Practitioner Review: Anxiety disorders in children and young people – assessment and treatment
Open accessAbstract
Despite significant advancements in our knowledge of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents, they continue to be underrecognised and undertreated. It is critical that these disorders are taken seriously in children and young people as they are highly prevalent, have a negative impact on educational, social and health functioning, create a risk of ongoing anxiety and other mental health disorders across the life span and are associated with substantial economic burden. Yet very few children with anxiety disorders access evidence‐based treatments, and there is an urgent need for widespread implementation of effective interventions. This review aimed to provide an overview of recent research developments that will be relevant to clinicians and policymakers, particularly focusing on the development and maintenance of child anxiety disorders and considerations for assessment and treatment. Given the critical need to increase access to effective support, we hope this review will contribute to driving forward a step change in treatment delivery for children and young people with anxiety disorders and their families.
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The importance of parent negative reinforcement and parent psychological control in youth anxiety is strongly grounded in theory, research, and clinical practice.
“The importance of parent negative reinforcement and parent psychological control in youth anxiety is strongly grounded in theory, research, and clinical practice (e.g., Creswell et al., 2020; Ginsburg et al., 1995; McLeod et al., 2007; van der Bruggen et al., 2008).”
From Boundaries on Parent Involvement in Their Child’s Anxiety Cognitive-Behavioral-Treatment Outcome: Parent Reinforcement and Relationship Behaviors Moderate Outcome (2024) · cites this paper as Creswell et al., 2020
The Development section reports some longitudinal and experimental evidence linking parental overinvolvement or control to child anxiety, and the treatment-components section reports that reductions in parental psychological control mediated outcomes in one form of CBT (pages not provided). The copy does not establish the claimed importance of parent negative reinforcement, and its qualified account of parental control does not support describing both factors as strongly grounded across theory, research, and clinical practice. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThis study presents the first stepped-care CBT protocol for childhood anxiety developed for use in a primary care setting.
“However, to our knowledge, this study presents the first stepped-care CBT protocol for childhood anxiety developed for use in a primary care setting.”
From Developing a primary care-based cognitive behavioral intervention for anxiety in children through a participatory approach: a qualitative study. (2026) · cites this paper as [36]
The section ‘Psychological interventions for populations at particular risk’ describes stepped-care CBT for childhood anxiety and calls an earlier study its first systematic evaluation. It does not say that the citing study presents the first stepped-care CBT protocol developed for primary care; that novelty claim is the citing authors’ own. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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Social anxiety in pre-adolescent children: What do we know about maintenance?
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Self-citationFeasibility of Virtual Reality Environments for Adolescent Social Anxiety Disorder
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Self-citationAssessing anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
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Evans, R., Thirlwall, K., Cooper, P., & Creswell, C. (2017) · Psychological Assessment · doi:10.1037/pas0000375 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Self-citationMental health of children and adolescents
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Self-citationBehavioral treatment of social phobia in youth: Does parent education training improve the outcome?
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Self-citationThe Metacognitive Model of Anxiety in Children: Towards a Reliable and Valid Measure
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Cognitive behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders in children and adolescents
James, A. C., Reardon, T., Soler, A., James, G., & Creswell, C. (2020) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd013162.pub2 · Cited by 344 · see citing works
Self-citationResearch Review: Pediatric Anxiety Disorders—What Have We Learnt in the Last 10 Years?
Strawn, J. R., Lu, L., Peris, T. S., Levine, A., & Walkup, J. T. (2021) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.13262 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Krause, K. R., Chung, S., Adewuya, A. O., Albano, A. M., Babins-Wagner, R., Birkinshaw, L., Brann, P., Creswell, C., Delaney, K., Falissard, B., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30356-4 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Self-citationHaig-Ferguson, A., Cooper, K., Cartwright, E., Loades, M. E., & Daniels, J. (2021) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465820000636 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
“…behavioural therapy There is evidence to support the use of CBT for childhood anxiety, ranging from low-intensity interventions (bibliotherapy and E-therapy) to high-intensity interventions (nine to 20 face-toface sessions: Creswell et al., 2014; Creswell et al., 2020; James et al., 2015).”
BackgroundMethodOdgers, K., Dargue, N., Creswell, C., Jones, M. P., & Hudson, J. L. (2020) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-020-00319-z · Cited by 70 · see citing works
“However, for some children, symptoms develop into maladaptive anxiety disorders, characterised by excessive and persistent fears, avoidance due to anticipation of threat, and associated disruption in functioning (Beesdo-Baum and Knappe 2012; Creswell et al. 2020).”
BackgroundSelf-citationOdriozola, P., & Gee, D. G. (2021) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.20020232 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Mental health symptoms in children and adolescents during COVID-19 in Australia
Sicouri, G., March, S., Pellicano, E., De Young, A. C., Donovan, C. L., Cobham, V. E., Rowe, A., Brett, S., Russell, J. K., Uhlmann, L., et al. (2023) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00048674221090174 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“Obtaining parent-reported data to detect mental health symptoms in younger children (versus adolescents) is important given the lack of validated self-report measures for children under the age of 8 years, and parent report is considered a more reliable indicator of diagnostic outcomes for preadolescent children (Cres…”
BackgroundSelf-citationEvans, R., Clark, D. M., & Leigh, E. (2021) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s135246582000079x · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“In a recent review, Creswell et al. (2020) have emphasised the need to move away from the historical ‘one-size-fits-all’ approach to disorder-specific CBT for child and adolescent anxiety disorders.”
BackgroundParental anxiety and offspring development: A systematic review
Sweeney, S., & Wilson, C. E. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.01.128 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Sullivan, R. M., & Opendak, M. M. (2020) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.08.020 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“Disruption in fear processing and anxiety can be related to genetics (see review by Erika Nurmi in this Special Issue), but environmental input during development is known to be critical, with early adversity being associated with elevated levels of anxiety (19, 99, 100).”
BackgroundLi-min, Z., Cao, H., Lin, C., & Ye, P. (2022) · Early Childhood Research Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.ecresq.2022.01.007 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Racz, J. I., Bialocerkowski, A., Calteaux, I., & Farrell, L. (2024) · Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review · doi:10.1007/s10567-024-00478-3 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Whilst limited research has examined the efficacy of individual components of CBT, ET is an exception (Creswell et al., 2020), with evidence suggesting that ET uniquely reduces symptom severity and improves functioning when accounting for relaxation training and cognitive restructuring (Peris et…”
BackgroundSilverman, W. K., Rey, Y., Marin, C. E., Jaccard, J., & Pettit, J. W. (2022) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026211016402 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Childs‐Fegredo, J., Burn, A., Duschinsky, R., Humphrey, A., Ford, T. J., Jones, P. B., & Howarth, E. (2020) · School Mental Health · doi:10.1007/s12310-020-09398-3 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Anxiety among Adolescents and Young Adults during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multi-Country Survey
Sabbagh, H. J., Abdelaziz, W., Alghamdi, W., Quritum, M., AlKhateeb, N., Abourdan, J., Qureshi, N., Qureshi, S., Hamoud, A. H. N., Mahmoud, N., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph191710538 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Adolescence is a critical period as it considered a transformational where children are growing to adulthood and their immaturity is developing to maturity making them vulnerable to external and environmental pressures [7,8].”
BackgroundCreswell, C., Chessell, C., & Halliday, G. (2022) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465822000546 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Management of Anxiety and Depression in Pediatrics
Pettitt, R., Brown, E. A., Delashmitt, J. C., & Pizzo, M. N. (2022) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.30231 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
“Furthermore, the benefits of using this combination therapy were maintained at 24- and 36-week follow-up periods [2,7,9].”
BackgroundInfluentialReceipt of evidence-based care for children and adolescents with anxiety in Australia
Gandhi, E., OGradey-Lee, M., Jones, A., & Hudson, J. L. (2022) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/00048674211068780 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“Despite the potential lifelong impacts on a child’s well-being (Creswell et al., 2020), low rates of access to treatment for children with anxiety symptoms have been reported (Reardon et al., 2020), and the evidence assessing the type of support these individuals are receiving is limited.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationHarrewijn, A., Kitt, E. R., Abend, R., Matsumoto, C., Odriozola, P., Winkler, A. M., Leibenluft, E., Pine, D. S., & Gee, D. G. (2020) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112994 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Future work with larger samples and methodological refinements might confirm altered conditioned inhibition in pediatric anxiety disorders and provide targets for CBT-resistant anxiety.”
BackgroundInfluentialJibunoh, O., & Ani, C. C. (2021) · International Journal of Mental Health · doi:10.1080/00207411.2021.1891362 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
“The effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for childhood anxiety is now well established (Creswell et al., 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialBennett, S. D., Kerry, E., Fifield, K., Ching, B. C. F., Catanzano, M., Liang, H., Heyman, I., Coughtrey, A. E., Sanderson, C., Rojas, N. K., et al. (2021) · JCPP Advances · doi:10.1002/jcv2.12046 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Parent-Led Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Children with Autism Spectrum Conditions. A Pilot Study
Byrne, G., Ghráda, Á. N., & O’Mahony, T. (2022) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-022-05424-2 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Doering, S., Halldner, L., Larsson, H., Gillberg, C., Kuja‐Halkola, R., Lichtenstein, P., & Lundström, S. (2022) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114556 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“For anxiety disorders, concerns have been raised regarding available randomized controlled trials which include broad ranges of age groups, giving little attention to age-specific phenotypes or effects (Creswell et al., 2020).”
BackgroundSilverman, W. K., Rey, Y., Marin, C. E., Boutris, P., Jaccard, J., & Pettit, J. W. (2024) · Clinical Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/21677026231209331 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“The importance of parent negative reinforcement and parent psychological control in youths with anxiety is strongly grounded in theory, research, and clinical practice (e.g., Creswell et al., 2020; Ginsburg et al., 1995; McLeod et al., 2007; van der Bruggen et al., 2008).”
Samuel, O. N., McCallum, S. M., Pasalich, D. S., Batterham, P. J., & Calear, A. L. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.05.079 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
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“Notably, some studies suggest that young people with SAD benefit less from transdiagnostic interventions that target several anxiety disorders than young people with other anxiety disorders [52-54].”
Zhai, M., Gao, W., Feng, Y., Jian, J., & Xu, F. (2024) · Journal of Youth and Adolescence · doi:10.1007/s10964-024-02038-y · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Anxiety aggregates in families, and previous studies have found a close association between parental control and children ’ s anxiety (Rogers et al., 2020; Creswell et al., 2020).”
The Neurobiology of Infant Attachment-Trauma and Disruption of Parent–Infant Interactions
Naeem, N., Zanca, R. M., Weinstein, S., Urquieta, A., Sosa, A., Yu, B., & Sullivan, R. M. (2022) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.882464 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
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The ecology of youth psychological wellbeing in the COVID-19 pandemic.
Salmon, K. (2021) · Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.jarmac.2021.11.002 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Shenaar‐Golan, V., Yatzkar, U., & Yaffe, Y. (2021) · American Journal of Men s Health · doi:10.1177/15579883211067103 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“Other aspects of a child’s environment that have also been examined are the role of stressful life events, sibling and peer relationships, social media, and school environment (Creswell et al., 2020; Lawrence et al., 2019).”
BackgroundTime-Out with Young Children: A Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) Practitioner Review
Woodfield, M. J., Brodd, I., & Hetrick, S. E. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19010145 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
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“[49] note in a recent review on the treatment of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents that there is surprisingly little known about age-specific interventions of anxiety disorders, even though clinical characteristics for children and adolescents vary.”
BackgroundWalder, N., Berger, T., & Schmidt, S. J. (2023) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/44346 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“This emphasizes the need for interventions specifically targeting symptoms of social anxiety such as those proposed in the Clark and Wells or Heimberg model [22,23].”
Development and Preliminary Validation of the Child & Adolescent Social Cognitions Questionnaire
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Leigh, E., Creswell, C., Stallard, P., Waite, P., Violato, M., Pearcey, S., Brooks, E., Taylor, L., Warnock-Parkes, E., & Clark, D. M. (2021) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465821000035 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
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Depressive and Anxious Symptoms in Spanish Adolescents: Normative Data for the PHQ-9 and GAD-7
García, M. D. L. A. C., Díez-Gómez, A., Pérez‐Albéniz, A., Lucas‐Molina, B., & Fonseca‐Pedrero, E. (2024) · Clínica y Salud · doi:10.5093/clysa2024a13 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Previous literature has identified numerous measurement instruments to assess symptoms of anxiety or depression, or more generally, the internalizing dimension, in adolescent populations (e.g., Bernaras et al., 2019; Creswell et al., 2020; Deighton et al., 2014; Piqueras et al., 2017; Spence, 2018).”
Shorer, M., Ben-Haim, Z., Klauzner, N., Ben-Ami, N., & Fennig, S. (2022) · Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/13591045221075526 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“There is an ongoing debate over the contribution of parental involvement to CBToutcomes, with diverse results reported in different meta-analyses (for a review, see Creswell et al., 2020; Crowe & McKay, 2017).”
BackgroundReardon, T. C., Ball, S., Breen, M. A., Brown, P., Day, E., Ford, T. J., Gray, A. M., Green, I., Hill, C., Jasper, B., et al. (2022) · Pilot and Feasibility Studies · doi:10.1186/s40814-022-01140-x · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“Psychological interventions are effective at treating anxiety disorders in children [6].”
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“Child ratings have been suggested to be less reliable than clinician or parent ratings (Creswell et al., 2020; Evans et al., 2017) and often do not demonstrate improvement even when clinician-and parent-rated measures do (e.g., Jewell et al., 2022).”
Implementing Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy in Children and Adolescents with Anxiety Disorders
Patriarca, G. C., Pettit, J. W., & Silverman, W. K. (2022) · Clinical Psychology and Special Education · doi:10.17759/cpse.2022110207 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
“If left untreated, anxiety disorders often run a chronic course and persist into adulthood [12; 19].”
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“Lastly, generalized and social anxiety are one of the most common mental disorders in adolescence, and their prevalence has been increasing (Creswell et al., 2020; Polanczyk et al., 2015; Tassin et al., 2014), but few studies have examined how internet use may contribute to different types of…”
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The impact of universal mental health screening on stigma in primary schools
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“Not only is anxiety among the most prevalent mental health problem during childhood, but it predicts various detrimental outcomes in psychological, educational, and social aspects (Creswell et al., 2020; Polanczyk et al., 2015).”
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“Furthermore, anxiety and depression have detrimental effects on educational achievement, emotional and social functioning, self-esteem, quality of life, and general well-being [24,25].”
Casares, M. Á., Díez-Gómez, A., Pérez‐Albéniz, A., & Fonseca‐Pedrero, E. (2023) · Revista de Psicodidáctica (English ed ) · doi:10.1016/j.psicoe.2023.12.003 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
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“As such, late childhood and adolescence may be a key developmental phase for preventive and treatment efforts (Creswell et al., 2020 ).”
Whiteside, S. P. H., Riemann, B. C., & McCarthy, D. M. (2022) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/10731911221077232 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“Although a large number of questionnaires have been developed to assess symptoms of CADs, a much smaller number of less well-developed measures assess functioning (Creswell et al., 2020; Krause et al., 2021).”
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The most common mental disorders in young people and middle-aged people in the modern world
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Maternal Depression and Mother-Child Oxytocin Synchrony in Youth with Anxiety Disorders
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“Autistic youth face difficulties understanding social rules [56] and perceive friendship differently to their NT peers, which makes it more difficult to fit in [57].”
Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents
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Patterns of sub‐optimal change following CBT for childhood anxiety
Bertie, L., Arendt, K. B., Coleman, J. R. I., Cooper, P., Creswell, C., Eley, T. C., Hartman, C. A., Heiervang, E. R., In‐Albon, T., Krause, K., et al. (2024) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/jcpp.14009 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
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“6 This pattern is in part due to the reliance on mechanisms of fear reduction studied primarily in adults (ie, fear extinction) that undergo developmental 7,8 and trauma-related 9 changes and that require discrimination between overlapping threat and safety representations, 10 in addition to the in…”
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Optimising Anxiety Treatment for Autistic Children: a Narrative Review
Pearce, R. T., Kelly, A. B., & Campbell, M. A. (2023) · Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40489-023-00397-z · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“…thoughts, exposure activities to enable children to confront feared situations in a graded fashion, and other forms of skills training, such as relaxation, social skills, and problem-solving training (see reviews by Ale et al., 2015; Creswell et al., 2020; Rotheram-Fuller & MacMullen, 2011).”
Orgilés, M., Galán‐Luque, T., Hervás, D., Idrobo, A., & Morales, A. (2023) · Revista Latinoamericana de Psicología · doi:10.14349/rlp.2023.v55.25 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Dumont, É., Parent, S., Ryan, N. C., Jacques, S., Freeston, M. H., Zelazo, P. D., & Séguin, J. R. (2024) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-024-01175-z · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“They are common during childhood, affecting between 15 and 20% of children, and are associated with the likelihood that children later develop anxiety disorders (Beesdo et al., 2009; Creswell et al., 2020 ).”
Siphukhanyo, L., & Olawale, B. E. (2024) · Journal of Culture and Values in Education · doi:10.46303/jcve.2024.2 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“Given that participants can express themselves while providing data, it is a more flexible method (Creswell et al., 2020).”
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“[1,2] Students with borderline intellectual functioning (“slow learners”) have an intelligence quotient (IQ) score in the range of 71 to 84.”
HOW ANXIETY AFFECT ENGLISH ACHIEVEMENT?: A CORRELATIONAL STUDY OF INDONESIAN EFL LEARNERS
Nasution, R. F., Manuas, M. J., Ali, M. I., Pabur, H. E., & Tatipang, D. P. (2022) · Journal of English Culture Language Literature and Education · doi:10.53682/eclue.v10i2.5540 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
“As (Creswell, Waite, & Hudson, 2020) suggested that anxiety is a form of an emotional and behavioral condition that is related to phobias, mood disorders and depression.”
BackgroundStewart, S. M., Sanei, S., Abu-Samaha, A., Emslie, G. J., Rathouz, P. J., Belford, A., Garrett, A. S., Shotwell, J., Taylor, L. K., Rousseau, J. F., et al. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2025.120140 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
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Targeted Intervention for Elementary Students With Internalizing Behaviors: A Pilot Evaluation
Zakszeski, B. N., Banks, E. C., & Parks, T. W. (2023) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.1080/2372966x.2023.2195806 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
“The BASC-3 rating scales have been normed with students ages 6 through 11 and, thus, can be used with early elementary students, in contrast with the majority of instruments measuring children’s internalizing symptoms, which commonly have a minimum age of 8 (Creswell et al., 2020).”
Clark, M., Sardá, M. G., Alaverdashvili, M., Le, T., Teare, A., Barton, J. C., Jensen, P. S., & Felstrom, A. (2025) · BMC Family Practice · doi:10.1186/s12875-025-02872-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
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“…of reliable and clinically valid assessment and screening tools of anxiety symptoms has been repeatedly emphasized and their implementation in routine clinical practice has also been recommended (Creswell et al., 2020; DSM-5; American Psychological American Psychiatric Association, 2013).”
ANSIEDADE INFANTIL: relação com a estrutura familiar e suas consequências
Pessoa, M. D. S. G., Mattos, S. F. C., Honório, A. D. D. V., et al. (2024) · Brazilian Journal of Implantology and Health Sciences · doi:10.36557/2674-8169.2024v6n4p1680-1693 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Using fuzzy decision support to create a positive mental health environment for preschoolers
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Pediatric anxiety disorders: Basic concepts for primary care
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“3,4,6,10 This will include time course, progression, triggers, and factors that may alleviate or exacerbate symptoms.”
Aji, M., Datyner, A., Gougeon, J., Paravastu, N., Champ, S. L., Lim, C. Y. S., Teng, A. Y., & Hudson, J. L. (2026) · Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health · doi:10.1186/s13034-025-01011-2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Exposure is considered a critical component of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT), which is the recommended first line of treatment for paediatric anxiety disorders [30, 31].”
Self-citationThe safety behaviors in anxiety and their effects
Tao, L. I., 焦虑相关的认知偏差存在联系, 、., Hui, S. O. N. G., Ran, G. A. O., & Fei, F. E. N. G. (2022) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2022.02067 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“00 01 3v 1 为的初始动机是不够的，应回归概念提出的初衷，更强调这些行为的过度使用、使用情境 的不恰当和长期效果的消极性等特征。 此外，安全行为的测量与评估不仅可以促进该领域的量化研究，还可以应用于预测患 者在特定情境中的焦虑水平、参与治疗后的效果等临床实践。但目前测量安全行为的工具 较为缺乏并缺乏针对性，研究者只针对社交焦虑者设计了测量工具，而开发的一般性安全 行为量表又忽视了不同焦虑障碍者安全行为内容的特异性。因此，以后的研究者一方面需 要注重测量工具的编制、信效度检验和临床实效，另一方面要根据各种不同焦虑障碍在焦 虑内容和安全行为上的特异性，设计专门对应的评估工具，以增加研究的实践价值。 5.2改进研究设计，考察安全…”
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Treatment for Anxiety Disorders in Youth: Current Findings for Best Practice
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Peer Relationship and Social Skills Development among Grade 6 Teachers
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“ACT informed parent-led approaches show promise but a recent practitioner review has suggested that there is not strong enough evidence to conclude that psychological interventions other than CBT are effective for child anxiety (Creswell et al., 2020).”
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“…mental health needs compared to the general population and changes in parental mental health may be attributable to improvements in their CYP’s mental health with some studies suggesting it may not be necessary to treat CYP and parents separately to affect significant positive change for both [33].”
Enhancing Anxiety Detection Through ECG-Derived HRV Features and Machine Learning
Hasna, T., Sindhu, N., & Deepika, K. (2025) · International Conference on Control, Communication and Computing (ICCC) · doi:10.1109/iccc64910.2025.11077241 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
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How does livelihood capital alleviate psychological anxiety among immigrants?
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- Authors
- Creswell, C., Waite, P., & Hudson, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Centre for Emotional Health Macquarie University Sydney NSW Australia
- Corresponding author
- Creswell, Cathy
- Venue
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-01-21
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 628-643
- ISSN
- 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7610
- OpenAlex
- W2998775672
- Semantic Scholar
- b07b0bd441d9a864809bc3dc3d6fd9d7b26bd9cb
- Cited by
- 140
- References
- 164
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 24 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 13
- FWCI
- 1.55
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- CentAUR (University of Reading) (submittedVersion)
- UNSWorks (University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- National Institute on Handicapped Research (NIHR‐RP‐2014‐04‐018, PDF‐2016‐09‐092)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Therapy and Development
- Keywords
- childhood anxiety disorders, adolescent anxiety, anxiety assessment, anxiety treatment, evidence-based interventions, treatment access, family support
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Anxiety Disorders, Child, Humans
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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