Coping with emotions past: the neural bases of regulating affect associated with negative autobiographical memories
Open accessAbstract
Background Although the ability to adaptively reflect on negative autobiographical experiences without ruminating is critical to mental health, to our knowledge no research has directly examined the neural systems underlying this process.Methods Sixteen participants were scanned using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as they focused on negative autobiographical memories using cognitive strategies designed to facilitate (feel strategy) versus undermine (analyze and accept strategies) rumination.Results Two key findings were obtained. First, consistent with prior emotion regulation research using image-based stimuli, left prefrontal activity was observed during the implementation of all three strategies. Second, activity in a network of regions involved in self-referential processing and emotion, including subgenual anterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex, was highest in response to the feel strategy and lowest for the accept strategy. This pattern of activation mirrored participants' self-reports of negative affect when engaging in each strategy.Conclusions These findings shed light on the brain regions that distinguish adaptive versus maladaptive forms of reflecting on negative autobiographical memories and offer a novel, ecologically valid route to exploring the neural bases of emotion regulation using fMRI.
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Increased activity in areas associated with perspective taking predicted lower negative affect when decentering relative to a comparison condition, including the superior parietal lobule, caudate and medial frontal gyrus.
“Also, increased activity in areas associated with perspective taking predicted lower negative affect when decentering relative to the comparison condition – this included the superior parietal lobule, caudate and medial frontal gyrus.”
From Decentering as a core component in the psychological treatment and prevention of youth anxiety and depression: a narrative review and insight report (2021) · cites this paper as [45]
The Results report that decreases in negative affect on accept versus feel trials correlated with activity in the caudate, superior parietal lobule, and medial frontal gyrus. The paper describes the accept strategy as psychologically distancing oneself from feelings, but the cited passage characterizes those regions as involved in affect downregulation, not specifically as areas associated with perspective taking. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredWhen adults decenter from negative memories relative to a comparison condition, there is lower activity in areas associated with cognitive conflict and affective processing, including the medial and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and subgenual anterior cingulate.
“Findings suggest lower activity in areas associated with (intrapersonal) cognitive conflict and affective processing when decentering from negative memories relative to a comparison condition in which no attempt was made to alter ones experiences – brain regions included the medial and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex as well as the subgenual anterior cingulate45.”
From Decentering as a core component in the psychological treatment and prevention of youth anxiety and depression: a narrative review and insight report (2021) · cites this paper as [45]
Acceptance may facilitate self-distancing and reappraisal of negative autobiographical memories, corresponding with decreased subgenual ACC and medial PFC activity.
“there is some suggestion that acceptance may facilitate self-distancing and reappraisal of negative autobiographical memories, corresponding with comparative decreases in subgenual ACC and medial PFC activity (Kross, Davidson, Weber, & Ochsner, 2009).”
From Mechanisms of mindfulness training: Monitor and Acceptance Theory (MAT (2017) · cites this paper as Kross, Davidson, Weber, & Ochsner, 2009
Subgenual cortex activity positively correlates with negative affect in healthy subjects.
“activity within the subgenual cortex positively correlates with negative affect in healthy subjects (56–58)”
From Functional anatomy of ventromedial prefrontal cortex: implications for mood and anxiety disorders (2012) · cites this paper as [56]
Participants provided cue phrases before the day of fMRI scanning using a procedure developed in prior research.
“Participants provided these cue phrases before the day of fMRI scanning using a procedure developed in prior research64”
From Separate neural representations for physical pain and social rejection (2014) · cites this paper as [64]
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BackgroundMemory editing from science fiction to clinical practice
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Morawetz, C., Bode, S., Baudewig, J., Kirilina, E. P., & Heekeren, H. R. (2015) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhv005 · Cited by 166 · see citing works
“2011), memories (Kross et al. 2009), scripts (Lang et al.”
BackgroundSiegle, G. J., Price, R. B., Jones, N. P., Ghinassi, F., Painter, T., & Thase, M. E. (2014) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702614536160 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Selçuk, E., Vivian Zayas, A., Günaydın, G., Hazan, C., & Kross, E. F. (2012) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0028125 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Self-citationCan't get it off my brain: Meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies on perseverative cognition.
Makovac, E., Fagioli, S., Rae, C., Critchley, H., & Ottaviani, C. (2019) · Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.111020 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Kühn, S., Vanderhasselt, M., Raedt, R. D., & Gallinat, J. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.03.024 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Cohen, A., Najolia, G. M., Brown, L., & Minor, K. S. (2011) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2010.11.001 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Guilt-specific processing in the prefrontal cortex.
Wagner, U., N'diaye, K., Ethofer, T., & Vuilleumier, P. (2011) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhr016 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Palomero‐Gallagher, N., Eickhoff, S. B., Hoffstaedter, F., Schleicher, A., Mohlberg, H., Vogt, B. A., Amunts, K., & Zilles, K. (2015) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.053 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
“Furthermore, sACC activations were larger when participants specifically facilitated ruminative behaviour during recall of negative autobiographical memories as opposed to a condition where persistence of rumination was actively inhibited (Kross et al., 2009).”
Fauvel, B., Groussard, M., Chételat, G., Fouquet, M., Landeau, B., Eustache, F., Desgranges, B., & Platel, H. (2014) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.12.065 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
“…and during active state, they are the core system of the autobiographical memory network (Martinelli et al. 2012), with the posterior cingulate gyrus sustaining episodic self-related memory (Maddock et al. 2001), and the orbitofrontal gyrus its emotional component (Kross 2009; Etkin et al. 2011).”
Emerging Directions in Emotional Episodic Memory
Dolcos, F., Katsumi, Y., Weymar, M., Moore, M., Tsukiura, T., & Dolcos, S. M. (2017) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01867 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
“The few studies examining ER in the context of emotional AM retrieval have primarily focused on reappraisal (Kross et al., 2009; Fabiansson et al., 2012; Holland and Kensinger, 2013), and showed that the engagement of reappraisal can lead to reduced emotional experience associated with the…”
BackgroundHuman Pregenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex: Structural, Functional, and Connectional Heterogeneity
Palomero‐Gallagher, N., Hoffstaedter, F., Mohlberg, H., Eickhoff, S. B., Amunts, K., & Zilles, K. (2018) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhy124 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
“stimuli and emotions (George et al. 1995; Phan et al. 2002; Kross et al. 2009; Smith et al. 2011; Palomero-Gallagher et al. 2015), pACC is thought to subserve the processing of positively valenced stimuli (Vogt et al.”
BackgroundA shift in perspective: Decentering through mindful attention to imagined stressful events
Lebois, L. A. M., Papies, E. K., Gopinath, K., Cabanban, R., Quigley, K. S., Krishnamurthy, V., Barrett, L. F., & Barsalou, L. W. (2015) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.05.030 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
“As previous research shows, these areas are associated with integrating visceral, autonomic, and affective states, representing the reward value of stimuli, and establishing self-relevance (e.g., Ressler & Mayberg, 2007; Kross et al., 2009; Greicius, et al., 2007; Northoff & Bermpohl, 2004).”
BackgroundInfluentialMoser, J. S., Dougherty, A., Mattson, W. I., Katz, B., Moran, T. P., Guevarra, D., Shablack, H., Ayduk, O., Jonides, J., Berman, M. G., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-04047-3 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Self-citationMoscovitch, D. A., Gavric, D. L., Merrifield, C., Bielak, T., & Moscovitch, M. (2011) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2011.05.009 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Hoorelbeke, K., Koster, E. H. W., Demeyer, I., Loeys, T., & Vanderhasselt, M. (2016) · Emotion · doi:10.1037/emo0000169 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Greening, S. G., Osuch, E. A., Williamson, P. C., & Mitchell, D. G. V. (2014) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nst027 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
“, 2009), which is an important consideration given evidence that different stimuli can yield distinct effects (Siegle et al., 2007; Kross et al., 2009).”
BackgroundAyduk, Ö. N., & Kross, E. F. (2010) · Social and Personality Psychology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9004.2010.00301.x · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Self-citationFear thou not: activity of frontal and temporal circuits in moments of real-life courage
Nili, U., Goldberg, H., Weizman, A., & Dudai, Y. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.06.009 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
“Highly relevant to the study of courage, studies of cognitive control of emotion (Ochsner and Gross, 2005) have demonstrated a role of the sgACC in regulation of affect associated with negative autobiographical memories (Kross et al., 2009), in regulation of conditioned-fear-related SCR (Delgado et al.”
BackgroundAn affective neuroscience model of boosting resilience in adults
Tabibnia, G. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.05.005 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Messina, I., Bianco, S., Sambin, M., & Viviani, R. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00956 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
“Because emotion regulation strategies such as spontaneous avoidance (Viviani et al., 2010, p. e15454; Benelli et al., 2012, p. 239) or acceptance (Kross et al., 2009, p. 361–366) also appear to recruit these areas, there is room in future studies for investigating forms of emotion regulation not…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialFabiansson, E. C., Denson, T. F., Moulds, M. L., Grisham, J. R., & Schira, M. M. (2011) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.09.078 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
“This method, which is frequently used in fMRI research (e.g., Goldin et al., 2008; Kross et al., 2009; McRae et al., 2009; Urry et al., 2006), allows for estimation of the probability of a false detection based on the researchers' own neuroimaging parameters and autocorrelation.”
Neural correlates of automatic mood regulation in girls at high risk for depression.
Joormann, J., Cooney, R. E., Henry, M. L., & Gotlib, I. H. (2012) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0025294 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Lener, M. S., & Iosifescu, D. V. (2015) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.12759 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Dillon, D. G., & Pizzagalli, D. A. (2013) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2013.01.001 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
“Similarly, Kross et al. (2009) elicited negative emotion in healthy volunteers and instructed them to feel the negative emotion as normal or reduce it, either by analyzing its causes or using a mindfulness-based acceptance strategy.”
Rabinak, C. A., MacNamara, A., Kennedy, A. E., Angstadt, M., Stein, M. B., Liberzon, I., & Phan, K. L. (2014) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22243 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
COGNITIVE-EMOTIONAL TRAINING AS AN INTERVENTION FOR MAJOR DEPRESSIVE DISORDER
Iacoviello, B. M., Wu, G., Alvarez, E., Huryk, K. M., Collins, K. A., Murrough, J. W., Iosifescu, D. V., & Charney, D. S. (2014) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22266 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Neural representation of emotion regulation goals
Morawetz, C., Bode, S., Baudewig, J., Jacobs, A. M., & Heekeren, H. R. (2015) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.23053 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“, 2003], memories [Kross et al., 2009], photos of faces [McRae et al.”
BackgroundKross, E., & Ayduk, Ö. (2009) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2009.04.004 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
“Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the benefits associated with distanced-analysis are neither a function of experimenter demand nor of cognitive avoidance (for discussion, see Ayduk & Kross, 2009; Kross & Ayduk, 2008).”
InfluentialSelf-citationBennett, M. P., Knight, R., Patel, S., So, T., Dunning, D., Barnhofer, T., Smith, P., Kuyken, W., Ford, T., & Dalgleish, T. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01397-5 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Cognitive Vulnerability to Major Depression
Wang, X., Öngür, D., Auerbach, R. P., & Yao, S. (2016) · Harvard Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000081 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“Similarly, Kross 75 reported that rumination induction in healthy subjects activated a network that included the subgenual ACC and medial PFC, and that this network activity was greater during induced rumination than during “ analyze ” or “ accept ” conditions.”
BackgroundRybnicek, R., Bergner, S., & Gutschelhofer, A. (2017) · Review of Managerial Science · doi:10.1007/s11846-017-0252-1 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
“In addition, the middle occipital gyrus is activated when emotions associated with autobiographical memories are regulated (Kross et al. 2009) or when rewards of high value are expected (e.g. Marsh et al. 2007).”
BackgroundAffective neuroscience of self‐generated thought
Fox, K. C. R., Andrews‐Hanna, J. R., Mills, C., Dixon, M. L., Markovic, J., Thompson, E. T., & Kalina Christoff, A. (2018) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/nyas.13740 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Zilles, K., Bacha‐Trams, M., Palomero‐Gallagher, N., Amunts, K., & Friederici, A. D. (2014) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/j.cortex.2014.07.007 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Messina, I., Grecucci, A., & Viviani, R. (2021) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsab007 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“Example of these instructions was ‘to focus on the specific feelings’ (Kross et al., 2009) or ‘become completely absorbed by feeling’ (Lebois et al., 2015).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialIs a Responsive Default Mode Network Required for Successful Working Memory Task Performance?
Čeko, M., Gracely, J. L., Fitzcharles, M., Seminowicz, D. A., Schweinhardt, P., & Bushnell, M. C. (2015) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0264-15.2015 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“…(modulation of fMRI activity by increasing task load) in DMN regions and pain coping. fMRI activity in DMN regions has been linked to rumination (Kross et al., 2009) and specifically to increased rumination and catastrophizing about pain in patients with chronic pain (Kucyi et al., 2014), so we…”
BackgroundEmotion Regulation in Social Anxiety Disorder: Reappraisal and Acceptance of Negative Self-beliefs
Dixon, M. L., Moodie, C. A., Goldin, P. R., Farb, N. A. S., Heimberg, R. G., & Gross, J. J. (2019) · Biological Psychiatry Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.07.009 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
“Prior work has similarly found that DMN activation is lower during acceptance-based task conditions than comparison conditions (31,57).”
Morin, A., & Hamper, B. (2012) · The Open Neuroimaging Journal · doi:10.2174/1874440001206010078 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“[141] Recalling AM of negative episodes in response to visual cues YES”
BackgroundFinding positive meaning in memories of negative events adaptively updates memory
Speer, M. E., Ibrahim, S., Schiller, D., & Delgado, M. R. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26906-4 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Weiss, J. A. (2014) · Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/cpsp.12084 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Neural correlates of recognition memory for emotional faces and scenes
Keightley, M., Chiew, K. S., Anderson, J. A. E., & Grady, C. L. (2010) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsq003 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“The magnitude of emotion associated with autobiographical memories also influences activity in the amygdala and frontal cortex (Daselaar et al., 2008; Kross et al., 2009) and hippocampus (Addis et al., 2004) when these memories are retrieved.”
BackgroundFunctional connectivity of reflective and brooding rumination in depressed and healthy women
Satyshur, M. D., Layden, E., Gowins, J. R., Buchanan, A., & Gollan, J. (2018) · Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-018-0611-7 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Tian, X. S., Wei, D., Du, X., Wang, K., Yang, J., Liu, W., Meng, J., Liu, H., Liu, G., & Qiu, J. (2016) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.024 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
“…and the ALFF and ReHo in the right vmPFC were consistent with previous studies describing a role of the right vmPFC in the negative affect of individuals (Kross et al., 2009; Lemogne et al., 2012; Zald et al., 2002) and this associations were also observed in anxiety disorder (Shang et al., 2014).”
ResultGuo, C. C., Nguyen, V. T., Hyett, M. P., Parker, G. B., & Breakspear, M. J. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep11605 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Lois, G., & Wessa, M. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsw085 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“Rumination-induction has been associated with increased DMN functional connectivity (FC) and hyperactivity in MDD patients (Lemogne et al., 2009; Cooney et al., 2010; Kessler et al., 2011; Berman et al., 2014) and healthy subjects (Kross et al., 2009; Freton et al., 2014).”
BackgroundKross, E. F. (2009) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04545.x · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Self-citationOrvell, A., Vickers, B. D., Drake, B., Verduyn, P., Ayduk, O., Moser, J., Jonides, J., & Kross, E. (2021) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/2167702620951539 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationFerdek, M. A., van Rijn, C. M., & Wyczesany, M. (2016) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-016-0456-x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Daubenmier, J., Hayden, D., Chang, V., & Epel, E. (2014) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.05.012 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The neural component-process architecture of endogenously generated emotion
Engen, H. G., Kanske, P., & Singer, T. (2016) · Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience · doi:10.1093/scan/nsw108 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
“Plausibly, however, the opposite could be true, such that generation involves setting up representations of emotional situations, which in turn elicit core affective states (Kross et al., 2009).”
BackgroundPhilippi, C. L., Cornejo, M. D., Frost, C. P., Walsh, E. C., Hoks, R. M., Birn, R., & Abercrombie, H. C. (2018) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.24003 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“Similar to findings in MDD, neuroimaging studies in healthy individuals indicate that negative-SFT, such as rumination, is also associated with increased mPFC and ACC activity (e.g., Kross, Davidson, Weber, & Ochsner, 2009; Wagner et al., 2013) and connectivity (Berman et al., 2011).”
ResultEndogenous testosterone and cortisol modulate neural responses during induced anger control
Denson, T. F., Ronay, R., von Hippel, W., & Schira, M. M. (2012) · Social Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/17470919.2012.655425 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
“In such designs, blocks typically range in length from 30 s (e.g., Kross et al., 2009) to 110 s (e.g., Visscher et al., 2003).”
BackgroundNook, E. C., Satpute, A. B., & Ochsner, K. N. (2021) · Affective Science · doi:10.1007/s42761-021-00036-y · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationAbnormal prefrontal cortical response during affective processing in borderline personality disorder
Ruocco, A. C., Medaglia, J. D., Ayaz, H., & Chute, D. L. (2010) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2010.01.011 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“The effortful regulation of negative affect appears to activate a distributed network of structures which includes areas of the frontal cortex (orbitofrontal and dorsomedial PFC), anterior cingulate, and amygdala (Levesque et al., 2003; Phan et al., 2005; Banks et al., 2007; Goldin et al., 2008; Kross et al., 2008).”
BackgroundWang, K., Wei, D., Yang, J., Xie, P., Hao, X., & Qiu, J. (2015) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291715000938 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
“…medial and left superior frontal gyri, bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), right anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), left parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), left caudate, left inferior parietal lobe and amygdala (Putnam & McSweeney, 2008; Denson et al. 2009; Kross et al. 2009; Hooker et al. 2010).”
BackgroundResultAbend, R., Sar-El, R., Gonen, T., Jalon, I., Vaisvaser, S., Bar‐Haim, Y., & Hendler, T. (2018) · Neuromodulation Technology at the Neural Interface · doi:10.1111/ner.12787 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Convergent Neural Correlates of Empathy and Anxiety During Socioemotional Processing
Knight, L. K., Stoica, T., Fogleman, N. D., & Depue, B. E. (2019) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2019.00094 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
The Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal during Emotional Autobiographical Memory Recall
Holland, A. C., & Kensinger, E. A. (2012) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn_a_00289 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“However, reappraisal did not lead to any greater connectivity during the recall of angry AMs (Fabiansson et al., 2012), and it only led to increased activity in a region of left pFC that also was activated during rumination on sad AMs (Kross et al., 2009).”
BackgroundResultInfluentialNon-invasive vagal nerve stimulation decreases brain activity during trauma scripts
Wittbrodt, M. T., Gurel, N. Z., Nye, J. A., Ladd, S. L., Shandhi, M. M. H., Huang, M., Shah, A. J., Pearce, B. D., Alam, Z. S., Rapaport, M. H., et al. (2020) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2020.07.002 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
“recall [72] and is likely involved in appraisal of the emotional state [69], and is functionally 308”
BackgroundRubin-Falcone, H., Weber, J., Kishon, R., Ochsner, K., Delaparte, L., Doré, B., Zanderigo, F., Oquendo, M. A., Mann, J. J., & Miller, J. M. (2018) · Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2017.11.002 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“study (Kross et al., 2009), a region of interest (ROI) analysis was performed.”
InfluentialSelf-citationCortical abnormalities and association with symptom dimensions across the depressive spectrum
Lener, M. S., Kundu, P., Wong, E. W., DeWilde, K. E., Tang, C. Y., Balchandani, P., & Murrough, J. W. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.027 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“For example, fMRI studies measuring neural activity in response to the induction of rumination have shown hyperactivity in the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) and dorso-medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) (Kross et al., 2009; Lemogne et al., 2009; Yoshimura et al., 2010), and hypoactivity in the dorsomedial t…”
Abnormal brain activation during directed forgetting of negative memory in depressed patients
Yang, W., Chen, Q., Liu, P., Cheng, H., Cui, Q., Wei, D., Zhang, Q., & Qiu, J. (2015) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2015.05.034 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
“Previous neuroimaging studies also revealed that depressed individuals had reduced gray matter volumes in the MFG, bilateral IFG, SFG, left IPG, right anterior cingulate cortex, and left parahippocampal gyrus (Denson et al., 2009; Hooker et al., 2010; Kross et al., 2009; Putnam and McSweeney, 2008).”
BackgroundInhibitory control of emotional processing: Theoretical and empirical considerations
Bartholomew, M. E., Heller, W., & Miller, G. A. (2019) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2019.03.015 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Autobiographical memory in depression: An fMRI study
Whalley, M. G., Rugg, M. D., & Brewin, C. R. (2012) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.08.008 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
“A study investigating emotional regulation strategies during retrieval of autobiographical memories found that a similar region of the left IFG (xyz [MNI]: −51 29 19) acted to implement a range of reappraisal operations (Kross et al., 2009).”
Guo, C. C., Hyett, M. P., Nguyen, V. T., Parker, G. B., & Breakspear, M. J. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291716000179 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“In particular, subgenual ACC (sACC) and vmPFC are frequently reported to present altered activation and functional connectivity in depression (Drevets et al. 1997; Zald et al. 2002; Greicius et al. 2007; Kross et al. 2009; Walter et al. 2009; Myers-Schulz & Koenigs, 2012).”
BackgroundIchikawa, N., Siegle, G. J., Jones, N. P., Kamishima, K., Thompson, W. K., Gross, J. J., & Ohira, H. (2011) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-011-0028-z · Cited by 50 · see citing works
“For example, rACC/sACC is associated with a negative mood state (George, Ketter, Parekh, Horwitz, Herscovitch, & Post, 1995), emotion regulation of negative autobiographical memories ( Kross, Davidson, Weber, & Ochsner, 2009 ), processing of self-related negative words (Yoshimura, Ueda, Suzuki, Onoda, Okamoto, & Yamaw…”
- Authors
- Kross, E., Davidson, M., Weber, J., & Ochsner, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Michigan (US)
- Columbia University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kross, Ethan
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-03
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 361-366
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2726992
- OpenAlex
- W2158177648
- Cited by
- 295
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 17
- FWCI
- 5.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH076137, MH076137)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Keywords
- emotion regulation, rumination, self-referential processing, subgenual anterior cingulate cortex, medial prefrontal cortex, left prefrontal cortex, negative affect, cognitive strategies
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Affect, Brain Mapping, Cognition, Emotions, Female, Gyrus Cinguli, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Prefrontal Cortex, Young Adult
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