Cited by 197Neural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesCognitive Abilities and TestingDevelopmental and Educational Neuropsychology

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Switching between spatial stimulus–response mappings: a developmental study of cognitive flexibility

Crone, Eveline A., Richard Ridderinkhof, K., Worm, Mijkje, Somsen, Riek J.M., Van Der Molen, Maurits W.·2004·Developmental Science

DOI 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00365.x

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Abstract

Four different age groups (8-9-year-olds, 11-12-year-olds, 13-15-year-olds and young adults) performed a spatial rule-switch task in which the sorting rule had to be detected on the basis of feedback or on the basis of switch cues. Performance errors were examined on the basis of a recently introduced method of error scoring for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST; Barcelo & Knight, 2002). This method allowed us to differentiate between errors due to failure-to-maintain-set (distraction errors) and errors due to failure-to-switch-set (perseverative errors). The anticipated age differences in performance errors were most pronounced for perseverative errors between 8-9 years and 11-12 years, but for distraction errors adult levels were not reached until 13-15 years. These findings were interpreted to support the notion that set switching and set maintenance follow distinct developmental trajectories.

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“…either be determined by external cues, explicitly indicating the next task from trial to trial (cued variant of the task-switching paradigm, e.g., Crone et al., 2004); or the sequence can be prespecified, which means that the participants have to switch the task on every second trial…”
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Authors: Crone, E. A., Richard Ridderinkhof, K., Worm, M., Somsen, R. J. M., & Van Der Molen, M. W.
Affiliations: University of Amsterdam (NL)
Corresponding author: Crone, Eveline A.
ORCID: Crone, Eveline A.
Worm, Mijkje
Venue: Developmental Science
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2004-08-16
Volume: 7
Issue: 4
Pages: 443-455
ISSN: 1363-755X (ISSN-L)
1467-7687
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7687.2004.00365.x
OpenAlex: W2135167454
Cited by: 197
References: 63
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 8 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 4.56
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: Developmental Science (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (submittedVersion)
Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Keywords: cognitive flexibility, set switching, set maintenance, perseverative errors, developmental trajectories, children, adolescents, young adults
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Attention, Child, Child Development, Psychology, Child, Cognition, Discrimination Learning, Female, Humans, Male, Psychological Tests

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Switching between spatial stimulus–response mappings: a developmental study of cognitive flexibility

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