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Glial cells in (patho)physiology
Open accessAbstract
Neuroglial cells define brain homeostasis and mount defense against pathological insults. Astroglia regulate neurogenesis and development of brain circuits. In the adult brain, astrocytes enter into intimate dynamic relationship with neurons, especially at synaptic sites where they functionally form the tripartite synapse. At these sites, astrocytes regulate ion and neurotransmitter homeostasis, metabolically support neurons and monitor synaptic activity; one of the readouts of the latter manifests in astrocytic intracellular Ca(2+) signals. This form of astrocytic excitability can lead to release of chemical transmitters via Ca(2+) -dependent exocytosis. Once in the extracellular space, gliotransmitters can modulate synaptic plasticity and cause changes in behavior. Besides these physiological tasks, astrocytes are fundamental for progression and outcome of neurological diseases. In Alzheimer's disease, for example, astrocytes may contribute to the etiology of this disorder. Highly lethal glial-derived tumors use signaling trickery to coerce normal brain cells to assist tumor invasiveness. This review not only sheds new light on the brain operation in health and disease, but also points to many unknowns.
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“This inflammation not only occurs in response to Aβ deposition, but is also capable of generating, via feedback mechanisms, more Aβ while weakening the mechanisms responsible for its elimination (Parpura et al., 2012).”
From The role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson, and glaucoma. (2017) · cites this paper as Parpura et al., 2012
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“It has been reported that in the later stages of AD, there is destruction of axons, dendrites, and synapses, in which microglia has a relevant role (Parpura et al., 2012).”
From The role of microglia in retinal neurodegeneration: Alzheimer’s disease, parkinson, and glaucoma. (2017) · cites this paper as Parpura et al., 2012
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Metadata
- Authors
- Parpura, V., Heneka, M. T., Montana, V., Oliet, S. H. R., Schousboe, A., Haydon, P. G., Stout, R. F., Spray, D. C., Reichenbach, A., Pannicke, T., Pekny, M., Pekna, M., Zorec, R., & Verkhratsky, A.
- Affiliations
- Ikerbasque (ES)
- University of Bonn (DE)
- University of Alabama (US)
- Université de Bordeaux (FR)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- Tufts University (US)
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine (US)
- Leipzig University (DE)
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
- University of Ljubljana (SI)
- Corresponding author
- Parpura, Vladimir
- Verkhratsky, Alexei
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Neurochemistry
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2012-02-02
- Volume
- 121
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 4-27
- ISSN
- 0022-3042 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-4159
- PMC
- PMC3304021
- OpenAlex
- W1549972124
- Cited by
- 561
- References
- 223
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 38 · 2017: 37 · 2016: 48 · 2015: 67 · 2014: 76 · 2013: 59 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 7.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Neurochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Research at the University of Copenhagen (University of Copenhagen) (submittedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0943343)
- Judith Jane Mason and Harold Stannett Williams Memorial Foundation
- Alzheimer's Research Trust (ART/PG2004A/1)
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (GRK 1097)
- Grantová Agentura České Republiky (GACR 305/08/1381)
- Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS (P3-310)
- International Society for Neurochemistry
- Medical Research Council
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R01DA025967, DA025967)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-037585, R01NS037585, R37NS037585)
- Division of Chemical, Bioengineering, Environmental, and Transport Systems
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Keywords
- astrocytes, glial cells, tripartite synapse, astrocyte calcium signaling, gliotransmitters, synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, brain homeostasis, Alzheimer's disease, glioma, tumor invasion, astrocyte-neuron interaction, neurotransmitter homeostasis
- MeSH terms
- Alzheimer Disease, Animals, Humans, Synaptic Transmission, Neuroglia, Neurons
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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