Pyrogenic carbon capture and storage

Schmidt, Hans‐Peter; Anca‐Couce, Andrés; Hagemann, Nikolas; Werner, Constanze; Gerten, Dieter; Lucht, Wolfgang; Kammann, Claudia

doi:10.1111/gcbb.12553

Cited by 186Thermochemical Biomass Conversion ProcessesCarbon Dioxide Capture TechnologiesCO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions

Pyrogenic carbon capture and storage

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Schmidt, Hans‐Peter, Anca‐Couce, Andrés, Hagemann, Nikolas, Werner, Constanze, Gerten, Dieter, Lucht, Wolfgang, Kammann, Claudia·2019·GCB Bioenergy

DOI 10.1111/gcbb.12553

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Abstract

The growth of biomass is considered the most efficient method currently available to extract carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. However, biomass carbon is easily degraded by microorganisms releasing it in the form of greenhouse gases back to the atmosphere. If biomass is pyrolyzed, the organic carbon is converted into solid (biochar), liquid (bio‐oil), and gaseous (permanent pyrogas) carbonaceous products. During the last decade, biochar has been discussed as a promising option to improve soil fertility and sequester carbon, although the carbon efficiency of the thermal conversion of biomass into biochar is in the range of 30%–50% only. So far, the liquid and gaseous pyrolysis products were mainly considered for combustion, though they can equally be processed into recalcitrant forms suitable for carbon sequestration. In this review, we show that pyrolytic carbon capture and storage (PyCCS) can aspire for carbon sequestration efficiencies of >70%, which is shown to be an important threshold to allow PyCCS to become a relevant negative emission technology. Prolonged residence times of pyrogenic carbon can be generated (a) within the terrestrial biosphere including the agricultural use of biochar; (b) within advanced bio‐based materials as long as they are not oxidized (biochar, bio‐oil); and (c) within suitable geological deposits (bio‐oil and CO 2 from permanent pyrogas oxidation). While pathway (c) would need major carbon taxes or similar governmental incentives to become a realistic option, pathways (a) and (b) create added economic value and could at least partly be implemented without other financial incentives. Pyrolysis technology is already well established, biochar sequestration and bio‐oil sequestration in soils, respectively biomaterials, do not present ecological hazards, and global scale‐up appears feasible within a time frame of 10–30 years. Thus, PyCCS could evolve into a decisive tool for global carbon governance, serving climate change mitigation and the sustainable development goals simultaneously.

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Other carbon sink applications for biochar include construction materials, wastewater treatment and electronics, as long as the product does not thermally degrade or oxidize throughout its life cycle.
“Besides soil, Schmidt et al. introduced other carbon sink applications for biochar which include construction materials, wastewater treatment and electronics, as long as the product does not thermally degrade or oxidize throughout its life cycle (Schmidt et al. 2019).”
From Strategies for mitigation of climate change: a review (2020) · cites this paper as Schmidt et al. 2019

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Self-citation

Authors: Schmidt, H., Anca‐Couce, A., Hagemann, N., Werner, C., Gerten, D., Lucht, W., & Kammann, C.
Affiliations: Ithaka Institute for Carbon Strategies (CH)
Graz University of Technology (AT)
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (DE)
Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin (DE)
Hochschule Geisenheim University (DE)
Corresponding author: Schmidt, Hans‐Peter
ORCID: Schmidt, Hans‐Peter
Anca‐Couce, Andrés
Hagemann, Nikolas
Werner, Constanze
Gerten, Dieter
Lucht, Wolfgang
Kammann, Claudia
Venue: GCB Bioenergy
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2018-09-23
Volume: 11
Issue: 4
Pages: 573-591
ISSN: 1757-1693 (ISSN-L)
1757-1707
DOI: 10.1111/gcbb.12553
OpenAlex: W2886222268
Cited by: 186
References: 169
Citations by year: 2026: 22 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 1
FWCI: 5.09
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: gold
doi.org
Licence: cc-by
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (vor)
Locations: GCB Bioenergy (publishedVersion, cc-by)
RENATE (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Publication Database PIK (Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
RENATE (cc-by)
Funders: Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (01LS1620A, 01LS1620B)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
Keywords: biochar, bio-oil, pyrolysis, carbon sequestration, carbon dioxide removal, soil carbon sequestration, bio-based materials, carbon dioxide oxidation, carbon tax, climate change mitigation, carbon governance

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