Altered profile of human gut microbiome is associated with cirrhosis and its complications
Open accessAbstract
Background & aims The gut microbiome is altered in cirrhosis; however its evolution with disease progression is only partly understood. We aimed to study changes in the microbiome over cirrhosis severity, its stability over time and its longitudinal alterations with decompensation.Methods Controls and age-matched cirrhotics (compensated/decompensated/hospitalized) were included. Their stool microbiota was quantified using multi-tagged pyrosequencing. The ratio of autochthonous to non-autochthonous taxa was calculated as the cirrhosis dysbiosis ratio (CDR); a low number indicating dysbiosis. Firstly, the microbiome was compared between controls and cirrhotic sub-groups. Secondly, for stability assessment, stool collected twice within 6months in compensated outpatients was analyzed. Thirdly, changes after decompensation were assessed using (a) longitudinal comparison in patients before/after hepatic encephalopathy development (HE), (b) longitudinal cohort of hospitalized infected cirrhotics MELD-matched to uninfected cirrhotics followed for 30days.Results 244 subjects [219 cirrhotics (121 compensated outpatients, 54 decompensated outpatients, 44 inpatients) and 25 age-matched controls] were included. CDR was highest in controls (2.05) followed by compensated (0.89), decompensated (0.66), and inpatients (0.32, p<0.0001) and negatively correlated with endotoxin. Microbiota and CDR remained unchanged in stable outpatient cirrhotics (0.91 vs. 0.86, p=0.45). In patients studied before/after HE development, dysbiosis occurred post-HE (CDR: 1.2 to 0.42, p=0.03). In the longitudinal matched-cohort, microbiota were significantly different between infected/uninfected cirrhotics at baseline and a low CDR was associated with death and organ failures within 30days.Conclusions Progressive changes in the gut microbiome accompany cirrhosis and become more severe in the setting of decompensation. The cirrhosis dysbiosis ratio may be a useful quantitative index to describe microbiome alterations accompanying cirrhosis progression.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Some of the microbial changes caused by PPIs are the same as the alterations already present in patients with cirrhosis and especially in patients with decompensated cirrhosis, including the relative increase of potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcaeae, Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae.
“It is noteworthy that some of the microbial changes caused by PPIs are the same as the alterations already present in patients with cirrhosis and especially in patients with decompensated cirrhosis including the relative increase of potentially pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcaeae, Enterobacteriaceae and Enterococcaceae[93].”
From Proton pump inhibitors and dysbiosis: current knowledge and aspects to be clarified (2019) · cites this paper as [93]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data
Caporaso, J. G., Kuczynski, J., Stombaugh, J., Bittinger, K., Bushman, F. D., Costello, E. K., Fierer, N., Peña, A. G., Goodrich, J. K., Gordon, J. I., et al. (2010) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/nmeth.f.303 · Cited by 34,887 · see citing works
The Ribosomal Database Project: improved alignments and new tools for rRNA analysis
Cole, J., Wang, Q., Cardenas, E., Fish, J., Chai, B., Farris, R. J., Kulam-Syed-Mohideen, A., Mcgarrell, D., Marsh, T., Garrity, G., et al. (2008) · Nucleic Acids Res. · doi:10.1093/nar/gkn879 · Cited by 4,940 · see citing works
Sokol, H., Pigneur, B., Watterlot, L., Lakhdari, O., Bermúdez-Humarán, L. G., Gratadoux, J.-J., Blugeon, S., Bridonneau, C., Furet, J.-P., Corthier, G., et al. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0804812105 · Cited by 4,413 · see citing works
Moreau, R., Jalan, R., Ginès, P., Pavesi, M., Angeli, P., Córdoba, J., Durand, F., Gustot, T., Saliba, F., Domenicali, M., et al. (2013) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2013.02.042 · Cited by 3,041 · see citing works
Zhu, L., Baker, S. S., Gill, C., Liu, W., Alkhouri, R., Baker, R. D., & Gill, S. R. (2013) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.26093 · Cited by 1,708 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Enterobacteriaceae found in most cirrhotic patients [8,9,31].”
Statistical Methods for Detecting Differentially Abundant Features in Clinical Metagenomic Samples
White, J. R., Nagarajan, N., & Pop, M. (2009) · PLoS Computational Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000352 · Cited by 1,581 · see citing works
Arvaniti, V., D’Amico, G., Fede, G., Manousou, P., Tsochatzis, E. A., Pleguezuelo, M., & Burroughs, A. K. (2010) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2010.06.019 · Cited by 1,172 · see citing works
Characterization of fecal microbial communities in patients with liver cirrhosis
Chen, Y., Yang, F., Lu, H., Wang, B., Chen, Y., Lei, D., Wang, Y., Zhu, B., & Li, L. (2011) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.24423 · Cited by 1,038 · see citing works
Bile Acid Is a Host Factor That Regulates the Composition of the Cecal Microbiota in Rats
Islam, K. B. M. S., Fukiya, S., Hagio, M., Fujii, N., Ishizuka, S., Ooka, T., Ogura, Y., Hayashi, T., & Yokota, A. (2011) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2011.07.046 · Cited by 918 · see citing works
Modulation of the fecal bile acid profile by gut microbiota in cirrhosis
Kakiyama, G., Pandak, W. M., Gillevet, P. M., Hylemon, P. B., Heuman, D. M., Daita, K., Takei, H., Muto, A., Nittono, H., Ridlon, J. M., et al. (2013) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2013.01.003 · Cited by 782 · see citing works
Self-citationColonic microbiome is altered in alcoholism
Mutlu, E. A., Gillevet, P. M., Rangwala, H., Sikaroodi, M., Naqvi, A., Engen, P. A., Kwasny, M., Lau, C. K., & Keshavarzian, A. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00380.2011 · Cited by 775 · see citing works
Self-citationGut microbiota disturbance during antibiotic therapy: a multi-omic approach
Pérez‐Cobas, A. E., Gosalbes, M. J., Friedrichs, A. K., Knecht, H., Artacho, A., Eismann, K., Otto, W., Rojo, D., Bargiela, R., von Bergen�, M., et al. (2012) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2012-303184 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Linkage of gut microbiome with cognition in hepatic encephalopathy
Bajaj, J. S., Ridlon, J. M., Hylemon, P. B., Thacker, L. R., Heuman, D. M., Smith, S., Sikaroodi, M., & Gillevet, P. M. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00190.2011 · Cited by 547 · see citing works
Self-citationBajaj, J. S., Hylemon, P. B., Ridlon, J. M., Heuman, D. M., Daita, K., White, M. B., Monteith, P., Noble, N. A., Sikaroodi, M., & Gillevet, P. M. (2012) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00152.2012 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Self-citationBajaj, J. S., Heuman, D. M., Sanyal, A. J., Hylemon, P. B., Sterling, R. K., Stravitz, R. T., Fuchs, M., Ridlon, J. M., Daita, K., Monteith, P., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0060042 · Cited by 430 · see citing works
Carroll, I. M., Ringel‐Kulka, T., Siddle, J. P., & Ringel, Y. (2012) · Neurogastroenterology & Motility · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2012.01891.x · Cited by 425 · see citing works
Bajaj, J. S., O'Leary, J. G., Reddy, K. R., Wong, F., Olson, J. C., Subramanian, R. M., Brown, G., Noble, N. A., Thacker, L. R., Kamath, P. S., et al. (2012) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.25947 · Cited by 413 · see citing works
Self-citationSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis: recent guidelines and beyond
Wiest, R., Krag, A. A., & Gerbes, A. (2011) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2011-300779 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Cirrhotic Patients Are at Risk for Health Care–Associated Bacterial Infections
Merli, M., Lucidi, C., Giannelli, V., Giusto, M., Riggio, O., Falcone, M., Ridola, L., Attili, A. F., & Venditti, M. (2010) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2010.06.024 · Cited by 323 · see citing works
Role of ammonia and inflammation in minimal hepatic encephalopathy
Shawcross, D. L., Wright, G. A. K., Damink, S. W. M. O., & Jalan, R. (2007) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-006-9042-1 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Analyses of the Stability and Core Taxonomic Memberships of the Human Microbiome
Li, K., Bihan, M., & Methé, B. A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0063139 · Cited by 235 · see citing works
Intestinal Microbiota Was Assessed in Cirrhotic Patients with Hepatitis B Virus Infection
Lu, H., Wu, Z., Xu, W., Yang, J., Chen, Y., & Li, L. (2011) · Microbial Ecology · doi:10.1007/s00248-010-9801-8 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Teltschik, Z., Wiest, R., Beisner, J., Nuding, S., Hofmann, C., Schöelmerich, J., Bevins, C. L., Stange, E. F., & Wehkamp, J. (2011) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.24789 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Large-Scale Survey of Gut Microbiota Associated With MHE Via 16S rRNA-Based Pyrosequencing
Zhang, Z., Zhai, H., Geng, J., Yu, R., Ren, H.-Q., Fan, H., & Shi, P. (2013) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2013.221 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Dabard, J., Bridonneau, C., Phillipe, C., Anglade, P., Mollé, D., Nardi, M., Ladiré, M., Girardin, H., Marcille, F., Gómez, A., et al. (2001) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.67.9.4111-4118.2001 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Diversity of the autochthonous colonic microbiota
Nava, G. M., & Stappenbeck, T. S. (2011) · Gut Microbes · doi:10.4161/gmic.2.2.15416 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
The gut microbiota and the liver. Pathophysiological and clinical implications
Quigley, E. M. M., Stanton, C., & Murphy, E. F. (2013) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2012.11.023 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Bacterial Infection in Cirrhotic Patients and Its Relationship With Alcohol
Rosa, H., Silvério, A. O., Perini, R. F., et al. (2000) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2000.02026.x · Cited by 112 · see citing works
The intestinal microbiome and the leaky gut as therapeutic targets in alcoholic liver disease
Hartmann, P., Chen, W., & Schnabl, B. (2012) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2012.00402 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Effect of Lactitol and Lactulose Administration on the Fecal Flora in Cirrhotic Patients
Riggio, O., Varriale, M., Testore, G. P., Rosa, R. D., Rosa, E. D., Merli, M., Romiti, A., Candiani, C., & Capocaccia, L. (1990) · Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/00004836-199008000-00016 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Quantitative Assessment of the Human Gut Microbiome Using Multitag Pyrosequencing
Gillevet, P. M., Sikaroodi, M., Keshavarzian, A., & Mutlu, E. (2010) · Chemistry & Biodiversity · doi:10.1002/cbdv.200900322 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, J., Wu, D., Ahmed, A., Li, X., Ma, Y., Tang, L., Mo, D., Ma, Y., & Xin, Y. (2012) · Current Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00284-012-0105-8 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Park, H. J., Na, S., Park, S. Y., et al. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.01842-10 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
A re-appraisal of the biological activity of bacteroides LPS
Delahooke, D. M., Barclay, G. R., & Poxton, I. R. (1995) · Journal of Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1099/00222615-42-2-102 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
The gut microbiota and the liver: implications for clinical practice
Quigley, E. M. M., & Monsour, H. (2013) · Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1586/17474124.2013.848167 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Halomonas johnsoniae: Review of a Medically Underappreciated Genus of Growing Human Importance
Stevens, D. A., Johnson, N., Kim, K. K., et al. (2012) · The American Journal of the Medical Sciences · doi:10.1097/maj.0b013e31825600de · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The gut-liver axis in liver disease: Pathophysiological basis for therapy
Albillos, A., de Gottardi, A., & Rescigno, M. (2020) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2019.10.003 · Cited by 2,166 · see citing works
Bile acids and the gut microbiome
Ridlon, J. M., Kang, D. J., Hylemon, P. B., & Bajaj, J. S. (2014) · Current Opinion in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/mog.0000000000000057 · Cited by 1,329 · see citing works
Self-citationLoomba, R., Seguritan, V., Li, W., Long, T., Klitgord, N., Bhatt, A., Dulai, P. S., Caussy, C., Bettencourt, R., Highlander, S. K., et al. (2017) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.001 · Cited by 1,123 · see citing works
The gut microbiota: a major player in the toxicity of environmental pollutants?
Claus, S. P., Guillou, H., & Ellero-Simatos, S. (2016) · npj Biofilms and Microbiomes · doi:10.1038/npjbiofilms.2016.3 · Cited by 678 · see citing works
Sarcopenia from mechanism to diagnosis and treatment in liver disease
Dasarathy, S., & Merli, M. (2016) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2016.07.040 · Cited by 608 · see citing works
Milosevic, I., Vujovic, A., Barac, A., Djelic, M., Korac, M., Radovanovic Spurnic, A., Gmizic, I., Stevanovic, O., Djordjevic, V., Lekic, N., et al. (2019) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms20020395 · Cited by 551 · see citing works
Gut microbiome and liver diseases
Tilg, H., Cani, P. D., & Mayer, E. A. (2016) · Gut · doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312729 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
Gut microbiome, liver immunology, and liver diseases
Wang, R., Tang, R., Li, B., Ma, X., Schnabl, B., & Tilg, H. (2021) · Cellular & Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41423-020-00592-6 · Cited by 466 · see citing works
Lee, G., You, H. J., Bajaj, J. S., Joo, S. K., Yu, J., Park, S., Kang, H., Park, J. H., Kim, J. H., Lee, D. H., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18754-5 · Cited by 395 · see citing works
Self-citationSalivary microbiota reflects changes in gut microbiota in cirrhosis with hepatic encephalopathy
Bajaj, J. S., Betrapally, N. S., Hylemon, P. B., Heuman, D. M., Daita, K., White, M. B., Unser, A., Thacker, L. R., Sanyal, A. J., Kang, D. J., et al. (2015) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.27819 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Self-citationLv, L., Fang, D., Shi, D., Chen, D., Yan, R., Zhu, Y., Chen, Y., Shao, L., Guo, F., Wu, W., et al. (2016) · Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1111/1462-2920.13401 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Microbial impact on cholesterol and bile acid metabolism: current status and future prospects
Kriaa, A., Bourgin, M., Potiron, A., Mkaouar, H., Jablaoui, A., Gérard, P., Maguin, E., & Rhimi, M. (2019) · Journal of Lipid Research · doi:10.1194/jlr.r088989 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Proton pump inhibitors and dysbiosis: current knowledge and aspects to be clarified
Bruno, G., Zaccari, P., Rocco, G., Scalese, G., Panetta, C., Porowska, B., Pontone, S., & Severi, C. (2019) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v25.i22.2706 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Lelouvier, B., Servant, F., Païssé, S., Brunet, A., Benyahya, S., Serino, M., Valle, C., Ortiz, M. R., Puig, J., Courtney, M., et al. (2016) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.28829 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Microbial-derived metabolites as a risk factor of age-related cognitive decline and dementia
Connell, E., Le Gall, G., Pontifex, M. G., Sami, S., Cryan, J. F., Clarke, G., Müller, M., & Vauzour, D. (2022) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/s13024-022-00548-6 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
LeFort, K. R., Rungratanawanich, W., & Song, B.-J. (2024) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-023-05061-7 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Úbeda, M., Lario, M., Muñoz, L., Borrero, M.-J., Rodríguez-Serrano, M., Sánchez-Díaz, A.-M., del Campo, R., Lledó, L., Pastor, Ó., García-Bermejo, L., et al. (2016) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2015.12.010 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Acharya, C., Betrapally, N. S., Gillevet, P. M., Sterling, R. K., Akbarali, H., White, M. B., Ganapathy, D., Fagan, A., Sikaroodi, M., & Bajaj, J. S. (2017) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.13858 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Self-citationBajaj, J. S., Cox, I. J., Betrapally, N. S., Heuman, D. M., Schubert, M. L., Ratneswaran, M., Hylemon, P. B., White, M. B., Daita, K., Noble, N. A., et al. (2014) · American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00268.2014 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Self-citationRossen, N. G., Fuentes, S., Boonstra, K., D’Haens, G. R., Heilig, H. G., Zoetendal, E. G., de Vos, W. M., & Ponsioen, C. Y. (2015) · Journal of Crohn's and Colitis · doi:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jju023 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Sung, C. M., Lin, Y.-F., Chen, K.-F., Ke, H.-M., Huang, H.-Y., Gong, Y.-N., Tsai, W.-S., You, J.-F., Lu, M. J., Cheng, H.-T., et al. (2019) · Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh.2019.04.008 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Bajaj, J. S., Idilman, R., Mabudian, L., Hood, M., Fagan, A., Turan, D., White, M. B., Karakaya, F., Wang, J., Atalay, R., et al. (2018) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.29791 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Self-citationNardelli, S., Gioia, S., Ridola, L., Farcomeni, A., Merli, M., & Riggio, O. (2019) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.30304 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Gut microbiota, cirrhosis, and alcohol regulate bile acid metabolism in the gut
Ridlon, J. M., Kang, D.-J., Hylemon, P. B., & Bajaj, J. S. (2015) · Digestive Diseases · doi:10.1159/000371678 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Self-citationDecompensated cirrhosis and microbiome interpretation
Bajaj, J. S., Betrapally, N. S., & Gillevet, P. M. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature14851 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Self-citationHorvath, A., Rainer, F., Bashir, M., Leber, B., Schmerboeck, B., Klymiuk, I., Groselj-Strele, A., Durdevic, M., Freedberg, D. E., Abrams, J. A., et al. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-48352-5 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Microbiota, a key player in alcoholic liver disease
Cassard, A.-M., & Ciocan, D. (2018) · Clinical and Molecular Hepatology · doi:10.3350/cmh.2017.0067 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Prieto, I., Hidalgo, M., Segarra, A. B., Martínez-Rodríguez, A. M., Cobo, A., Ramírez, M., Abriouel, H., Gálvez, A., & Martínez-Cañamero, M. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0190368 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Immunoglobulin A and liver diseases
Inamine, T., & Schnabl, B. (2018) · Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1007/s00535-017-1400-8 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Gut-liver axis: Recent concepts in pathophysiology in alcohol-associated liver disease
Raya Tonetti, F., Eguileor, A., Mrdjen, M., Pathak, V., Travers, J., Nagy, L. E., & Llorente, C. (2024) · Hepatology · doi:10.1097/hep.0000000000000924 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Chen, J., Wei, Y., He, J., Cui, G., Zhu, Y., Lu, C., Ding, Y., Xue, R., Bai, L., Uede, T., et al. (2014) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep07259 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
HCV eradication does not impact gut dysbiosis or systemic inflammation in cirrhotic patients
Bajaj, J. S., Sterling, R. K., Betrapally, N. S., Nixon, D. E., Fuchs, M., Daita, K., Heuman, D. M., Sikaroodi, M., Hylemon, P. B., White, M. B., et al. (2016) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/apt.13732 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationSarcopenic Obesity in Liver Cirrhosis: Possible Mechanism and Clinical Impact
Nishikawa, H., Enomoto, H., Nishiguchi, S., & Iijima, H. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22041917 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Advances in Gut Microbiota of Viral Hepatitis Cirrhosis
Wang, Y., Pan, C. Q., & Xing, H. (2019) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2019/9726786 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
The Human Gut Microbiome in Liver Diseases
Davis, B., & Bajaj, J. (2017) · Seminars in Liver Disease · doi:10.1055/s-0037-1602763 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationZhu, J., Qi, X., Yu, H., Yoshida, E. M., Mendez-Sanchez, N., Zhang, X., Wang, R., Deng, H., Li, J., Han, D., et al. (2018) · United European Gastroenterology Journal · doi:10.1177/2050640618773564 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Kronsten, V. T., & Shawcross, D. L. (2022) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ab.2021.114437 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bajaj, J. S., Heuman, D. M., Hylemon, P. B., Sanyal, A. J., White, M. B., Monteith, P., Noble, N. A., Unser, A. B., Daita, K., Fisher, A. R., Sikaroodi, M., & Gillevet, P. M.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- George Mason University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bajaj, Jasmohan S.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Hepatology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2014-05
- Volume
- 60
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 940-947
- ISSN
- 0168-8278 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3995845
- OpenAlex
- W2170325206
- Cited by
- 1,099
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 69 · 2025: 91 · 2024: 106 · 2023: 118 · 2022: 111 · 2021: 131 · 2020: 105 · 2019: 105 · 2018: 88 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 44 · 2014: 19
- FWCI
- 16.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Hepatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR000058)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (R01AA020203)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK087913)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (UL1-TR00058)
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (U01AT004428)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver Disease and Transplantation
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Abdominal vascular conditions and treatments
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, liver cirrhosis, cirrhosis decompensation, hepatic encephalopathy, dysbiosis, endotoxin, microbiome stability, disease progression, mortality
- MeSH terms
- Digestive System, Female, Hepatic Encephalopathy, Humans, Infections, Liver Cirrhosis, Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Severity of Illness Index, Cohort Studies, Case-Control Studies, Disease Progression, End Stage Liver Disease, Microbiota, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
