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Bacillary dysentery as a causative factor of irritable bowel syndrome and its pathogenesis
Open accessAbstract
Background and aims: The incidence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or functional bowel disorders (FBD) after bacillary dysentery (BD) has not been extensively evaluated, and little is known of the pathogenesis of post-infective (PI) IBS. Therefore, we investigated the incidence of IBS and FBD in a Chinese patient population who had recovered from BD. To further elucidate its pathogenesis, neuroimmunological changes, including interleukins (IL), mast cells, neuropeptides, and the relationship between mast cells and intestinal nerves, were investigated. Methods: A cohort study of 295 patients who had recovered from BD (shigella identified from stool in 71.4%) and 243 control subjects consisting of patient siblings or spouses who had not been infected with BD were included in the study. All subjects were followed up using questionnaires for 1–2 years to explore the incidence of FBD and IBS, as defined by the Rome II criteria. In 56 cases of IBS (PI and non-PI) from another source, the number of mast cells in biopsy specimens from the intestinal mucosa were stained with antitryptase antibody and counted under light microscopy. Also, the relationship of mast cells to neurone specific enolase (NSE), substance P (SP), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), or calcitonin gene related peptide positive nerve fibres was observed using double staining with alcian blue and neuropeptide antibodies. In 30 cases of IBS (PI-IBS, n = 15) taken at random from the 56 cases, expression of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) mRNAs in intestinal mucosa were identified using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The above results were compared with 12 non-IBS controls. Results: In the BD infected cohort, the incidences of FBD and IBS were 22.4% and 8.1% (in total)–10.2% (among those in who shigella were identified) respectively, which were significantly higher (p<0.01) than the incidences of FBD (7.4%) and IBS (0.8%) in the control cohort. A longer duration of diarrhoea (⩾7 days) was associated with a higher risk of developing FBD (odds ratio 3.49 (95% confidence interval 1.71–7.13)). Expression of IL-1β mRNA in terminal ileum and rectosigmoid mucosa was significantly higher in PI-IBS patients (p<0.01). The number of mast cells in the terminal ileum mucosa in PI-IBS (11.19 (2.83)) and non-PI-IBS patients (10.78 (1.23)) was significantly increased compared with that (6.05 (0.51)) in control subjects (p<0.01). Also, in the terminal ileum and rectosigmoid mucosa of IBS patients, the density of NSE, SP, and 5-HT positively stained nerve fibres increased (p<0.05) and appeared in clusters, surrounding an increased number of mast cells (p<0.01 compared with controls). Conclusions: BD is a causative factor in PI-IBS. The immune and nervous system may both play important roles in the pathogenesis of PI-IBS.
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“Several studies have demonstrated increased concentrations of activated mast cells in patients with IBS compared with controls (11, 13, 24, 46, 89, 94, 121, 187).”
From Intestinal microbiota and immune function in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (2013) · cites this paper as [187]
In the citing paper
“Notably, some studies demonstrated an increase in activated mast cells in biopsies from specific regions of the GI tract (i.e., cecum and terminal ileum) but not from other regions (e.g., ascending colon, descending colon, rectum) (89, 121, 187), whereas other studies have found activated mast cells in the descending colon (11, 13).”
From Intestinal microbiota and immune function in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (2013) · cites this paper as [187]
In the citing paper
“Levels of interleukin (IL)-1β mRNA may be increased in the small intestine, colon, and rectum of patients with PI-IBS compared with healthy controls (75, 187), supporting the hypothesis that low-grade inflammation is present in patients with PI-IBS.”
From Intestinal microbiota and immune function in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (2013) · cites this paper as [187]
In the citing paper
“The importance of the interaction between the intestinal microbiota and immune system in IBS patients is demonstrated by a few studies in patients with PI-IBS, indicating activation of the GI immune system following the acute GI infection (57, 58, 75, 89, 94, 124, 168, 170, 187)”
From Intestinal microbiota and immune function in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (2013) · cites this paper as [187]
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Antibodies to flagellin indicate reactivity to bacterial antigens in IBS patients
Schoepfer, A. M., Schaffer, T., Seibold‐schmid, B., Müller, S., & Seibold, F. (2008) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2008.01166.x · Cited by 120
Stermer, E., Lubezky, A., Potasman, I., Paster, E., & Lavy, A. (2006) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/507540 · Cited by 120
“One study went further and established infection with Shigella species as the cause of postinfectious IBS in 8% of cases [6].”
BackgroundApplied Principles of Neurogastroenterology: Physiology/Motility Sensation
Kellow, J. E., Azpiroz, F., Delvaux, M. M., Gebhart, G. F., Mertz, H. R., Quigley, E. M. M., & Smout, A. J. P. M. (2006) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2005.08.061 · Cited by 117
Intestinal microbiota and immune function in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome
Ringel, Y., & Maharshak, N. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00207.2012 · Cited by 115
“The importance of the interaction between the intestinal microbiota and immune system in IBS patients is demonstrated by a few studies in patients with PI-IBS, indicating activation of the GI immune system following the acute GI infection (57, 58, 75, 89, 94, 124, 168, 170, 187), and the recent animal studies showing…”
BackgroundResultInfluentialNeuroanatomy of lower gastrointestinal pain disorders.
Vermeulen, W., Man, J. G. D., Pelckmans, P., & de Winter, B. (2014) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i4.1005 · Cited by 105
New Insights into the Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Collins, S. M. (1992) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-3314-6_9 · Cited by 115
Second Asian Consensus on Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Gwee, K., Gonlachanvit, S., Ghoshal, U. C., Chua, A. S. B., Miwa, H., Wu, J. C. Y., Bak, Y., Lee, O. Y., Lu, C., Park, H., et al. (2019) · Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility · doi:10.5056/jnm19041 · Cited by 112
“8% among controls.(75) In a study from Seoul investigating an outbreak of Shigella infection among 181 health-care”
BackgroundSelf-citationNeuropathophysiology of functional gastrointestinal disorders
Wood, J. D. (2007) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v13.i9.1313 · Cited by 111
Recent developments in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome
El-Salhy, M. (2015) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i25.7621 · Cited by 111
Systematic review: the influence of geography and ethnicity in irritable bowel syndrome
Kang, J. Y. (2005) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02396.x · Cited by 110
Schwille-Kiuntke, J., Enck, P., Zendler, C., Krieg, M., Polster, A. V., Klosterhalfen, S., Autenrieth, I. B., Zipfel, S., & Frick, J.-S. (2011) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01779.x · Cited by 110
Systematic review of animal models of post-infectious/post-inflammatory irritable bowel syndrome
Qin, H., Wu, J. C. Y., Tong, X.-D., Sung, J. J. �., Xu, H., & Bian, Z. (2010) · Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s00535-010-0321-6 · Cited by 111
Beatty, J. K., Bhargava, A., & Buret, A. (2014) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i14.3976 · Cited by 292
Diet in irritable bowel syndrome
El‐Salhy, M., & Gundersen, D. (2015) · Nutrition Journal · doi:10.1186/s12937-015-0022-3 · Cited by 115
“Several types of endocrine cell in all segments of the gastrointestinal tract of IBS patients are abnormal [108-129].”
BackgroundMast cell mediation of visceral sensation and permeability in irritable bowel syndrome
Hasler, W. L., Grabauskas, G., Singh, P., & Owyang, C. (2022) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/nmo.14339 · Cited by 105
Thabane, M., Simunovic, M., Akhtar-Danesh, N., Garg, A. X., Clark, W. F., Collins, S. M., Salvadori, M., & Marshall, J. K. (2010) · American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2010.74 · Cited by 120
Inflammation in irritable bowel syndrome: Myth or new treatment target?
Sinagra, E., Pompei, G., Tomasello, G., Cappello, F., Morreale, G. C., Amvrosiadis, G., Rossi, F., Monte, A. I. L., Rizzo, A. G., & Raimondo, D. (2016) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v22.i7.2242 · Cited by 104
Wadhwa, A., Alnahhas, M. F., Dierkhising, R., Patel, R., Kashyap, P., Pardi, D. S., Khanna, S., & Grover, M. (2016) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.13737 · Cited by 102
Carco, C., Young, W., Gearry, R. B., Talley, N. J., McNabb, W. C., & Roy, N. C. (2020) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2020.00468 · Cited by 105
“Salmonella (McKendrick and Read, 1994), Shigella (Gwee et al., 1999; Wang et al., 2004) or Escherichia coli (Marshall et al.”
BackgroundIrritable bowel syndrome in Asia: Pathogenesis, natural history, epidemiology, and management
Gwee, K., Ghoshal, U., & Chen, M.-H. (2018) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/jgh.13987 · Cited by 103
Postinfectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Ericsson, C. D., Hatz, C., & DuPont, A. W. (2008) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/526774 · Cited by 103
“Increased IL-1b expression in the rectosigmoid and ileum has been found in patients with postinfectious IBS following Shigella infection, and normal levels have been seen in patients with IBS without an infectious onset [5].”
BackgroundIs irritable bowel syndrome an organic disorder?
El‐Salhy, M. (2014) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v20.i2.384 · Cited by 95
Immune dysregulation in the functional gastrointestinal disorders
Keely, S., Walker, M. M., Marks, E., & Talley, N. J. (2015) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1111/eci.12548 · Cited by 96
Rostami, A., Riahi, S. M., Haghighi, A. N., Saber, V., Armon, B., & Tabaei, S. J. S. (2017) · Parasitology Research · doi:10.1007/s00436-017-5535-6 · Cited by 102
“…Tehran, Iran 5 Psychosis Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran system perception of pain are proposed as potential mechanisms of IBS (Cann et al. 1983; Kassinen et al. 2007; Stanghellini et al. 2002; Tillisch et al. 2011; Wang et al. 2004).”
BackgroundPost-infectious irritable bowel syndrome
Spiller, R., & Campbell, E. (2006) · Current Opinion in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/01.mog.0000194792.36466.5c · Cited by 39
The Role of Eosinophils and Mast Cells in Intestinal Functional Disease
Walker, M. M., Warwick, A., Ung, C. Y., & Talley, N. J. (2011) · Current Gastroenterology Reports · doi:10.1007/s11894-011-0197-5 · Cited by 90
“However, both showed a marked increase in mast cells over controls [ 44 ].”
BackgroundTachykinins and tachykinin receptors in the gut, with special reference to NK2 receptors in human
Lecci, A., Capriati, A., Altamura, M., & Maggi, C. A. (2006) · Autonomic Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.autneu.2006.02.014 · Cited by 91
Update on human Campylobacter jejuni infections
Kirkpatrick, B. D., & Tribble, D. R. (2010) · Current Opinion in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mog.0b013e3283413763 · Cited by 91
Review article: probiotics in gastrointestinal and liver diseases
Jonkers, D. M. A. E., & Stockbrügger, R. W. (2007) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03480.x · Cited by 89
Bugs and irritable bowel syndrome: The good, the bad and the ugly
Ghoshal, U. C., Park, H., & Gwee, K. (2010) · Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.06133.x · Cited by 88
Low-level inflammation, immunity, and brain-gut axis in IBS: unraveling the complex relationships
Yuan, Y., Wang, X., Huang, S., Wang, H., & Shen, G.-M. (2023) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2023.2263209 · Cited by 104
“Increased numbers of MC were found in the terminal ileum and rectosigmoid mucosa of IBS patients.(15) mucosal biopsies from IBS patients released mediators, of which MC secretory products 5-HT, histamine and trypsin-like levels were higher than in controls.”
BackgroundTalley, N. J. (2006) · Internal Medicine Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1445-5994.2006.01217.x · Cited by 87
Post‐Infectious Sequelae of Travelers' Diarrhea
Connor, B. A., & Riddle, M. S. (2013) · Journal of Travel Medicine · doi:10.1111/jtm.12049 · Cited by 88
The Role of Mast Cells in Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Lee, K. N., & Lee, O. Y. (2016) · Gastroenterology Research and Practice · doi:10.1155/2016/2031480 · Cited by 90
“Moreover, these enteric nerves were found to contain the mediators, 5hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and substance P (SP) [59].”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Wang, L.-H., Fang, X.-C., & Pan, G.-Z.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Pan, G-Z
- Venue
- Gut
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2004-07-09
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1096-1101
- ISSN
- 0017-5749 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-3288
- PMC
- PMC1774156
- OpenAlex
- W2158018898
- Cited by
- 387
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 23
- FWCI
- 19.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Gut (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Keywords
- shigellosis, irritable bowel syndrome, functional bowel disorders, Shigella, mast cells, neuroimmunology, substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide, serotonin, interleukin-1, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, intestinal nerves, pathogenesis, diarrhea duration
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Colonic Diseases, Functional, Diarrhea, Dysentery, Bacillary, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Interleukin-1, Intestinal Mucosa, Male, Mast Cells, Nerve Fibers, Phosphopyruvate Hydratase, Risk Factors, Serotonin, Substance P, Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide, Irritable Bowel Syndrome
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