Cited by 243Tryptophan and brain disordersGut microbiota and healthNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

Gut microbiota–brain axis in depression: the role of neuroinflammation

Carlessi, Anelise S., Borba, Laura A., Zugno, Alexandra I., Quevedo, João, Réus, Gislaine Z.·2021·European Journal of Neuroscience

Abstract

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a psychiatric condition that affects a large number of people in the world, and the treatment existents do not work for all individuals affected. Thus, it is believed that other systems or pathways which regulate brain networks involved in mood regulation and cognition are associated with MDD pathogenesis. Studies in humans and animal models have been shown that in MDD there are increased levels of inflammatory mediators, including cytokines and chemokines in both periphery and central nervous system (CNS). In addition, microglial activation appears to be a key event that triggers changes in signaling cascades and gene expression that would be determinant for the onset of depressive symptoms. Recent researches also point out that changes in the gut microbiota would lead to a systemic inflammation that in different ways would reach the CNS modulating inflammatory pathways and especially the microglia, which could influence responses to treatments. Moreover, pre- and probiotics have shown antidepressant responses and anti-inflammatory effects. This review will focus on studies that show the relationship of inflammation with the gut microbiota-brain axis and its relation with MDD.

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Crossref · 10.1111/ejn.14631

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152 of 152 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Authors
Carlessi, A. S., Borba, L. A., Zugno, A. I., Quevedo, J., & Réus, G. Z.
Affiliations
  • Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (BR)
  • The University of Texas System (US)
Corresponding author
Réus, Gislaine Z.
Venue
European Journal of Neuroscience
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2019-12-18
Volume
53
Issue
1
Pages
222-235
ISSN
  • 0953-816X (ISSN-L)
  • 1460-9568
OpenAlex
W2990446361
Cited by
243
References
152
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 44 · 2024: 52 · 2023: 40 · 2022: 35 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 15
FWCI
1.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • European Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • John S. Dunn Foundation
  • Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
  • Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa e Inovação do Estado de Santa Catarina
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords
gut-brain axis, major depressive disorder, neuroinflammation, microglial activation, systemic inflammation, cytokines, chemokines, prebiotics, probiotics, antidepressant response, depression pathogenesis
MeSH terms
Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Brain, Depression, Major Depressive Disorder, Humans, Probiotics

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