, M. C., Ludlam, S., Manson, J. E., Margolis, K. L., McGowan, J., Ockene, J. K., O'Sullivan, M. J., Phillips, L., Prentice, R. L., Sarto, G. E., Stefanick, M. L., Van Horn, L., Wactawski-Wende, J., Whitlock, E., Anderson, G. L., Assaf, A. R., & Barad, D.
Venue
New England Journal of Medicine
Publisher
Massachusetts Medical Society
Published
2006-02-16
Volume
354
Issue
7
Pages
669-683
ISSN
  • 0028-4793 (ISSN-L)
  • 1533-4406
DOI
10.1056/nejmoa055218
OpenAlex
W2101805185
Cited by
1,883
References
9
FWCI
158.93
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze

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