The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Gender Differences in Alzheimer Disease: Brain Atrophy, Histopathology Burden, and Cognition
Open accessAbstract
Multiple studies suggest that females are affected by Alzheimer disease (AD) more severely and more frequently than males. Other studies have failed to confirm this and the issue remains controversial. Difficulties include differences in study methods and male versus female life expectancy. Another element of uncertainty is that the majority of studies have lacked neuropathological confirmation of the AD diagnosis. We compared clinical and pathological AD severity in 1028 deceased subjects with full neuropathological examinations. The age of dementia onset did not differ by gender but females were more likely to proceed to very severe clinical and pathological disease, with significantly higher proportions having a Mini-Mental State Examination score of 5 or less and Braak stage VI neurofibrillary degeneration. Median neuritic plaque densities were similar in females and males with AD but females had significantly greater tangle density scores. In addition, we found that AD-control brain weight differences were significantly greater for females, even after adjustment for age, disease duration, and comorbid conditions. These findings suggest that when they are affected by AD, females progress more often to severe cognitive dysfunction, due to more severe neurofibrillary degeneration, and greater loss of brain parenchyma.
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“Recent studies suggest that women develop greater neurofibrillary degeneration, brain parenchymal loss, and cognitive decline.52,53,54”
From Sex differences in cognitive decline among US adults (2021) · cites this paper as [53]
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Understanding the impact of sex and gender in Alzheimer’s disease: A call to action
Nebel, R. A., Aggarwal, N. T., Barnes, L. L., Gallagher, A., Goldstein, J. M., Kantarci, K., Mallampalli, M. P., Mormino, E. C., Scott, L., Yu, W. H., et al. (2018) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2018.04.008 · Cited by 839
“[119] Filon JR, Intorcia AJ, Sue LI, Vazquez Arreola E, Wilson J, Davis KJ, et al.”
Sex differences in cognitive decline among US adults
Levine, D. A., Gross, A. L., Briceño, E. M., Tilton, N., Giordani, B. J., Sussman, J. B., Hayward, R. A., Burke, J. F., Hingtgen, S., Elkind, M. S. V., et al. (2021) · JAMA Network Open · doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.0169 · Cited by 440
“9%) (median [IQR] age, 58 [51-67] years at first cognitive assessment; 3636 [25.”
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“An unexpected and interesting finding was that CSF N-p-tau217 was slightly higher in women than men, which is consistent with studies that show that women have higher levels of tau pathology in pathological and PET studies (Filon et al, 2016; Buckley et al, 2019).”
ResultSex differences in Alzheimer’s disease and common neuropathologies of aging
Oveisgharan, S., Arvanitakis, Z., Yu, L., Farfel, J., Schneider, J. A., & Bennett, D. A. (2018) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-018-1920-1 · Cited by 330
Sex differences in Alzheimer's disease
Laws, K. R., Irvine, K., & Gale, T. M. (2018) · Current Opinion in Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/yco.0000000000000401 · Cited by 216
“Furthermore, neuroimaging [5 && ] and postmortem [6] studies point to potentially different underlying Alzheimer’s disease pathology between the sexes.”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Filon, J. R., Intorcia, A. J., Sue, L. I., Vazquez Arreola, E., Wilson, J., Davis, K. J., Sabbagh, M. N., Belden, C. M., Caselli, R. J., Adler, C. H., Woodruff, B. K., Rapscak, S. Z., Ahern, G. L., Burke, A. D., Jacobson, S., Shill, H. A., Driver-Dunckley, E., Chen, K., Reiman, E. M., Beach, T. G., & Serrano, G. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Arizona (US)
- Corresponding author
- Serrano, Geidy E.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2016-06-11
- Volume
- 75
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 748-754
- ISSN
- 0022-3069 (ISSN-L)
- 1554-6578
- PMC
- PMC7299435
- OpenAlex
- W2418237732
- Cited by
- 143
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 5.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (U24 NS072026)
- National Institute on Aging (P30 AG19610)
- Arizona Department of Health Services (211002)
- Arizona Biomedical Research Commission (4001, 0011, 05-901, 1001)
- Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, sex differences, brain atrophy, neurofibrillary tangles, Braak stages, neuritic plaques, cognitive impairment, dementia severity, neuropathology, brain weight, Mini-Mental State Examination
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