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Sources and Functions of Extracellular Small RNAs in Human Circulation
Abstract
Various biotypes of endogenous small RNAs (sRNAs) have been detected in human circulation, including microRNAs, transfer RNAs, ribosomal RNA, and yRNA fragments. These extracellular sRNAs (ex-sRNAs) are packaged and secreted by many different cell types. Ex-sRNAs exhibit differences in abundance in several disease states and have, therefore, been proposed for use as effective biomarkers. Furthermore, exosome-borne ex-sRNAs have been reported to elicit physiological responses in acceptor cells. Exogenous ex-sRNAs derived from diet (most prominently from plants) and microorganisms have also been reported in human blood. Essential issues that remain to be conclusively addressed concern the (a) presence and sources of exogenous ex-sRNAs in human bodily fluids, (b) detection and measurement of ex-sRNAs in human circulation, (c) selectivity of ex-sRNA export and import, (d) sensitivity and specificity of ex-sRNA delivery to cellular targets, and (e) cell-, tissue-, organ-, and organism-wide impacts of ex-sRNA-mediated cell-to-cell communication. We survey the present state of knowledge of most of these issues in this review.
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“miRNAs can be secreted from cells as a part of RBPs or packed into EVs [33].”
From Hsa-mir-548 family expression in human reproductive tissues (2021) · cites this paper as [33]
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“miRNAs have been detected from all body fluids, including FF [32, 56], and may be involved in cell-to-cell communication [33].”
From Hsa-mir-548 family expression in human reproductive tissues (2021) · cites this paper as [33]
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“Many possible sorting mechanisms are proposed for loading miRNAs into EVs: sequence characteristics, post-transcriptional modifications, subcellular location, and intracellular concentration [33].”
From Hsa-mir-548 family expression in human reproductive tissues (2021) · cites this paper as [33]
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hsa-mir-548 family expression in human reproductive tissues
Rooda, I., Kaselt, B., Liivrand, M., Smolander, O.-P., Salumets, A., & Velthut-Meikas, A. (2021) · BMC Genomic Data · doi:10.1186/s12863-021-00997-w · Cited by 17
Metadata
- Authors
- Fritz, J. V., Heintz-Buschart, A., Ghosal, A., Wampach, L., Etheridge, A., Galas, D., & Wilmes, P.
- Affiliations
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Campus Belval, L-4367 Belvaux, Luxembourg;,
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
- Pacific Northwest Diabetes Research Institute, Seattle, Washington 98122
- Venue
- Annual Review of Nutrition
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2016-07-17
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 301-336
- ISSN
- 0199-9885
- 1545-4312
- PMC
- PMC5479634
- Cited by
- 121
- References
- 20
- Language
- en
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