Environmental Factors, Gut Microbiota, and Colorectal Cancer Prevention

Song, Mingyang; Chan, Andrew T.

doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2018.07.012

Cited by 355Gut microbiota and healthNutritional Studies and DietColorectal Cancer Screening and Detection

Environmental Factors, Gut Microbiota, and Colorectal Cancer Prevention

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Song, Mingyang, Chan, Andrew T.·2019·Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology

DOI 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.07.012PMC PMC6314893

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Abstract

The substantial burden of colorectal cancer and increasing trend in young adults highlight the importance of lifestyle modification as a complement to screening for colorectal cancer prevention. Several dietary and lifestyle factors have been implicated in the development of colorectal cancer, possibly through the intricate metabolic and inflammatory mechanisms. Likewise, as a key metabolic and immune regulator, the gut microbiota has been recognized to play an important role in colorectal tumorigenesis. Increasing data support that environmental factors are crucial determinants for the gut microbial composition and function, whose alterations induce changes in the host gene expression, metabolic regulation, and local and systemic immune response, thereby influencing cancer development. Here, we review the epidemiologic and mechanistic evidence regarding the links between diet and lifestyle and the gut microbiota in the development of colorectal cancer. We focus on factors for which substantial data support their importance for colorectal cancer and their potential role in the gut microbiota, including overweight and obesity, physical activity, dietary patterns, fiber, red and processed meat, marine omega-3 fatty acid, alcohol, and smoking. We also briefly describe other colorectal cancer-preventive factors for which the links with the gut microbiota have been suggested but remain to be mechanistically characterized, including vitamin D status, dairy consumption, and metformin use. Given limitations in available evidence, we highlight the need for further investigations in the relationship between environmental factors, gut microbiota, and colorectal cancer, which may lead to development and clinical translation of potential microbiota-based strategies for cancer prevention.

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Increasing data indicate that changes in the intestinal microbiome allow environmental risk factors to initiate and promote colorectal cancer.
“Increasing data indicate that changes in the intestinal microbiome allow environmental risk factors to initiate and promote CRC.6, 7”
From Influence of the Gut Microbiome, Diet, and Environment on Risk of Colorectal Cancer (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
Associations have been found between components of the intestinal microbiome and colorectal cancer risk.
“Researchers have discovered associations between elements of the intestinal microbiome (including specific microbes, signaling pathways, and microbiota-related metabolites) and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC).”
From Influence of the Gut Microbiome, Diet, and Environment on Risk of Colorectal Cancer (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
The anti-colorectal cancer effects of fiber could be related to its effects on the gut microbiota.
“The anti-CRC effects of fiber could be related to its effects on the gut microbiota.6”
From Influence of the Gut Microbiome, Diet, and Environment on Risk of Colorectal Cancer (2020) · cites this paper as [6]
Fiber is fermented by bacteria to produce short-chain fatty acids, which regulate the immune system and metabolism and reduce colorectal cancer risk.
“Fiber is fermented by bacteria to produce SCFAs, which regulate the immune system and metabolism and reduce risk of CRC.6, 88, 94, 123–125”
From Influence of the Gut Microbiome, Diet, and Environment on Risk of Colorectal Cancer (2020) · cites this paper as [6]

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Gut Microbiota Enterotypes Mediate the Effects of Dietary Patterns on Colorectal Neoplasm Risk in a Chinese Population
Cai, J.-A., Zhang, Y.-Z., Yu, E.-D., Ding, W.-Q., Jiang, Q.-W., Cai, Q.-C., & Zhong, L. (2023) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu15132940 · Cited by 9 · see citing works

Authors: Song, M., & Chan, A. T.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Broad Institute (US)
Corresponding author: Song, Mingyang
ORCID: Song, Mingyang
Chan, Andrew T.
Venue: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2019-01
Volume: 17
Issue: 2
Pages: 275-289
ISSN: 1542-3565 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.07.012
PMC: PMC6314893
OpenAlex: W2882993821
Cited by: 355
References: 135
Citations by year: 2026: 26 · 2025: 52 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 60 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 1
FWCI: 2.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: American Cancer Society (MRSG-17-220-01)
AACR-AstraZeneca Fellowship in Immuno-oncology Research
National Institutes of Health (K99 CA215314, R00 CA215314, K24 DK098311, R01 CA137178, R01 CA202704, R01 CA176726)
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Colorectal Cancer Screening and Detection
Keywords: colorectal cancer prevention, gut microbiota, environmental factors, lifestyle modification, diet, obesity, physical activity, dietary fiber, red and processed meat, omega-3 fatty acids, alcohol, smoking, vitamin D, dairy consumption, metformin, colorectal carcinogenesis, inflammation
MeSH terms: Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Host Microbial Interactions, Diet, Environmental Exposure, Humans, Life Style, Colorectal Neoplasms, Carcinogenesis, Microbiota, Dysbiosis

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