Cited by 522Neurological Disease Mechanisms and TreatmentsBarrier Structure and Function StudiesCerebrovascular and genetic disorders

Functional vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: mechanisms and consequences of cerebral autoregulatory dysfunction, endothelial impairment, and neurovascular uncoupling in aging

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Toth, Peter, Tarantini, Stefano, Csiszar, Anna, Ungvari, Zoltan·2017·American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

Abstract

Increasing evidence from epidemiological, clinical and experimental studies indicate that age-related cerebromicrovascular dysfunction and microcirculatory damage play critical roles in the pathogenesis of many types of dementia in the elderly, including Alzheimer’s disease. Understanding and targeting the age-related pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) are expected to have a major role in preserving brain health in older individuals. Maintenance of cerebral perfusion, protecting the microcirculation from high pressure-induced damage and moment-to-moment adjustment of regional oxygen and nutrient supply to changes in demand are prerequisites for the prevention of cerebral ischemia and neuronal dysfunction. This overview discusses age-related alterations in three main regulatory paradigms involved in the regulation of cerebral blood flow (CBF): cerebral autoregulation/myogenic constriction, endothelium-dependent vasomotor function, and neurovascular coupling responses responsible for functional hyperemia. The pathophysiological consequences of cerebral microvascular dysregulation in aging are explored, including blood-brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, exacerbation of neurodegeneration, development of cerebral microhemorrhages, microvascular rarefaction, and ischemic neuronal dysfunction and damage. Due to the widespread attention that VCID has captured in recent years, the evidence for the causal role of cerebral microvascular dysregulation in cognitive decline is critically examined.

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Crossref · 10.1152/ajpheart.00581.2016

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  • Microvascular endothelial aging disrupts the blood-brain barrier, which promotes neuroinflammation and exacerbates cognitive decline.

    “In addition, microvascular endothelial aging also disrupts the blood-brain barrier, which promotes neuroinflammation, exacerbating cognitive decline”

    From Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies senescent cerebromicrovascular endothelial cells in the aged mouse brain (2020) · cites this paper as Toth et al. 2017

    The Aging-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction section links age-related endothelial dysfunction to effects on the blood-brain barrier, while the Downstream Consequences section links barrier disruption to neuroinflammation and cognitive decline. However, the paper develops that latter pathway chiefly in the context of age-related autoregulatory dysfunction and hypertension; it does not explicitly attribute the full chain to endothelial aging alone. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)

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Authors
Toth, P., Tarantini, S., Csiszar, A., & Ungvari, Z.
Affiliations
  • Department of Geriatric Medicine, Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma;
  • University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (US)
  • University of Szeged (HU)
Corresponding author
Ungvari, Zoltan
Venue
American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology
Published
2017-01-01
Volume
312
Issue
1
Pages
H1-H20
ISSN
  • 0363-6135 (ISSN-L)
  • 1522-1539
OpenAlex
W2543174917
Cited by
522
References
315
Citations by year
2026: 41 · 2025: 65 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 56 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 65 · 2019: 53 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 26
FWCI
3.51
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • HHS | NIH | National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM) (R01-AT006526)
  • HHS | NIH | National Institute on Aging (U.S. National Institute on Aging) (R01-AG047879, R01-AG038747)
  • HHS | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) (R01-NS056218)
  • American Heart Association (AHA)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neurological Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Cerebrovascular and genetic disorders
Keywords
cerebral autoregulation, myogenic constriction, endothelial dysfunction, neurovascular uncoupling, cerebral microvascular dysfunction, aging, Alzheimer's disease, blood-brain barrier disruption, neuroinflammation, cerebral microhemorrhages, microvascular rarefaction, cerebral ischemia, functional hyperemia, cognitive decline
MeSH terms
Neurovascular Coupling, Aging, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Dementia, Endothelium, Vascular, Homeostasis, Humans, Microcirculation, Cognitive Dysfunction

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