Cited by 771Physical Activity and HealthMotivation and Self-Concept in SportsCardiovascular and exercise physiology

Physical exercise and psychological well being: a critical review.

Open access
Scully, D, Kremer, J, Meade, M M, Graham, R, Dudgeon, K·1998·British Journal of Sports Medicine

Abstract

The relation between physical exercise and psychological health has increasingly come under the spotlight over recent years. While the message emanating from physiological research has extolled the general advantages of exercise in terms of physical health, the equivalent psychological literature has revealed a more complex relation. The paper outlines the research evidence, focusing on the relation between physical exercise and depression, anxiety, stress responsivity, mood state, self esteem, premenstrual syndrome, and body image. Consideration is also given to the phenomena of exercise addiction and withdrawal, and implications for exercise prescription are discussed.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1136/bjsm.32.2.111

Cites

118 of 118 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 13

  1. Turner-Warwick MH, Petecost BL, Jones JH. Medical aspects of exercise. J R Coll Physicians Lond 1991;25:193-6.
  2. Hardman AE, Blair SN. Physical activity, health, and well-being: a summary of the Consensus Conference. Res Q Exerc Sport 1995;66:ii.
  3. Sachs ML. Exercise and running: eVects on anxiety, depres- sion and psychology. Humanistic Education Development 1982;21:51-7.
  4. McDonald DG, Hodgdon JA. The psychological eVects of aerobic fitness training: research and theory. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1991.
  5. NicoloV G, Schwenk TL. Using exercise to ward oV depres- sion. Physician and Sportsmedicine 1995;23:44-58.
  6. Petruzzello SJ. Anxiety reduction following exercise: methodological artifactor 'real' phenomenon? Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 1995;17:105-11.
  7. Franks BD, Jette M. Manifest anxiety and physical fitness. National College of Physical Education Association for Men Annual Proceedings Chicago, 1970.
  8. McNair DM, Lorr M, Droppleman LF. Psychological eVects of acute physical activity. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1971;52:422-5.
  9. Shangold J. How I manage exercise amenorrhea. Physician and Sportsmedicine 1986;14:118-20.
  10. van Wersch A. Individual diVerences and intrinsic motiva- tions for sport participation. In: Kremer J, Trew K, Ogle S, eds. Young people's involvement in sport. London: Routledge, 1997:57-77.
  11. Cash TF, Deagle EA. The nature and extent of body-image disturbances in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa: a meta-analysis. Int J Eat Disord 1997;22:107-25.
  12. Arena B. Hormonal problems in young female athletes. Sports Exercise and Injury 1996;2:122-5.
  13. Morris M, Steinberg H, Sykes EA, et al. EVects of tempo- rary withdrawal from regular running. J Psychosom Res 1990;34:493-500. 116

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Scully, D., Kremer, J., Meade, M. M., Graham, R., & Dudgeon, K.
Affiliations
University of Ulster (GB)
Venue
British Journal of Sports Medicine
Publisher
BMJ
Published
1998-06
Volume
32
Issue
2
Pages
111-120
ISSN
  • 0306-3674 (ISSN-L)
  • 1473-0480
OpenAlex
W2161259339
Cited by
771
References
115
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 29 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 52 · 2019: 25 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 32 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 44 · 2012: 38
FWCI
1.76
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • British Journal of Sports Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Physical Activity and Health
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Complementary and alternative medicine › Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
Keywords
physical activity, psychological well-being, depression, anxiety, stress responsivity, mood states, self-esteem, premenstrual syndrome, body image, exercise addiction, exercise withdrawal, exercise prescription
MeSH terms
Affect, Anxiety, Depression, United Kingdom, Health Status, Humans, Mental Health, Self Concept, Stress, Physiological, Exercise

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review