Identification of urocortin III, an additional member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family with high affinity for the CRF2 receptor
Open accessAbstract
The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family of neuropeptides includes the mammalian peptides CRF, urocortin, and urocortin II, as well as piscine urotensin I and frog sauvagine. The mammalian peptides signal through two G protein-coupled receptor types to modulate endocrine, autonomic, and behavioral responses to stress, as well as a range of peripheral (cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and immune) activities. The three previously known ligands are differentially distributed anatomically and have distinct specificities for the two major receptor types. Here we describe the characterization of an additional CRF-related peptide, urocortin III, in the human and mouse. In searching the public human genome databases we found a partial expressed sequence tagged (EST) clone with significant sequence identity to mammalian and fish urocortin-related peptides. By using primers based on the human EST sequence, a full-length human clone was isolated from genomic DNA that encodes a protein that includes a predicted putative 38-aa peptide structurally related to other known family members. With a human probe, we then cloned the mouse ortholog from a genomic library. Human and mouse urocortin III share 90% identity in the 38-aa putative mature peptide. In the peptide coding region, both human and mouse urocortin III are 76% identical to pufferfish urocortin-related peptide and more distantly related to urocortin II, CRF, and urocortin from other mammalian species. Mouse urocortin III mRNA expression is found in areas of the brain including the hypothalamus, amygdala, and brainstem, but is not evident in the cerebellum, pituitary, or cerebral cortex; it is also expressed peripherally in small intestine and skin. Urocortin III is selective for type 2 CRF receptors and thus represents another potential endogenous ligand for these receptors.
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Ucn3 is the only highly selective ligand for CRF-R2.
“Ucn3, the only highly selective ligand for CRF-R2, is expressed in distinct brain nuclei including the MeA, the bed nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST), the median preoptic nucleus, and the perifornical area of the hypothalamus 7,8 .”
From Ucn3 and CRF-R2 in the medial amygdala regulate complex social dynamics (2016) · cites this paper as [7]
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- Authors
- Lewis, K., Li, C., Perrin, M. H., Blount, A., Kunitake, K., Donaldson, C., Vaughan, J., Reyes, T. M., Gulyas, J., Fischer, W., Bilezikjian, L., Rivier, J., Sawchenko, P. E., & Vale, W. W.
- Affiliations
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- Clayton Foundation Laboratories for Peptide Biology and Laboratory of Neuronal Structure and Function, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA 92037
- Corresponding author
- Vale, W. W.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- National Academy of Sciences
- Published
- 2001-06-19
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 13
- Pages
- 7570-7575
- ISSN
- 0027-8424 (ISSN-L)
- 1091-6490
- PMC
- PMC34709
- OpenAlex
- W2028710649
- Cited by
- 925
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 22 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 39 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 41
- FWCI
- 25.13
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Neurocrine Biosciences
- Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale
- National Institutes of Health (DK-26741)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (F32DK010135, DK 26741, P01DK026741)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Cardiovascular, Neuropeptides, and Oxidative Stress Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- corticotropin-releasing factor, CRF2 receptor, urocortin, urocortin II, urotensin I, sauvagine, G protein-coupled receptors, neuropeptides, receptor ligands, mRNA expression, hypothalamus, amygdala, brainstem, small intestine, skin
- MeSH terms
- Cyclic AMP, Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Brain, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Cricetinae, Humans, Kinetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Organ Specificity, Peptide Fragments, Pituitary Gland, Anterior, Recombinant Proteins, RNA, Messenger, Transcription, Genetic, Transfection, Genome, Human, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sequence Alignment, CHO Cells, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, Mice, Rats, Urocortins
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Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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