CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 589Mesenchymal stem cell researchCancer Cells and MetastasisHair Growth and Disorders

Plasticity of epithelial stem cells in tissue regeneration

Open access
Blanpain, Cédric, Fuchs, Elaine·2014·Science
DOI 10.1126/science.1242281PMC PMC4523269
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The versatility of epithelial stem cells: Stem cells are very important in the maintenance of our bodies' tissues and organs. Blanpain and Fuchs review how different populations of naturally lineage-restricted epithelial stem cells and committed progenitors can also display remarkable plasticity. These cells can reacquire long-term self-renewing capacities and multilineage differentiation potential during physiological and regenerative conditions. These abilities depend on whether the stem cell remains within its resident niche or has been mobilized to repair a wound. Such cellular plasticity has implications for regenerative medicine and for cancer. Science , this issue p. 10.1126/science.1242281

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1126/science.1242281

Cites

9 of 9 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

  • The SG has been proposed to be replenished by distinct pools of stem cells or progenitors located in the HF or base of the SG.

    “The SG has been proposed to be replenished by distinct pools of stem cells or progenitors located in the HF or base of the SG3–7.”

    From Blimp1+ cells generate functional mouse sebaceous gland organoids in vitro (2019) · cites this paper as [7]

    The HF homeostasis section (page not provided) says that sebaceous glands are maintained by distinct stem cells in the noncycling hair-follicle segment and that these cells arise from Blimp1-expressing progenitors. It does not locate a replenishing pool specifically at the base of the sebaceous gland. (LLM, conf=0.83)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Several studies have suggested an unanticipated level of cellular plasticity within epidermal keratinocytes, resulting in cell-fate flexibility during wound repair.

    “Several studies have suggested an unanticipated level of cellular plasticity within epidermal keratinocytes, resulting in cell‐fate flexibility during wound repair.[ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]”

    From Sweat Gland Organoids Originating from Reprogrammed Epidermal Keratinocytes Functionally Recapitulated Damaged Skin (2021) · cites this paper as [9]

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 91

  1. [1]Blanpain C Simons BD Unravelling stem cell dynamics by lineage tracing Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 14 489 502 2013 10.1038/nrm3625 23860235 · DOI
  2. [2]Morrison SJ Spradling AC Stem cells and niches: mechanisms that promote stem cell maintenance throughout life Cell 132 598 611 2008 10.1016/j.cell.2008.01.038 18295578 PMC4505728 · DOI
  3. [3]Clevers H The intestinal crypt, a prototype stem cell compartment Cell 154 274 284 2013 10.1016/j.cell.2013.07.004 23870119 · DOI · Paper page
  4. [4]Rheinwald JG Green H Serial cultivation of strains of human epidermal keratinocytes: the formation of keratinizing colonies from single cells Cell 6 331 343 1975 10.1016/S0092-8674(75)80001-8 1052771 · DOI
  5. [5]Gallico GG 3rd O’Connor NE Compton CC Kehinde O Green H Permanent coverage of large burn wounds with autologous cultured human epithelium N Engl J Med 311 448 451 1984 10.1056/NEJM198408163110706 6379456 · DOI
  6. [8]Tumbar T Defining the epithelial stem cell niche in skin Science 303 359 363 2004 10.1126/science.1092436 14671312 PMC2405920 · DOI · Paper page
  7. [9]Morris RJ Capturing and profiling adult hair follicle stem cells Nat Biotechnol 22 411 417 2004 10.1038/nbt950 15024388 · DOI · Paper page
  8. [10]Levy V Lindon C Harfe BD Morgan BA Distinct stem cell populations regenerate the follicle and interfollicular epidermis Dev Cell 9 855 861 2005 10.1016/j.devcel.2005.11.003 16326396 · DOI
  9. [11]Zhang YV Cheong J Ciapurin N McDermitt DJ Tumbar T Distinct self-renewal and differentiation phases in the niche of infrequently dividing hair follicle stem cells Cell Stem Cell 5 267 278 2009 10.1016/j.stem.2009.06.004 19664980 PMC2756832 · DOI
  10. [12]Hsu YC Pasolli HA Fuchs E Dynamics between stem cells, niche, and progeny in the hair follicle Cell 144 92 105 2011 10.1016/j.cell.2010.11.049 21215372 PMC3050564 · DOI
  11. [13]Greco V A two-step mechanism for stem cell activation during hair regeneration Cell Stem Cell 4 155 169 2009 10.1016/j.stem.2008.12.009 19200804 PMC2668200 · DOI · Paper page
  12. [14]Rompolas P Live imaging of stem cell and progeny behaviour in physiological hair-follicle regeneration Nature 487 496 499 2012 10.1038/nature11218 22763436 PMC3772651 · DOI
  13. [15]Hsu YC Li L Fuchs E Transit-amplifying cells orchestrate stem cell activity and tissue regeneration Cell 157 935 949 2014 10.1016/j.cell.2014.02.057 24813615 PMC4041217 · DOI
  14. [16]Rompolas P Mesa KR Greco V Spatial organization within a niche as a determinant of stem-cell fate Nature 502 513 518 2013 10.1038/nature12602 24097351 PMC3895444 · DOI
  15. [17]Horsley V Blimp1 defines a progenitor population that governs cellular input to the sebaceous gland Cell 126 597 609 2006 10.1016/j.cell.2006.06.048 16901790 PMC2424190 · DOI · Paper page
  16. [18]Snippert HJ Lgr6 marks stem cells in the hair follicle that generate all cell lineages of the skin Science 327 1385 1389 2010 10.1126/science.1184733 20223988 · DOI · Paper page
  17. [19]Page ME Lombard P Ng F Göttgens B Jensen KB The epidermis comprises autonomous compartments maintained by distinct stem cell populations Cell Stem Cell 13 471 482 2013 10.1016/j.stem.2013.07.010 23954751 PMC3793873 · DOI · Paper page
  18. [20]Brownell I Guevara E Bai CB Loomis CA Joyner AL Nerve-derived sonic hedgehog defines a niche for hair follicle stem cells capable of becoming epidermal stem cells Cell Stem Cell 8 552 565 2011 10.1016/j.stem.2011.02.021 21549329 PMC3089905 · DOI
  19. [21]Ito M Stem cells in the hair follicle bulge contribute to wound repair but not to homeostasis of the epidermis Nat Med 11 1351 1354 2005 10.1038/nm1328 16288281 · DOI
  20. [22]Jaks V Lgr5 marks cycling, yet long-lived, hair follicle stem cells Nat Genet 40 1291 1299 2008 10.1038/ng.239 18849992 · DOI · Paper page
  21. [23]Youssef KK Identification of the cell lineage at the origin of basal cell carcinoma Nat Cell Biol 12 299 305 2010 20154679
  22. [24]Marianes A Spradling AC Physiological and stem cell compartmentalization within the Drosophila midgut eLife 2 e00886 2013 10.7554/eLife.00886 23991285 PMC3755342 · DOI
  23. [26]Mascré G Distinct contribution of stem and progenitor cells to epidermal maintenance Nature 489 257 262 2012 10.1038/nature11393 22940863 · DOI
  24. [28]Doupé DP Klein AM Simons BD Jones PH The ordered architecture of murine ear epidermis is maintained by progenitor cells with random fate Dev Cell 18 317 323 2010 10.1016/j.devcel.2009.12.016 20159601 · DOI
  25. [29]Lim X Interfollicular epidermal stem cells self-renew via autocrine Wnt signaling Science 342 1226 1230 2013 10.1126/science.1239730 24311688 PMC4081860 · DOI
  26. [30]Jones PH Watt FM Separation of human epidermal stem cells from transit amplifying cells on the basis of differences in integrin function and expression Cell 73 713 724 1993 10.1016/0092-8674(93)90251-K 8500165 · DOI
  27. [31]Rangarajan A Notch signaling is a direct determinant of keratinocyte growth arrest and entry into differentiation EMBO J 20 3427 3436 2001 10.1093/emboj/20.13.3427 11432830 PMC125257 · DOI
  28. [32]Blanpain C Lowry WE Pasolli HA Fuchs E Canonical notch signaling functions as a commitment switch in the epidermal lineage Genes Dev 20 3022 3035 2006 10.1101/gad.1477606 17079689 PMC1620020 · DOI
  29. [33]Moriyama M Multiple roles of Notch signaling in the regulation of epidermal development Dev Cell 14 594 604 2008 10.1016/j.devcel.2008.01.017 18410734 · DOI
  30. [35]Cheng H Leblond CP Origin, differentiation and renewal of the four main epithelial cell types in the mouse small intestine. I. Columnar cell Am J Anat 141 461 479 1974 10.1002/aja.1001410403 4440632 · DOI
  31. [36]Potten CS Hume WJ Reid P Cairns J The segregation of DNA in epithelial stem cells Cell 15 899 906 1978 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90274-X 728994 · DOI
  32. [37]Merritt AJ The role of p53 in spontaneous and radiation-induced apoptosis in the gastrointestinal tract of normal and p53-deficient mice Cancer Res 54 614 617 1994 8306319
  33. [38]Barker N Identification of stem cells in small intestine and colon by marker gene Lgr5 Nature 449 1003 1007 2007 10.1038/nature06196 17934449 · DOI · Paper page
  34. [39]Sangiorgi E Capecchi MR Bmi1 is expressed in vivo in intestinal stem cells Nat Genet 40 915 920 2008 10.1038/ng.165 18536716 PMC2906135 · DOI
  35. [40]Montgomery RK Mouse telomerase reverse transcriptase (mTert) expression marks slowly cycling intestinal stem cells Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108 179 184 2011 10.1073/pnas.1013004108 21173232 PMC3017192 · DOI
  36. [41]Takeda N Interconversion between intestinal stem cell populations in distinct niches Science 334 1420 1424 2011 10.1126/science.1213214 22075725 PMC3705713 · DOI · Paper page
  37. [42]Ritsma L Intestinal crypt homeostasis revealed at single-stem-cell level by in vivo live imaging Nature 507 362 365 2014 10.1038/nature12972 24531760 PMC3964820 · DOI
  38. [43]Tian H A reserve stem cell population in small intestine renders Lgr5-positive cells dispensable Nature 478 255 259 2011 10.1038/nature10408 21927002 PMC4251967 · DOI
  39. [45]Ponder BA Derivation of mouse intestinal crypts from single progenitor cells Nature 313 689 691 1985 10.1038/313689a0 3974703 · DOI
  40. [46]Griffiths DF Davies SJ Williams D Williams GT Williams ED Demonstration of somatic mutation and colonic crypt clonality by X-linked enzyme histochemistry Nature 333 461 463 1988 10.1038/333461a0 3374587 · DOI
  41. [47]Winton DJ Blount MA Ponder BA A clonal marker induced by mutation in mouse intestinal epithelium Nature 333 463 466 1988 10.1038/333463a0 3163778 · DOI
  42. [48]Lopez-Garcia C Klein AM Simons BD Winton DJ Intestinal stem cell replacement follows a pattern of neutral drift Science 330 822 825 2010 10.1126/science.1196236 20929733 · DOI
  43. [49]Snippert HJ Intestinal crypt homeostasis results from neutral competition between symmetrically dividing Lgr5 stem cells Cell 143 134 144 2010 10.1016/j.cell.2010.09.016 20887898 · DOI · Paper page
  44. [51]Kim TH Broadly permissive intestinal chromatin underlies lateral inhibition and cell plasticity Nature 506 511 515 2014 10.1038/nature12903 24413398 PMC4151315 · DOI · Paper page
  45. [54]van Amerongen R Bowman AN Nusse R Developmental stage and time dictate the fate of Wnt/β-catenin-responsive stem cells in the mammary gland Cell Stem Cell 11 387 400 2012 10.1016/j.stem.2012.05.023 22863533 PMC13155203 · DOI
  46. [55]Rios AC Fu NY Lindeman GJ Visvader JE In situ identification of bipotent stem cells in the mammary gland Nature 506 322 327 2014 10.1038/nature12948 24463516 · DOI
  47. [56]Choi N Zhang B Zhang L Ittmann M Xin L Adult murine prostate basal and luminal cells are self-sustained lineages that can both serve as targets for prostate cancer initiation Cancer Cell 21 253 265 2012 10.1016/j.ccr.2012.01.005 22340597 PMC3285423 · DOI
  48. [57]Wang X A luminal epithelial stem cell that is a cell of origin for prostate cancer Nature 461 495 500 2009 10.1038/nature08361 19741607 PMC2800362 · DOI
  49. [58]Wang ZA Lineage analysis of basal epithelial cells reveals their unexpected plasticity and supports a cell-of-origin model for prostate cancer heterogeneity Nat Cell Biol 15 274 283 2013 10.1038/ncb2697 23434823 PMC3743266 · DOI
  50. [59]Šale S Lafkas D Artavanis-Tsakonas S Notch2 genetic fate mapping reveals two previously unrecognized mammary epithelial lineages Nat Cell Biol 15 451 460 2013 10.1038/ncb2725 23604318 PMC4369920 · DOI
  51. [60]Lafkas D Notch3 marks clonogenic mammary luminal progenitor cells in vivo J Cell Biol 203 47 56 2013 10.1083/jcb.201307046 24100291 PMC3798243 · DOI
  52. [61]Ousset M Multipotent and unipotent progenitors contribute to prostate postnatal development Nat Cell Biol 14 1131 1138 2012 10.1038/ncb2600 23064263 · DOI · Paper page
  53. [62]Doupé DP A single progenitor population switches behavior to maintain and repair esophageal epithelium Science 337 1091 1093 2012 10.1126/science.1218835 22821983 PMC3527005 · DOI
  54. [63]Levy V Lindon C Zheng Y Harfe BD Morgan BA Epidermal stem cells arise from the hair follicle after wounding FASEB J 21 1358 1366 2007 10.1096/fj.06-6926com 17255473 · DOI
  55. [64]Nowak JA Polak L Pasolli HA Fuchs E Hair follicle stem cells are specified and function in early skin morphogenesis Cell Stem Cell 3 33 43 2008 10.1016/j.stem.2008.05.009 18593557 PMC2877596 · DOI · Paper page
  56. [65]Kai T Spradling A An empty Drosophila stem cell niche reactivates the proliferation of ectopic cells Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100 4633 4638 2003 10.1073/pnas.0830856100 12676994 PMC153607 · DOI
  57. [66]Kai T Spradling A Differentiating germ cells can revert into functional stem cells in Drosophila melanogaster ovaries Nature 428 564 569 2004 10.1038/nature02436 15024390 · DOI
  58. [67]Ito M Kizawa K Hamada K Cotsarelis G Hair follicle stem cells in the lower bulge form the secondary germ, a biochemically distinct but functionally equivalent progenitor cell population, at the termination of catagen Differentiation 72 548 557 2004 10.1111/j.1432-0436.2004.07209008.x 15617565 · DOI
  59. [68]Oshima H Rochat A Kedzia C Kobayashi K Barrandon Y Morphogenesis and renewal of hair follicles from adult multipotent stem cells Cell 104 233 245 2001 10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00208-2 11207364 · DOI
  60. [69]Blanpain C Lowry WE Geoghegan A Polak L Fuchs E Self-renewal, multipotency, and the existence of two cell populations within an epithelial stem cell niche Cell 118 635 648 2004 10.1016/j.cell.2004.08.012 15339667 · DOI · Paper page
  61. [70]Claudinot S Nicolas M Oshima H Rochat A Barrandon Y Long-term renewal of hair follicles from clonogenic multipotent stem cells Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102 14677 14682 2005 10.1073/pnas.0507250102 16203973 PMC1253596 · DOI
  62. [71]Jensen UB A distinct population of clonogenic and multipotent murine follicular keratinocytes residing in the upper isthmus J Cell Sci 121 609 617 2008 10.1242/jcs.025502 18252795 PMC2963074 · DOI
  63. [72]Nijhof JG The cell-surface marker MTS24 identifies a novel population of follicular keratinocytes with characteristics of progenitor cells Development 133 3027 3037 2006 10.1242/dev.02443 16818453 · DOI
  64. [73]Shackleton M Generation of a functional mammary gland from a single stem cell Nature 439 84 88 2006 10.1038/nature04372 16397499 · DOI · Paper page
  65. [74]Stingl J Purification and unique properties of mammary epithelial stem cells Nature 439 993 997 2006 16395311
  66. [75]Goldstein AS Trop2 identifies a subpopulation of murine and human prostate basal cells with stem cell characteristics Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105 20882 20887 2008 10.1073/pnas.0811411106 19088204 PMC2603432 · DOI
  67. [76]Xin L Lukacs RU Lawson DA Cheng D Witte ON Self-renewal and multilineage differentiation in vitro from murine prostate stem cells Stem Cells 25 2760 2769 2007 10.1634/stemcells.2007-0355 17641240 · DOI
  68. [77]Bonfanti P Microenvironmental reprogramming of thymic epithelial cells to skin multipotent stem cells Nature 466 978 982 2010 10.1038/nature09269 20725041 · DOI
  69. [78]Ito M Wnt-dependent de novo hair follicle regeneration in adult mouse skin after wounding Nature 447 316 320 2007 10.1038/nature05766 17507982 · DOI
  70. [79]Gat U DasGupta R Degenstein L Fuchs E De novo hair follicle morphogenesis and hair tumors in mice expressing a truncated beta-catenin in skin Cell 95 605 614 1998 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81631-1 9845363 · DOI · Paper page
  71. [80]Yang SH Pathological responses to oncogenic Hedgehog signaling in skin are dependent on canonical Wnt/beta3-catenin signaling Nat Genet 40 1130 1135 2008 10.1038/ng.192 19165927 PMC2688690 · DOI
  72. [81]Youssef KK Adult interfollicular tumour-initiating cells are reprogrammed into an embryonic hair follicle progenitor-like fate during basal cell carcinoma initiation Nat Cell Biol 14 1282 1294 2012 10.1038/ncb2628 23178882 · DOI
  73. [82]van Es JH Dll1+ secretory progenitor cells revert to stem cells upon crypt damage Nat Cell Biol 14 1099 1104 2012 10.1038/ncb2581 23000963 PMC3789123 · DOI
  74. [83]Metcalfe C Kljavin NM Ybarra R de Sauvage FJ Lgr5+ stem cells are indispensable for radiation-induced intestinal regeneration Cell Stem Cell 14 149 159 2014 10.1016/j.stem.2013.11.008 24332836 · DOI · Paper page
  75. [84]Rawlins EL The role of Scgb1a1+ Clara cells in the long-term maintenance and repair of lung airway, but not alveolar, epithelium Cell Stem Cell 4 525 534 2009 10.1016/j.stem.2009.04.002 19497281 PMC2730729 · DOI
  76. [85]Tata PR Dedifferentiation of committed epithelial cells into stem cells in vivo Nature 503 218 223 2013 24196716 PMC4035230
  77. [86]Stange DE Differentiated Troy+ chief cells act as reserve stem cells to generate all lineages of the stomach epithelium Cell 155 357 368 2013 10.1016/j.cell.2013.09.008 24120136 PMC4094146 · DOI
  78. [87]Barker N Bartfeld S Clevers H Tissue-resident adult stem cell populations of rapidly self-renewing organs Cell Stem Cell 7 656 670 2010 10.1016/j.stem.2010.11.016 21112561 · DOI
  79. [88]Arnold K Sox2+ adult stem and progenitor cells are important for tissue regeneration and survival of mice Cell Stem Cell 9 317 329 2011 10.1016/j.stem.2011.09.001 21982232 PMC3538360 · DOI
  80. [89]Duncan AW Dorrell C Grompe M Stem cells and liver regeneration Gastroenterology 137 466 481 2009 10.1053/j.gastro.2009.05.044 19470389 PMC3136245 · DOI
  81. [90]Dor Y Brown J Martinez OI Melton DA Adult pancreatic beta-cells are formed by self-duplication rather than stem-cell differentiation Nature 429 41 46 2004 10.1038/nature02520 15129273 · DOI · Paper page
  82. [91]Huch M In vitro expansion of single Lgr5+ liver stem cells induced by Wnt-driven regeneration Nature 494 247 250 2013 10.1038/nature11826 23354049 PMC3634804 · DOI · Paper page
  83. [92]Bailleul B Skin hyperkeratosis and papilloma formation in transgenic mice expressing a ras oncogene from a suprabasal keratin promoter Cell 62 697 708 1990 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90115-U 1696852 · DOI
  84. [93]Molyneux G BRCA1 basal-like breast cancers originate from luminal epithelial progenitors and not from basal stem cells Cell Stem Cell 7 403 417 2010 10.1016/j.stem.2010.07.010 20804975 · DOI
  85. [94]Barker N Crypt stem cells as the cells-of-origin of intestinal cancer Nature 457 608 611 2009 10.1038/nature07602 19092804 · DOI
  86. [95]Zhu L Prominin 1 marks intestinal stem cells that are susceptible to neoplastic transformation Nature 457 603 607 2009 10.1038/nature07589 19092805 PMC2633030 · DOI
  87. [96]Schwitalla S Intestinal tumorigenesis initiated by dedifferentiation and acquisition of stem-cell-like properties Cell 152 25 38 2013 10.1016/j.cell.2012.12.012 23273993 · DOI
  88. [97]Quintana E Phenotypic heterogeneity among tumorigenic melanoma cells from patients that is reversible and not hierarchically organized Cancer Cell 18 510 523 2010 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.10.012 21075313 PMC3031091 · DOI
  89. [98]Schober M Fuchs E Tumor-initiating stem cells of squamous cell carcinomas and their control by TGF-β and integrin/focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108 10544 10549 2011 10.1073/pnas.1107807108 21670270 PMC3127891 · DOI
  90. [99]Lapouge G Skin squamous cell carcinoma propagating cells increase with tumour progression and invasiveness EMBO J 31 4563 4575 2012 10.1038/emboj.2012.312 23188079 PMC3545290 · DOI
  91. [100]Chaffer CL Poised chromatin at the ZEB1 promoter enables breast cancer cell plasticity and enhances tumorigenicity Cell 154 61 74 2013 10.1016/j.cell.2013.06.005 23827675 PMC4015106 · DOI

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Blanpain, C., & Fuchs, E.
Affiliations
  • Université Libre de Bruxelles (BE)
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
Corresponding author
  • Blanpain, Cédric
  • Fuchs, Elaine
ORCID
Venue
Science
Publisher
American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
Published
2014-06-13
Volume
344
Issue
6189
Pages
1242281-1242281
ISSN
  • 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
  • 1095-9203
DOI
10.1126/science.1242281
PMC
PMC4523269
OpenAlex
W2098432933
Cited by
589
References
9
Citations by year
2026: 32 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 39 · 2023: 50 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 62 · 2020: 48 · 2019: 44 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 45 · 2016: 56 · 2015: 60 · 2014: 13
FWCI
8.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Science (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Dépôt institutionnel de l'Université libre de Bruxelles (Université Libre de Bruxelles) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Howard Hughes Medical Institute
  • Walloon excellence in life sciences and biotechnology
  • National Institutes of Health (2r01ar050452-21)
  • National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR031737, R01-AR050452)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Genetics › Mesenchymal stem cell research
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cancer Cells and Metastasis
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Urology › Hair Growth and Disorders
Keywords
epithelial stem cells, cellular plasticity, tissue regeneration, stem cell niche, multilineage differentiation, self-renewal, wound healing, tissue morphogenesis, stem cell transplantation, regenerative medicine, cancer
MeSH terms
Animals, Epithelial Cells, Epithelium, Humans, Regeneration, Stem Cells, Wound Healing, Cell Lineage, Regenerative Medicine, Cell Tracking, Carcinogenesis

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review