Optimal body weight for health and longevity: bridging basic, clinical, and population research
Open accessAbstract
Excess body weight and adiposity cause insulin resistance, inflammation, and numerous other alterations in metabolic and hormonal factors that promote atherosclerosis, tumorigenesis, neurodegeneration, and aging. Studies in both animals and humans have demonstrated a beneficial role of dietary restriction and leanness in promoting health and longevity. Epidemiological studies have found strong direct associations between increasing body mass index (BMI) and risks of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and several types of cancer, beginning from BMI of 20-21 kg m(-2). Although a recent meta-analysis suggests that overweight individuals have significantly lower overall mortality than normal-weight individuals, these data are likely to be an artifact produced by serious methodological problems, especially confounding by smoking, reverse causation due to existing chronic disease, and nonspecific loss of lean mass and function in the frail elderly. From a clinical and public health point of view, maintaining a healthy weight through diet and physical activity should remain the cornerstone in the prevention of chronic diseases and the promotion of healthy aging.
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The effects of overweight and excessive accumulation of abdominal fat on chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic health in general will overcome the beneficial effects of the polyphenols contained in olive oil.
“The effects of overweight and of the excessive accumulation of abdominal fat on chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, insulin sensitivity, and metabolic health in general will overcome the beneficial effects of the polyphenols contained in olive oil (64).”
From Health Benefits of the Mediterranean Diet: Metabolic and Molecular Mechanisms (2018) · cites this paper as [64]
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Weight, Weight Change, and Coronary Heart Disease in Women
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Overweight, Obesity, and All-Cause Mortality
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Self-citationCalorie restriction in humans: An update
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- Authors
- Fontana, L., & Hu, F. B.
- Affiliations
- Washington University in St. Louis (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Fontana, Luigi
- Hu, Frank B.
- Venue
- Aging Cell
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2014-03-14
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 391-400
- ISSN
- 1474-9718 (ISSN-L)
- 1474-9726
- PMC
- PMC4032609
- OpenAlex
- W2129192173
- Cited by
- 157
- References
- 106
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 15 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 16 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 2.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Aging Cell (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Commons@Becker (Washington University School of Medicine) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Institutional Research Information System (Università degli Studi di Brescia) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Glenn Foundation for Medical Research
- Longer Life Foundation
- Bakewell Foundation
- European Commission (320333)
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000448, DK46200, RR024992, UL1‐RR024992)
- National Cancer Institute (U54CA155626)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK058845, P30DK046200, P30 DK-46200, DK58845, P30DK056341, DK46200.)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR-024992, UL1RR024992)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- FP7 Socio-Economic Sciences and Humanities
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Risks and Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Keywords
- body mass index, obesity, adiposity, longevity, healthy aging, dietary restriction, leanness, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer risk, mortality, confounding, reverse causality, lean mass loss, physical activity, diet, chronic disease prevention
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Body Weight, Energy Intake, Humans, Longevity, Obesity, Risk Factors, Body Mass Index
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
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