Individual Differences in Premotor Brain Systems Underlie Behavioral Apathy
Open accessAbstract
Lack of physical engagement, productivity, and initiative-so-called "behavioral apathy"--is a common problem with significant impact, both personal and economic. Here, we investigate whether there might be a biological basis to such lack of motivation using a new effort and reward-based decision-making paradigm, combined with functional and diffusion-weighted imaging. We hypothesized that behavioral apathy in otherwise healthy people might be associated with differences in brain systems underlying either motivation to act (specifically in effort and reward-based decision-making) or in action processing (transformation of an intention into action). The results demonstrate that behavioral apathy is associated with increased effort sensitivity as well as greater recruitment of neural systems involved in action anticipation: supplementary motor area (SMA) and cingulate motor zones. In addition, decreased structural and functional connectivity between anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and SMA were associated with increased behavioral apathy. These findings reveal that effort sensitivity and translation of intentions into actions might make a critical contribution to behavioral apathy. We propose a mechanism whereby inefficient communication between ACC and SMA might lead to increased physiological cost--and greater effort sensitivity--for action initiation in more apathetic people.
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“Similarly, greater aMCC activity during cost/benefit comparison is associated with a greater willingness to exert effort (Bonnelle et al., 2016; Chong et al., 2017).”
BackgroundDevelopment and Validation of the Physical Effort Scale (PES)
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- Authors
- Bonnelle, V., Manohar, S., Behrens, T., & Husain, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- ORCID
- Manohar, Sanjay
- Venue
- Cerebral Cortex
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2015-11-12
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- bhv247
- ISSN
- 1047-3211 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2199
- PMC
- PMC4712805
- OpenAlex
- W2179264811
- Cited by
- 163
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 14 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 13
- FWCI
- 9.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- Cerebral Cortex (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Wellcome Trust
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Free Will and Agency
- Keywords
- reward-based decision-making, effort-based decision making, supplementary motor area, anterior cingulate cortex, action prediction, structural connectivity, functional connectivity, motivation
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain Mapping, Cues, Decision Making, Female, Humans, Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Individuality, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Motor Cortex, Neural Pathways, Photic Stimulation, Psychophysics, Reward, Young Adult, Feedback, Sensory, Apathy, Self Report, White Matter
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