Drivers of age‐related inflammation and strategies for healthspan extension
Open accessAbstract
Summary: Aging is the greatest risk factor for the development of chronic diseases such as arthritis, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, Alzheimer's disease, macular degeneration, frailty, and certain forms of cancers. It is widely regarded that chronic inflammation may be a common link in all these age‐related diseases. This raises the question, can one alter the course of aging and potentially slow the development of all chronic diseases by manipulating the mechanisms that cause age‐related inflammation? Emerging evidence suggests that pro‐inflammatory cytokines interleukin‐1 (IL‐1) and IL‐18 show an age‐dependent regulation implicating inflammasome‐mediated caspase‐1 activation in the aging process. The Nod‐like receptor (NLR) family of innate immune cell sensors, such as the nucleotide‐binding domain, leucine‐rich‐containing family, pyrin domain‐containing‐3 (NLRP 3) inflammasome controls the caspase‐1 activation in myeloid‐lineage cells in several organs during aging. The NLRP 3 inflammasome is especially relevant to aging as it can get activated in response to structurally diverse damage‐associated molecular patterns (DAMP s) such as extracellular ATP, excess glucose, ceramides, amyloids, urate, and cholesterol crystals, all of which increase with age. Interestingly, reduction in NLRP 3‐mediated inflammation prevents age‐related insulin resistance, bone loss, cognitive decline, and frailty. NLRP 3 is a major driver of age‐related inflammation and therefore dietary or pharmacological approaches to lower aberrant inflammasome activation holds promise in reducing multiple chronic diseases of age and may enhance healthspan.
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Monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages are predominant producers of SASP factors such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF, and HMGB1.
“Studies have shown that immune cells, including monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages, are the predominant producers of SASP factors such as IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF and HMGB1 (refs. 75–78).”
From SenNet recommendations for detecting senescent cells in different tissues (2024) · cites this paper as [75]
The “Metabolic disease/T2D” section (page not supplied) credits inflammatory M1 macrophages with increased TNFα, IL-6, and IL-1β in obesity. The “Age-related diseases and inflammation” section says macrophages are major responders to danger signals in aged tissues, but does not establish that monocytes and tissue-resident macrophages are the predominant producers of SASP factors generally, or identify them as producers of IL-1α and HMGB1. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredChronic systemic inflammation is associated with aging, is low-grade and persistent, and ultimately causes collateral damage to tissues and organs.
“This type of inflammation is associated with aging and is characterized by being low-grade and persistent, ultimately leading to collateral damage to tissues and organs1,17.”
From An inflammatory aging clock (iAge) based on deep learning tracks multimorbidity, immunosenescence, frailty and cardiovascular aging (2021) · cites this paper as [17]
Chronic serum hyperuricemia positively correlates with inflammation, DNA damage and OS, and has been implicated in pathogenesis of several disorders, including renal, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases.
“Accordingly, chronic serum hyperuricemia positively correlates with inflammation, DNA damage and OS, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several disorders, including renal, metabolic, and cardiovascular diseases [214,217,218].”
From The Role of Antioxidants in the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Senescence (2022) · cites this paper as [218]
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Chronic caloric restriction partially protects against age-related alteration in serum metabolome
Guzman, J. M. D., Ku, G., Fahey, R., Youm, Y., Kass, I. J., Ingram, D. K., Dixit, V. D., & Kheterpal, I. (2012) · AGE · doi:10.1007/s11357-012-9430-x · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Self-citationD-beta-Hydroxybutyrate Extends Lifespan in
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Inflammasome Activation by Altered Proteostasis
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Recent Advances: Osteoporosis in the “Oldest Old”
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Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
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“…protect against disease and death, inappropriate activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome can contribute to the onset and progression of various diseases, particularly age-related diseases such as metabolic disorders and metabolic syndrome (Franceschi et al., 2000; Goldberg and Dixit, 2015).”
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Ketogenic Diet Reduces Midlife Mortality and Improves Memory in Aging Mice
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“75–78).”
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“The implications of aging, as a major risk factor for various chronic diseases ( Goldberg & Dixit, 2015 ), highlight the urgent need for innovative medical interventions and healthcare models.”
Background
- Authors
- Goldberg, E. L., & Dixit, V. D.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Dixit, Vishwa Deep
- Venue
- Immunological Reviews
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2015-04-16
- Volume
- 265
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 63-74
- ISSN
- 0105-2896 (ISSN-L)
- 1600-065X
- PMC
- PMC4400872
- OpenAlex
- W1995481571
- Cited by
- 274
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 31 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 2.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Immunological Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NIH (AI105097, AG043608, DK090556, AG045712)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Inflammasome and immune disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Aging › Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune Response and Inflammation
- Keywords
- age-related inflammation, healthspan extension, NLRP3 inflammasome, caspase-1 activation, interleukin-1, IL-18, damage-associated molecular patterns, myeloid cells, insulin resistance, bone loss, cognitive decline, frailty
- MeSH terms
- NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein, Aging, Animals, Carrier Proteins, Humans, Inflammation, Interleukin-1, Caspase 1, Myeloid Cells
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