The DOI matches its Crossref record; 17 of the 17 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Intragastric nitric oxide production in humans: measurements in expelled air.
Open accessAbstract
High values (800-6000 parts per billion) of nitric oxide (NO) in expelled air from the stomach were shown in humans by chemiluminescence technique. These NO values were more than 100 times higher than those found in orally exhaled air. Intragastric NO production is probably non-enzymatic, requiring an acidic environment, as NO in expelled air was reduced by 95% after pretreatment with the proton pump inhibitor omeprazole. Furthermore, large amounts of NO were formed in vitro from lettuce and saliva when placed in hydrogen chloride (pH < 2). In conclusion, large amounts of NO are formed intragastrically in humans and this source of NO may be of importance for the integrity of the gastric mucosa in health and disease. Measurements of NO in expelled air might be of value as a non-invasive method for estimation of gastric acidity.
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In the citing paper
“The continuous swallowing of nitrite-containing saliva (~1.5 liters per day) generates a variety of nitrogen oxides, including NO, in the acidic milieu of the gastric lumen.”
From Nitrate and nitrite in biology, nutrition and therapeutics (2009) · cites this paper as [29]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Nitric oxide gas was generated in the human stomach at high concentrations, and this production was dependent on gastric acidity and involved reduction of salivary-derived nitrite.”
From Nitrate-Nitrite-Nitric Oxide Pathway: Implications for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (2010) · cites this paper as [8]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Furthermore, nitric oxide generation was greatly enhanced after intake of nitrate.8”
From Nitrate-Nitrite-Nitric Oxide Pathway: Implications for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care (2010) · cites this paper as [8]
In the citing paper
“Nitrite is then swallowed where it can undergo a diversity of downstream reactions, including formation of NO and NO-donating species following a) protonation to HNO2 and an array of secondary nitrosating and nitrating species in reactions facilitated by the low pH of the stomach[80,83,89–91], or b) further reduction by enteric bacterial nitrite reductases (NiRs)[74].”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [90]
In the citing paper
“Additionally, acid-reduction is known to reduce gastric production of NO[76,90,254]”
From Enterosalivary nitrate metabolism and the microbiome: Intersection of microbial metabolism, nitric oxide and diet in cardiac and pulmonary vascular health (2017) · cites this paper as [90]
In the citing paper
“In humans, nitrite reduction to NO was discovered in expelled air and attributed to non-enzymatic reduction in the stomach [28].”
From Mechanisms of nitrite bioactivation (2014) · cites this paper as [28]
In the citing paper
“initial studies documented the potential for nitrite reduction to NO under anoxic and / or acidic conditions [1-4].”
From Current perspectives and challenges in understanding the role of nitrite as an integral player in nitric oxide biology and therapy (2011) · cites this paper as [4]
In the citing paper
“Moreover, oral ingestion of nitrite into the acidic environment of the stomach produces NO that augments mucus secretion, antibacterial effects of gastric fluids, and ulcer healing [93–97].”
From Inorganic nitrite therapy: historical perspective and future directions (2011) · cites this paper as [97]
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Citations
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Lungberg J, Weitzberg E, Lundberg JM, Alving K. The stomach and the nasal airways as possible contributors to nitric oxide in exhaled air. Amenican Journal of Respiratory and Cnitical Care Medicine 1994; 149: A462.
- Lonberg E, Everitt G, Mattson P. Nitrate in vegetables. Vdr Foda 1985; 37: 316-22.
- Rehfuss M, Hawk PB. JAm Med Assoc 1921; 76: 564.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lundberg, J. O., Weitzberg, E., Lundberg, J. M., & Alving, K.
- Affiliations
- Karolinska Institutet (SE)
- Venue
- Gut
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 1994-11
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1543-1546
- ISSN
- 0017-5749 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-3288
- PMC
- PMC1375608
- OpenAlex
- W2144413971
- Cited by
- 661
- References
- 17
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 21 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 35 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 36 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 4.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Gut (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Nitric Oxide and Endothelin Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Keywords
- nitric oxide, gastric acidity, omeprazole, proton pump inhibitors, gastric mucosa, hydrogen chloride, lettuce, saliva
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Air, Asthma, Breath Tests, Gastric Mucosa, Humans, Hydrochloric Acid, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Nitric Oxide, Omeprazole, Saliva, Lactuca, In Vitro Techniques
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