Tumour-associated and non-tumour-associated microbiota in colorectal cancer
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: A signature that unifies the colorectal cancer (CRC) microbiota across multiple studies has not been identified. In addition to methodological variance, heterogeneity may be caused by both microbial and host response differences, which was addressed in this study. DESIGN: We prospectively studied the colonic microbiota and the expression of specific host response genes using faecal and mucosal samples ('ON' and 'OFF' the tumour, proximal and distal) from 59 patients undergoing surgery for CRC, 21 individuals with polyps and 56 healthy controls. Microbiota composition was determined by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing; expression of host genes involved in CRC progression and immune response was quantified by real-time quantitative PCR. RESULTS: The microbiota of patients with CRC differed from that of controls, but alterations were not restricted to the cancerous tissue. Differences between distal and proximal cancers were detected and faecal microbiota only partially reflected mucosal microbiota in CRC. Patients with CRC can be stratified based on higher level structures of mucosal-associated bacterial co-abundance groups (CAGs) that resemble the previously formulated concept of enterotypes. Of these, Bacteroidetes Cluster 1 and Firmicutes Cluster 1 were in decreased abundance in CRC mucosa, whereas Bacteroidetes Cluster 2, Firmicutes Cluster 2, Pathogen Cluster and Prevotella Cluster showed increased abundance in CRC mucosa. CRC-associated CAGs were differentially correlated with the expression of host immunoinflammatory response genes. CONCLUSIONS: CRC-associated microbiota profiles differ from those in healthy subjects and are linked with distinct mucosal gene-expression profiles. Compositional alterations in the microbiota are not restricted to cancerous tissue and differ between distal and proximal cancers.
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Compared with controls, colorectal cancer patients had lower abundances of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp. and other short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria such as Clostridium, Roseburia, Lachnospiraceae, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii.
“several studies have shown that compared with controls, patients with CRC had lower abundances of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp,16, 18 and other SCFA-producing bacteria, such as the genera Clostridium and Roseburia, the family Lachnospiraceae, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii.15, 35, 37, 45, 53, 129”
From Influence of the Gut Microbiome, Diet, and Environment on Risk of Colorectal Cancer (2020) · cites this paper as [129]
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- Authors
- Flemer, B., Lynch, D. B., Brown, J. M. R., Jeffery, I. B., Ryan, F. J., Claesson, M. J., O'Riordain, M., Shanahan, F., & O'Toole, P. W.
- Affiliations
- University College Cork (IE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Gut
- Publisher
- BMJ
- Published
- 2016-03-18
- Volume
- 66
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 633-643
- ISSN
- 0017-5749 (ISSN-L)
- 1468-3288
- PMC
- PMC5529966
- OpenAlex
- W2307660471
- Cited by
- 804
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 54 · 2025: 59 · 2024: 88 · 2023: 114 · 2022: 114 · 2021: 101 · 2020: 92 · 2019: 72 · 2018: 58 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 31.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by-nc
- Locations
- Gut (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Cork Open Research Archive (University College Cork, Ireland) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Science Foundation Ireland (11/SIRG/B2162, SFI/12/RC/, 12/RC/2273, 12/RC/, SFI/12/RC/2273.)
- APC Microbiome Institute (SFI/12/RC/2273)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Periodontics › Oral microbiology and periodontitis research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Clostridium difficile and Clostridium perfringens research
- Keywords
- colorectal cancer, gut microbiota, colonic mucosa, fecal microbiota, enterotypes, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Prevotella, colorectal polyps, tumor microenvironment
- MeSH terms
- Bacillota, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antigens, Bacterial, Colon, Colonic Neoplasms, Colonic Polyps, Feces, Female, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Rectal Neoplasms, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Gene Expression, Case-Control Studies, Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1, Prevotella, Interleukin-17, Bacteroidetes, Interleukin-23, Chemokine CXCL1, Chemokine CCL20
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