Strange vision: ganglion cells as circadian photoreceptors
Abstract
A novel photoreceptor of the mammalian retina has recently been discovered and characterized. The novel cells differ radically from the classical rod and cone photoreceptors. They use a unique photopigment, most probably melanopsin. They have lower sensitivity and spatiotemporal resolution than rods or cones and they seem specialized to encode ambient light intensity. Most surprisingly, they are ganglion cells and, thus, communicate directly with the brain. These intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) help to synchronize circadian rhythms with the solar day. They also contribute to the pupillary light reflex and other behavioral and physiological responses to environmental illumination.
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Blue light has many physiologic effects but perhaps the most important among them is to entrain the circadian rhythm.
“Thus, today it is understood that blue light has many physiologic effects but perhaps the most important among them is to entrain the circadian rhythm 5.”
From The inner clock-Blue light sets the human rhythm (2019) · cites this paper as [5]
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te Kulve, M., Schellen, L., Schlangen, L. J. M., & van Marken Lichtenbelt, W. D. (2016) · Acta Physiologica · doi:10.1111/apha.12552 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Circadian Rhythms, Melatonin and Depression
A. Quera Salva, M., Hartley, S., Barbot, F., C. Alvarez, J., Lofaso, F., & Guilleminault, C. (2011) · Current Pharmaceutical Design · doi:10.2174/138161211796197188 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells: implications for human diseases
La Morgia, C., Ross-Cisneros, F. N., Hannibal, J., Montagna, P., Sadun, A. A., & Carelli, V. (2011) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2010.07.023 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
What keeps us awake?–the role of clocks and hourglasses, light, and melatonin
Cajochen, C., Chellappa, S., & Schmidt, C. (2010) · International review of neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(10)93003-1 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Dim Light at Night Does Not Disrupt Timing or Quality of Sleep in Mice
Borniger, J. C., Weil, Z. M., Zhang, N., & Nelson, R. J. (2013) · Chronobiology International · doi:10.3109/07420528.2013.803196 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
In synch but not in step: Circadian clock circuits regulating plasticity in daily rhythms
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- Authors
- Berson, D.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Berson, D
- ORCID
- Berson, D
- Venue
- Trends in Neurosciences
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-06
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 314-320
- ISSN
- 0166-2236 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2004381001
- Cited by
- 546
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 27
- FWCI
- 10.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Neurosciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Eye Institute (R01EY012793)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells, circadian photoreceptors, melanopsin, circadian synchronization, pupillary light reflex, rod and cone photoreceptors, retinal photopigments
- MeSH terms
- Melanopsin, Animals, Circadian Rhythm, Synaptic Transmission, Photic Stimulation, Photoreceptor Cells, Retina, Retinal Ganglion Cells, Retinal Pigments, Rod Opsins, Mice, Rats, Light Signal Transduction
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