The burden of endometriosis: costs and quality of life of women with endometriosis and treated in referral centres
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to calculate costs and health-related quality of life of women with endometriosis-associated symptoms treated in referral centres. METHODS: A prospective, multi-centre, questionnaire-based survey measured costs and quality of life in ambulatory care and in 12 tertiary care centres in 10 countries. The study enrolled women with a diagnosis of endometriosis and with at least one centre-specific contact related to endometriosis-associated symptoms in 2008. The main outcome measures were health care costs, costs of productivity loss, total costs and quality-adjusted life years. Predictors of costs were identified using regression analysis. RESULTS: Data analysis of 909 women demonstrated that the average annual total cost per woman was €9579 (95% confidence interval €8559-€10 599). Costs of productivity loss of €6298 per woman were double the health care costs of €3113 per woman. Health care costs were mainly due to surgery (29%), monitoring tests (19%) and hospitalization (18%) and physician visits (16%). Endometriosis-associated symptoms generated 0.809 quality-adjusted life years per woman. Decreased quality of life was the most important predictor of direct health care and total costs. Costs were greater with increasing severity of endometriosis, presence of pelvic pain, presence of infertility and a higher number of years since diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Our study invited women to report resource use based on endometriosis-associated symptoms only, rather than drawing on a control population of women without endometriosis. Our study showed that the economic burden associated with endometriosis treated in referral centres is high and is similar to other chronic diseases (diabetes, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis). It arises predominantly from productivity loss, and is predicted by decreased quality of life.
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Endometriosis represents a significant financial burden on health systems.
“It also represents a significant financial burden on health systems.”
From Endometriosis: Epidemiology, Classification, Pathogenesis, Treatment and Genetics (Review of Literature) (2021) · cites this paper as [27]
Annual costs of endometriosis treatment in Europe range from €0.8 billion to €12.5 billion depending on the country and are comparable to other chronic diseases such as diabetes.
“The annual costs of endometriosis treatment in Europe range from €0.8 billion to €12.5 billion depending on the country and are comparable to other chronic diseases such as diabetes [27].”
From Endometriosis: Epidemiology, Classification, Pathogenesis, Treatment and Genetics (Review of Literature) (2021) · cites this paper as [27]
Endometriosis has a significant negative impact on social life, family, and sexual, educational and professional life.
“Endometriosis has a significant negative impact on aspects of social life, family, and sexual, educational and professional life [27,28,29].”
From Endometriosis: Epidemiology, Classification, Pathogenesis, Treatment and Genetics (Review of Literature) (2021) · cites this paper as [27]
Recurrence typically manifests with cyclic symptoms and may occur months to years following the initial surgery.
“Recurrence typically manifests with cyclic symptoms and may occur months to years following the initial surgery6.”
From Postcesarean section abdominal wall endometriosis: a rare case report (2024) · cites this paper as [6]
Abdominal wall endometriosis generally has a low recurrence rate after complete excision.
“Long-term follow-up is crucial to monitor for recurrence or complications, although abdominal wall endometriosis generally has a low recurrence rate after complete excision.”
From Postcesarean section abdominal wall endometriosis: a rare case report (2024) · cites this paper as [6]
Endometriosis has estimated annual costs of US $12,419 per woman (approximately €9579), comprising one-third direct health care costs and two-thirds loss of productivity.
“estimated annual costs of US $12 419 per woman (approximately €9579), comprising one-third of the direct health care costs with two-thirds attributed to loss of productivity.6”
From Defining Future Directions for Endometriosis Research: Workshop Report From the 2011 World Congress of Endometriosis in Montpellier, France (2013) · cites this paper as [6]
Decreased quality of life is the most important predictor of direct health care and total costs in endometriosis.
“Decreased quality of life (QoL) was the most important predictor of direct health care and total costs.”
From Defining Future Directions for Endometriosis Research: Workshop Report From the 2011 World Congress of Endometriosis in Montpellier, France (2013) · cites this paper as [6]
Endometriosis impairs women's health-related quality of life compared with healthy controls.
“Findings showed that endometriosis impaired women’s HRQoL.”
From Health-related quality of life in women with endometriosis: a systematic review (2012) · cites this paper as [5]
Decreased health-related quality of life is the most important predictor of health-care cost in women with endometriosis.
“Moreover, decreased HRQoL was the most important predictor of health-care cost [5].”
From Health-related quality of life in women with endometriosis: a systematic review (2012) · cites this paper as [5]
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- Authors
- Simoens, S., Dunselman, G., Dirksen, C., Hummelshoj, L., Bokor, A., Brandes, I., Brodszky, V., Canis, M., Colombo, G. L., DeLeire, T., Falcone, T., Graham, B., Halis, G., Horne, A., Kanj, O., Kjer, J. J., Kristensen, J., Lebovic, D., Mueller, M., Vigano, P., Wullschleger, M., & D'Hooghe, T.
- Affiliations
- KU Leuven (BE)
- Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
- Semmelweis University (HU)
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (DE)
- Corvinus University of Budapest (HU)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Clermont-Ferrand (FR)
- University of Pavia (IT)
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- National Health Service (GB)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- University of Bern (CH)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Human Reproduction
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2012-03-14
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1292-1299
- ISSN
- 0268-1161 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2350
- OpenAlex
- W2145383112
- Cited by
- 1,070
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 67 · 2025: 110 · 2024: 115 · 2023: 93 · 2022: 100 · 2021: 103 · 2020: 100 · 2019: 72 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 67 · 2016: 52 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 13
- FWCI
- 47.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Human Reproduction (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- BORIS (University Library Bern) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Pfizer
- Bayer
- European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Endometriosis Research and Treatment
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnosis and Management
- Keywords
- endometriosis, economic burden, health care costs, productivity loss, quality-adjusted life years, health-related quality of life, referral centers, pelvic pain, infertility, endometriosis severity, resource utilization (health care)
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Ambulatory Care, Endometriosis, Female, Humans, Infertility, Female, Prospective Studies, Quality of Life, Regression Analysis, Health Care Costs, Cost of Illness, Pelvic Pain, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Tertiary Care Centers
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