Food elimination based on IgG antibodies in irritable bowel syndrome: a randomised controlled trial
Open accessAbstract
Background: Patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) often feel they have some form of dietary intolerance and frequently try exclusion diets. Tests attempting to predict food sensitivity in IBS have been disappointing but none has utilised IgG antibodies. Aims: To assess the therapeutic potential of dietary elimination based on the presence of IgG antibodies to food. Patients: A total of 150 outpatients with IBS were randomised to receive, for three months, either a diet excluding all foods to which they had raised IgG antibodies (enzyme linked immunosorbant assay test) or a sham diet excluding the same number of foods but not those to which they had antibodies. Methods: Primary outcome measures were change in IBS symptom severity and global rating scores. Non-colonic symptomatology, quality of life, and anxiety/depression were secondary outcomes. Intention to treat analysis was undertaken using a generalised linear model. Results: After 12 weeks, the true diet resulted in a 10% greater reduction in symptom score than the sham diet (mean difference 39 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 5–72); p = 0.024) with this value increasing to 26% in fully compliant patients (difference 98 (95% CI 52–144); p<0.001). Global rating also significantly improved in the true diet group as a whole (p = 0.048, NNT = 9) and even more in compliant patients (p = 0.006, NNT = 2.5). All other outcomes showed trends favouring the true diet. Relaxing the diet led to a 24% greater deterioration in symptoms in those on the true diet (difference 52 (95% CI 18–88); p = 0.003). Conclusion: Food elimination based on IgG antibodies may be effective in reducing IBS symptoms and is worthy of further biomedical research.
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IgG antibodies to yeast were reported in 87% of patients yet are rarely responsible for symptoms following dietary rechallenges.
“For example, IgG antibodies to yeast were reported in 87% of patients yet are rarely responsible for symptoms following dietary rechallenges.195 196”
From British Society of Gastroenterology guidelines on the management of irritable bowel syndrome (2021) · cites this paper as [195]
Table 2 (Discussion; page not provided) lists yeast among the foods excluded for 86.7% of the treatment group, consistent with the rounded 87% figure, but it does not establish that percentage for all patients. The Reintroduction of eliminated foods section reports symptoms after foods were reintroduced as a group; it does not report yeast-specific rechallenge results or say yeast was rarely responsible for symptoms. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredSeveral studies have documented IgG-mediated food hypersensitivity and demonstrated that food-elimination diets based on IgG antibodies to specific food items improved IBS symptoms.
“However, several studies have documented IgG-mediated food hypersensitivity and demonstrated that food-elimination diets based on IgG antibodies to specific food items improved IBS symptoms (4, 195, 196), perhaps through amelioration of the immune response.”
From Intestinal microbiota and immune function in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (2013) · cites this paper as [4]
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- Authors
- Atkinson, W., Sheldon, T. A., Shaath, N., & Whorwell, P. J.
- Affiliations
- University of York (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Whorwell, P J
- Venue
- Gut
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2004-09-10
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1459-1464
- ISSN
- 0017-5749 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-3288
- PMC
- PMC1774223
- OpenAlex
- W2002562230
- Cited by
- 534
- References
- 77
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 23 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 23 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 22.27
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Gut (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Explorer (The University of Manchester) (publishedVersion)
- White Rose Research Online (University of Leeds, The University of Sheffield, University of York) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Inflammatory Bowel Disease
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Keywords
- irritable bowel syndrome, IgG, elimination diet, food intolerance, symptom severity, quality of life, anxiety and depression, dietary adherence
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Double-Blind Method, Female, Food Hypersensitivity, Humans, Immunoglobulin G, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Compliance, Severity of Illness Index, Treatment Outcome, Irritable Bowel Syndrome
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